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Frege on Definitions: A Case Study of Semantic Content
by John HortyIn this short monograph, John Horty explores the difficulties presented for Gottlob Frege's semantic theory, as well as its modern descendents, by the treatment of defined expressions. The book begins by focusing on the psychological constraints governing Frege's notion of sense, or meaning, and argues that, given these constraints, even the treatment of simple stipulative definitions led Frege to important difficulties. Horty is able to suggest ways out of these difficulties that are both philosophically and logically plausible and Fregean in spirit. This discussion is then connected to a number of more familiar topics, such as indexicality and the discussion of concepts in recent theories of mind and language. In the latter part of the book, after introducing a simple semantic model of senses as procedures, Horty considers the problems that definitions present for Frege's idea that the sense of an expression should mirror its grammatical structure. The requirement can be satisfied, he argues, only if defined expressions--and incomplete expressions as well--are assigned senses of their own, rather than treated contextually. He then explores one way in which these senses might be reified within the procedural model, drawing on ideas from work in the semantics of computer programming languages. With its combination of technical semantics and history of philosophy, Horty's book tackles some of the hardest questions in the philosophy of language. It should interest philosophers, logicians, and linguists.
Slang: The People's Poetry
by Michael AdamsSlang, writes Michael Adams, is poetry on the down low, and sometimes lowdown poetry on the down low, but rarely, if ever, merely lowdown. It is the poetry of everyday speech, the people's poetry, and it deserves attention as language playing on the cusp of art. In Slang: The People's Poetry, Adams covers this perennially interesting subject in a serious but highly engaging way, illuminating the fundamental question "What is Slang" and defending slang--and all forms of nonstandard English--as integral parts of the American language. Why is an expression like "bed head" lost in a lexical limbo, found neither in slang nor standard dictionaries? Why are snow-boarding terms such as "fakie," "goofy foot," "ollie" and "nollie" not considered slang? As he addresses these and other lexical curiosities, Adams reveals that slang is used in part to define groups, distinguishing those who are "down with it" from those who are "out of it." Slang is also a rebellion against the mainstream. It often irritates those who color within the lines--indeed, slang is meant to irritate, sometimes even to shock. But slang is also inventive language, both fun to make and fun to use. Rather than complain about slang as "bad" language, Adams urges us to celebrate slang's playful resistance to the commonplace and to see it as the expression of an innate human capacity, not only for language, but for poetry.
New Directions in American Reception Study
by Philip Goldstein James L. MachorContemporary reception study has developed a diversity of approaches and methods, including the institutional, textual, historical, authorial, and reader-response, which, to a greater or lesser extent, acknowledge the various ways in which readers have found texts-- literature, television shows, movies, and newspapers--meaningful. This collection emphasizes that new diversity, examining movies, newspapers, fans, television shows, and traditional American as well as modern Hispanic, Black, and Women's literature. The essays on literature include James Machor on Melville's short fiction, Kenneth Roemer on Edward Bellamy's utopian work Looking Backward, Amy Blair on the popularity of Sinclair Lewis's Main Street, Marcial Gonzalez on Danny Santiago and his Hispanic novel Famous All Over Town, and Leonard Diepeveen on modernist fiction and criticism. The theoretical essays on reader-oriented criticism include Patsy Schweickart on interpretation and the ethics of careand Jack Bratich on active audiences. Media versions of response criticism include Andrea Press and Camille Johnson's ethnographic analysis of fans of the Oprah Winfrey Show, Janet Staiger on Robert Aldrich's film version of Mickey Spillane's Kiss Me Deadly, and Rhiannon Bury on the fans of the HBO television show Six Feet Under. History-of-the-book versions include Barbara Hochman on the popularity of the 1890s editions of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, Ellen Garvey on nineteenth-century scrapbooks of newspaper, and David Nord on early twentieth-century newspapers' relations to audience charges of bias and unfairness. Poststructuralist studies include Philip Goldstein on Richard Wright's Native Son, Steve Mailloux on Reading Lolita in Tehran, and Tony Bennett on the cultural analyses of Pierre Bourdieu. The collection concludes with essays by Janice Radway on the limits of these methods and on the possibility of new forms of sociological and anthropological reception study and byToby Miller on the "reception deception" in relation to the worldwide distribution and reception of movies and television shows.
Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Analysis (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics)
by Theo van LeeuwenAdding a new introduction and two previously unpublished papers, Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis brings together van Leeuwen's methodological work on discourse analysis of the last 15 years. Discourse, van Leeuwen argues, is a resource for representation, a knowledge about some aspect of reality which can be drawn upon when that aspect of reality has to be represented, a framework for making sense of things. And they are plural. There can be different discourses, different ways of making sense of the same aspect of reality that serve different interests and will therefore be used in different social contexts. However abstract some discourses are, discourses ultimately always represent doings, van Leeuwen argues. Doing is the foundation of knowing, and social practices are the foundation of discourses. Studying children's books, newspaper reports, brochures and other texts, as well as photographs and children's toys, van Leeuwen investigates what can happen when practices are transformed into discourses and provides analytical tools for reconstructing discourses from texts. Throughout the book, van Leeuwen makes connections between sociological and linguistic or semiotic concepts and methods to ensure the social and critical relevance of his analytical categories. van Leeuwen's work has already been widely used by critical discourse analysts across the world. This volume will be a welcome guide for anyone looking for a form of discourse analysis that is both explicit and methodical, and critically incisive.
Beckett at 100: Revolving It All
by Linda Ben-Zvi Angela MoorjaniThe year 2006 marked the centenary of the birth of Nobel-Prize winning playwright and novelist Samuel Beckett. To commemorate the occasion, this collection brings together twenty-three leading international Beckett scholars from ten countries, who take on the centenary challenge of "revolving it all": that is, going "back to Beckett"-the title of an earlier study by critic Ruby Cohn, to whom the book is dedicated-in order to rethink traditional readings and theories; provide new contexts and associations; and reassess his impact on the modern imagination and legacy to future generations. These original essays, most first presented by the Samuel Beckett Working Group at the Dublin centenary celebration, are divided into three sections: (1) Thinking through Beckett, (2) Shifting Perspectives, and (3) Echoing Beckett. As repeatedly in his canon, images precede words. The book opens with stills from films of experimental filmmaker Peter Gidal and unpublished excerpts from Beckett's 1936-37 German Travel Diaries, presented by Beckett biographer James Knowlson, with permission from the Beckett estate. Renowned director and theatre theoretician Herbert Blau follows with his personal Beckett "thinking through." Others in Part I explore Beckett and philosophy (Abbott), the influences of Bergson (Gontarski) and Leibniz (Mori), Beckett and autobiography (Locatelli), and Agamben on post-Holocaust testimony (Jones). Essays in Part II recontextualize Beckett's works in relation to iconography (Moorjani), film theoretician Rudolf Arnheim (Engelberts), Marshall McLuhan (Ben-Zvi), exilic writing (McMullan), Pierre Bourdieu's literary field (Siess), romanticism (Brater), social theorists Adorno and Horkheimer (Degani-Raz), and performance issues (Rodríguez-Gago). Part III relates Beckett's writing to that of Yeats (Okamuro), Paul Auster (Campbell), Caryl Churchill (Diamond), William Saroyan (Bryden), Minoru Betsuyaku and Harold Pinter (Tanaka) and Morton Feldman and Jasper Johns (Laws). Finally, Beckett himself becomes a character in other playwrights' works (Zeifman). Taken together these essays make a clear case for the challenges and rewards of thinking through Beckett in his second century.
Trials of Reason: Plato and the Crafting of Philosophy
by David WolfsdorfScholarship on Plato's dialogues persistently divides its focus between the dramatic or literary and the philosophical or argumentative dimensions of the texts. But this hermeneutic division of labor is naïve, for Plato's arguments are embedded in dramatic dialogues and developed through complex, largely informal exchanges between literary characters. Consequently, it is questionable how readers can even attribute arguments and theses to the author himself. The answer to this question lies in transcending the scholarly divide and integrating the literary and philosophical dimensions of the texts. This is the task of Trials of Reason. The study focuses on a set of fourteen so-called early dialogues, beginning with a methodological framework that explains how to integrate the argumentation and the drama in these texts. Unlike most canonical philosophical works, the early dialogues do not merely express the results of the practice of philosophy. Rather, they dramatize philosophy as a kind of motivation, the desire for knowledge of goodness. They dramatize philosophy as a discursive practice, motivated by this desire and ideally governed by reason. And they dramatize the trials to which desire and reason are subject, that is, the difficulties of realizing philosophy as a form of motivation, a practice, and an epistemic achievement. In short, Trials of Reason argues that Plato's early dialogues are as much works of meta-philosophy as philosophy itself.
Fighting over Words: Language and Civil Law Cases
by Roger W. ShuyMost people fight over something or other and language is usually at the very center of the conflict. Often the way we use language is the cause of the battle. There are many areas in which fighting about language can be observed but civil law cases offer the most fertile examples of this warfare over words. What did the contract actually say? Was there deception in the advertising? Was the warning label clear and effective? Did the company evidence race or age discrimination against employees or customers? Was one company's name too similar to that of another company? Did the corporation plagiarize the work of another? Did it fraudulently represent what its work? This book is about the ways linguistic analysis describes, exposes, and aids disputes in 18 civil cases where language framed the battleground. Roger Shuy, a well-known forensic linguist and consultant, shows how the skills of linguistic analysis can help resolve disputed meanings, while also showing how civil cases can prove to be fertile ground for linguistic scholarship. He does this by collecting and analyzing cases involving contracts, trademark disputes, advertisements, product liability, copyright infringement, discrimination, trademark disputes, and fraud controversies. In each case he employs all the tools of formal linguistics to show how it can be as helpful as other physical sciences in resolving legal disagreements. The work will be of interest primarily to linguists -- sociolinguists, forensic linguists, and scholars and students of law and society -- as well as lawyers and law students.
Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction
by Ronald W. LangackerThis book fills a long standing need for a basic introduction to Cognitive Grammar that is current, authoritative, comprehensive, and approachable. It presents a synthesis that draws together and refines the descriptive and theoretical notions developed in this framework over the course of three decades. In a unified manner, it accommodates both the conceptual and the social-interactive basis of linguistic structure, as well as the need for both functional explanation and explicit structural description. Starting with the fundamentals, essential aspects of the theory are systematically laid out with concrete illustrations and careful discussion of their rationale. Among the topics surveyed are conceptual semantics, grammatical classes, grammatical constructions, the lexicon-grammar continuum characterized as assemblies of symbolic structures (form-meaning pairings), and the usage-based account of productivity, restrictions, and well-formedness. The theory's central claim - that grammar is inherently meaningful - is thereby shown to be viable. The framework is further elucidated through application to nominal structure, clause structure, and complex sentences. These are examined in broad perspective, with exemplification from English and numerous other languages. In line with the theory's general principles, they are discussed not only in terms of their structural characterization, but also their conceptual value and functional motivation. Other matters explored include discourse, the temporal dimension of language structure, and what grammar reveals about cognitive processes and the construction of our mental world.
A Commentary on Demosthenes' Philippic I: With Rhetorical Analyses of Philippics II and III (Society for Classical Studies Texts & Commentaries)
by Cecil WootenPhilippic I, delivered between 351 B.C. - 350 B.C., was the first speech by a prominent politician against the growing power of Philip II of Macedon. Along with the other Philippics of Demosthenes', it is arguably one of the finest deliberative speeches from antiquity. The present volume provides the first commentary in English on the Philippics since 1907 and promises to encourage more study of this essential Greek orator. Aiming his commentary at advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students, Cecil Wooten addresses rhetorical and stylistic matters, historical background, and grammatical problems. In addition to a full commentary on Philippic I, this volume includes essays that outline Philippics II and III, set them in their historical context, and emphasize the differences between these later speeches and the first.
The Short Story In English
by Walter Allen[Google Books] Traces the development of the modern short story in English to show how it has grown and changed since rising as a significant literary genre in the late nineteenth century.
Contemporary Women's Writing in German: Changing the Subject (Oxford Studies In Modern European Culture)
by Brigid Haines Margaret LittlerSix key texts by contemporary women writers are read afresh by leading critics, using insights from poststructuralist and new materialist feminist theory. Ingeborg Bachmann, Christa Wolf, and Elfriede Jelinek have long been prominent in the fields of Austrian modernism, GDR writing, and avant-garde Austrian literature. The innovative work of Anne Duden, Herta Müller, and Emine Sevgi Özdamar sets out to challenge dominant models of German identity. Focusing on the body and suffering, they explore textual representations of trauma, national identity, and displacement. Haines and Littler's readings of these distinguished and complex female authors offer new avenues for discussion. Both critics and their subjects cast a sceptical eye over existing notions of subjectivity in relation to language, gender, and race. Together, they spark controversy and comment, in an increasingly important debate.
Katherine Mansfield And Virginia Woolf: A Public Of Two (pdf)
by Angela SmithLong after the death of Katherine Mansfield (1888-1923), Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) described being haunted by Mansfied in dreams. Through detailed comparative readings of their fiction, letters, and diaries, Angela Smith explores the intense affinity between the two writers. Writing at a time when the First World War and the changing attitudes towards empire problematized definitions of foreignness, the fiction of both Mansfield and Woolf is characterized by moments in which the perceiving consciousness sees the familiar made strange, the domestic made menacing.
Project X Origins: Red Book Band, Oxford Level 2 Big And Small: Big Car, Small Car
by Emma LynchThis non-fiction book, Big Car, Small Car, explores both big and small vehicles, including some to play with at home. This book is part of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking guided reading programme for the whole school.
Project X Origins: Yellow Book Band, Oxford Level 3 Food: Yum!
by Monica HughesThis non-fiction book, Yum!, explores where our favourite ingredients comes from and the different meals that you can make from them. This book is part of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking guided reading programme for the whole school.
Project X Origins: Purple Book Band, Oxford Level 8 Habitat: Dangerous Creatures
by Alison BlankIn Dangerous Creatures, explore which animals are the most dangerous and how they can sting or attack. This book is part of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking guided reading programme for the whole school.
Project X Origins: Lime Book Band, Oxford Level 11 Underground: Ants At Home
by Haydn MiddletonAnts at Home explores the underground world in microscopic detail to reveal an ants' world. This book is part of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking guided reading programme for the whole school.
Project X Origins: An Essential Guide To Raising Boys' Achievement (Project X Origins Ser.)
by Gary Wilson Pippa Doran Karen Young Maureen LewisPart of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking whole-school guided reading programme, this Handbook is compiled by experts and practising teachers and draws together findings from research and classroom experience to provide strategies, ideas and practical advice on how to improve boys' reading - and how girls can benefit from this, too!
Project X Origins: PinkYellow Book Bands, Oxford Levels 1+-3: Teaching Handbook Reception/P1
by Maureen LewisPart of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking whole-school guided reading programme, this teaching handbook includes: comprehensive assessment and levelling drawn from the Oxford Ros Wilson Reading Criterion Scale; correlation to all UK curricula; ideas for cross-curricular activities; and photocopy masters to support follow-up work.
Project X Origins: Light Blue-orange Book Bands, Oxford Levels 4-6 Teaching Handbook Year 1/p2
by Maureen LewisPart of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking whole-school guided reading programme, this teaching handbook includes: comprehensive assessment and levelling drawn from the Oxford Ros Wilson Reading Criterion Scale; correlation to all UK curricula; ideas for cross-curricular activities; and photocopy masters to support follow-up work.
Project X Origins: Turquoise-Lime Book Bands, Oxford Levels 7-11: Teaching Handbook Year 2/P3 (Project X Origins Ser.)
by Maureen LewisPart of Project X Origins, a ground-breaking whole-school guided reading programme, this teaching handbook includes: comprehensive assessment and levelling drawn from the Oxford Ros Wilson Reading Criterion Scale; correlation to all UK curricula; ideas for cross-curricular activities; and photocopy masters to support follow-up work.
Ks2 Teaching Handbook Years 3-6/p4-7: Project X Origins
by Maureen LewisProject X Origins is a ground-breaking guided reading programme for the whole school. Action-packed stories, fascinating non-fiction and comprehensive guided reading support meet the needs of children at every stage of their reading development. The Project X Origins KS2 Teaching Handbook provides teaching support for the new clusters, including: guidance on getting the most out of guided reading; comprehensive assessment and levelling support, drawn from the Oxford Ros Wilson Reading Criterion Scale, to help you track performance, identify next steps and match books to each groups' needs; correlation to all UK curricula; advice for working with parents/carers; ideas for cross-curricular activities; and a selection of photocopy masters to support follow-up work for every book in the year group.
Read Write Inc: Spelling Practice Book 2A (PDF)
by Janey Pursglove Ruth MiskinThe programme consists of an integral online software subscription, in which spelling rules are introduced and taught by animated characters in an exciting fantasy world.
Read Write Inc. Spelling: Practice Book 2B (PDF)
by Ruth Miskin Janey Pursglove Jenny Roberts Kate SheppardRead Write Inc. Spelling has been developed by Ruth Miskin for the new curriculum to ensure each child is prepared for the spelling component of the Year 6 Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling Test. It comprises engaging online resources; Practice Books with a range of activities; Log Books to track progress; and a comprehensive Teaching Handbook.
Read Write Inc. Spelling: Practice Book 4 (PDF)
by Ruth Miskin Janey Pursglove Jenny Roberts Kate SheppardRead Write Inc. Spelling has been developed by Ruth Miskin for the new curriculum to ensure each child is prepared for the spelling component of the Year 6 Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling Test. It comprises engaging online resources; Practice Books with a range of activities; Log Books to track progress; and a comprehensive Teaching Handbook.
Read Write Inc. Spelling: Teaching Handbook
by Janey Pursglove Jenny RobertsRead Write Inc. Spelling has been developed by Ruth Miskin for the new curriculum to ensure each child is prepared for the spelling component of the Year 6 Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling Test. It comprises engaging online resources; Practice Books with a range of activities; Log Books to track progress; and a comprehensive Teaching Handbook.