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Agreements of International Organizations and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Österreichische Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht - Supplementa #1)
by Lilly-Ralou Behrmann
Annuaire Européen / European Yearbook (Annuaire Europeen / European Yearbook #17)
by Council of Council of Europe
Behavior of Nonhuman Primates: Modern Research Trends (ISSN #Volume 4)
by Allan M. Schrier Fred StollnitzBehavior of Nonhuman Primates: Modern Research Trends, Volume 4 provides information pertinent to research on behavior of nonhuman primates. This book presents a systematic investigation of memory processes in animals.Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the implication of the obvious similarity of monkeys and humans in interproblem learning. This text then presents a series of investigations of the retention of object-discrimination learning by learning-set-experienced rhesus monkeys. Other chapters consider the capability of chimpanzees to handle at least rudimentary stages of certain higher mental functions. This book discusses as well the communicative behavior of animals, which is similar to the rest of animal behavior in that it is governed by general perceptual, motor, motivational, and associative laws. The final chapter deals with the main accomplishments of a program designed to teach language to a chimpanzee.This book is a valuable resource for students and research workers.
The Concept of State Jurisdiction in International Space Law: A Study in the Progressive Development of Space law in the United Nations
by Imre Anthony CsabafiDr. Csabafi in his clearly and concisely written book sets out to confront the most pressing jurisdictional problems arising from the exploration and use of outer space, problems which the authors of the Outer Space Treaty of 27th January, 1967, have not attempted to solve. He has recognized that in view of the lack of sufficient knowledge of tech nological capabilities present and anticipated of the utilization of outer space and its political, economic and social implications, the time is not yet ripe for the elaboration of specific rules to govern most of the highly com plex issues in this context. Apart from the lack of sufficient knowledge and experience, the achieve ment of a consensus on rules regarding jurisdiction in outer space is further hampered by the strongly divergent interpretations of the fundamental prin ciples of the Outer Space Treaty namely the principle of freedom of outer space for exploration and use and the principle of non-appropriation of outer space. In various parts of his study Dr. Csabafi has, on the basis of a thorough study of the preparatory work of the Outer Space Treaty, ex pressed his views on the meaning of these principles.
The Concepts of Value: Foundations of Value Theory (Foundations of Language Supplementary Series #12)
by L. AschenbrennerThe task of presenting for explicit view the store of appraisive terms our language affords has been undertaken in the conviction that it will be of interest not only to ethics and other philosophical studies but also to various areas of social science and linguistics. I have principally sought to do justice to the complexities of this vocabulary, the uses to which it is put, and the capacities its use reflects. I have given little thought to whether the inquiry was philosophical and whether it was being conducted in a philosophical manner. Foremost in my thoughts were the tasks that appeared to need doing, among them these: explicit attention was to be given to the vocabulary by means of which we say we commend,judge, appraise, or evaluate subjects and subject matters in our experience; it was to be segregated from other language at least for the purpose of study; the types of appraisive resources that are at hand in a language such as English were to be classified in some convincing and not too artificial manner; and an empirical standpoint was to be developed for a better view of appraisal, evaluation, and judging within the framework of other ways we have of responding to our surround ings such as appetition and emotion on one side and factual registering and theorizing about states of affairs on the other. Such an inquiry has never been undertaken in quite this manner before.
Deutsches Strafrecht: Band 2 Das Verbrechen. Allgemeine Lehren
by Robert v. HippelDer im Jahre 1925 erschienene erste Band dieses Werkes behandelte in 4 Kapiteln den Gegenstand des Strafrechts, die geschichtliche Ent wicklung des deutschen Strafrechts, das Strafrecht des Auslandes und die Wirksamkeit des Strafrechts (Rechtsgrund, Zwecke, Kriminal politik). Er gab damit die systematischen, geschichtlichen, rechtsver gleichenden und kriminalpolitischen Grundlagen, die die notwendige Voraussetzung für jedes tiefere Verständnis des Strafrechts überhaupt wie des jeweils geltenden Strafrechts bilden. An die Spitze des jetzigen zweiten Bandes stelle ich einleitend und ergänzend eine Übersicht über die Entwicklung des Strafrechts im In- und Ausland in den letzten 5 Jahren, soweit erforderlich, mit kritischer Bewertung. Hauptinhalt des jetzigen Bandes ist die Darstellung der allgemeinen Lehren vom Verbrechen. Ihre Bearbeitung stellt die höchste dogmatische Aufgabe der Strafrechtswissenschaft dar. Denn hier handelt es sich um die allgemeinen Voraussetzungen und Schranken jeder Bestrafung, damit zugleich um die Grundlagen jeder richterlichen Tätigkeit bei Aburteilung irgendwelcher Delikte. Dieser Band ist daher in unmittelbarstem Sinne wie für die Wissenschaft, so für die gericht liche Praxis der Rechtsauslegung und Rechtsanwendung geschrieben. Auch diese dogmatische Gesamtdarstellung steht zugleich - wie jedes brauchbare Recht selbst - unter den kriminalpolitischen Gesichts punkten der Gerechtigkeit und Zweckmäßigkeit. Denn nur wer be stehendes Recht nach Entstehung und Inhalt zu bewerten vermag, ist imstande, es wirklich zu begreifen, es sachgemäß auszulegen, an zuwenden und fortzubilden. Bei dieser Aufgabe erwies sich mir Bd. I überall als die notwendige Vorarbeit und Grundlage.
Die Normierung der Abschreibung in Handels- und Steuerbilanz (Beiträge zur betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschung #37)
by Horst Dietz
Ethical Concepts and Problems (Selected Works of K.E. Logstrup)
by K. E. LøgstrupThis is first English edition of Ethical Concepts and Problems (1971) by Danish philosopher and theologian K. E. Løgstrup (1905-81). Originally published as a contribution to a textbook of ethics for students of theology, it propounds a philosophical ethics in continuity with Martin Luther's conception of the natural law. We find here the core idea from The Ethical Demand, that in our dealings with others we are faced with the demand that we take care of them, now conceptualized as the central tenet of an ontological ethics based on human interdependence as a fundamental condition of life. Later in his career, Løgstrup developed a conception of what he called 'the sovereign expressions of life'-spontaneous other-regarding impulses or ways of conduct such as trust, sincerity, and compassion-and these are here described and determined in their relation to the ethical demand and moral norms. Furthermore, this key text discusses a number of central ethical concepts such as duty, responsibility, will, and choice. Løgstrup also explores the relationship between love of the neighbour and politics, before finally concluding with an extensive discussion of political questions such as cultural policy, democracy, and the right of resistance. Ethical Concepts and Problems therefore offers an instructive survey of important parts of Løgstrup's ethical and political thinking, from theological issues like Luther's doctrine of the bondage of the will, to the ideas of philosophers such as Descartes, Kant, Nietzsche, and Kierkegaard. In this edition Løgstrup's original text is accurately rendered into readable English and paired with an introduction which explains the main themes and wider context of the work.
Freedom of Expression in Eighteenth Century Russia
by K.A. PapmehlThis study is an expanded and revised version of a thesis accepted for the Ph. D. Degree by the University of London in 1965. My sincere thanks go to Dr. Bertha Malnick, formerly of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, for her valuable advice, criticism, and encourage ment. Some of the material used in Chapters Three and Four has been published earlier in The Slavonic & East European Review, and I am grateful to the Editors of that journal for their kind permission to draw on it for the present purpose. Most of my research was carried out in the libraries of the British Museum and of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, and I wish to thank the many members of the staff of both these institutions who facilitated my labours. My thanks also go to the ladies of York University Secretarial Services involved in preparing the manuscript for the press. Finally, I must acknowledge the immense debt of gratitude lowe to my wife, without whose co-operation the whole project could never have materialised. The responsibility for all opinions expressed in this book and for all its shortcomings is entirely my own. Toronto, Canada December 1970 INTRODUCTION The eighteenth century for Russia marks the transition from the medieval (i. e. religious) to the modern European (i. e.
The Freewill Question
by W.H. DavisThis book is the result of a discontent on my part with (r) the super ficial and offhand way many determinists set forth their arguments, without the slightest hint of the difficulties which have been raised against those arguments, and (2) the fact that the chief and best argu ments of the libertarians are scattered allover the literature and are seldom if ever brought together in one package. may be taken as an effort to gather into one place Mostly this work and to express as cogently as possible the arguments for freewill. So far as I know all of the arguments we treat have been made before. Only toward the end of this work do I attempt to elaborate a point not heretofore emphasized. That point is that freedom of the will is a concept intimately entangled with the human power to reason, so that if one of these powers goes, the other must also go. Moreover, both the will and the reason are intimately tied up with our moral sensitivities, so that no one of these phenomena is intelligible without the others. Hints of these ideas abound, of course, in the literature, and the degree of originality claimed is minimal. The interconnections, however, between these three basic concepts of the will, the reason, and the good, are of such great importance and are so usually ignored that I feel our short statement of the situation warrants the reader's sympathetic attention.
Handbuch des österreichischen Verfassungsrechts (Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften #3)
by Ludwig AdamovichDie vierte Auflage des Grundrisses des Osterreiooischen StaatsreclJ.ts von LUDWIG AnAMOVICH ist 1947 als GrundriB des Osterreichisooen Verfassungsrechts erschienen. Meinem Vater war es nicht vergonnt, die von ihm bereits vorbereitete fiinfte Auflage vor seinem Hinscheiden am 23. September 1955 fertigzustellen. Dieser Aufgabe hat sich Herr Univ.-Prof. Dr. HANS SPANNER gewidmet. Ihm ist die Umgestaltung des Werkes zum Handbuch des osterreichischen VerfassungsreclJ.ts zu danken. Prof. SPANNER hat sich groBe Verdiensoo insbesondere durch die genaue und ausfiihrliche Behandlung des Osterreichischen Staats vertrages yom 15. Mai 1955 erworben, ferner durch die Erganzung des Abschnittes iiber die leitenden Grundsatze der Verfassung. Seither hat das osterreichische Verfassungsrecht eine geradezu stiirmische Entwicklung genommen und die Notwendigkeit einer weiteren Neuauflage wurde unausweichlich. Prof. SPANNER sah sich im Hinblick auf seine mittlerweile erfolgte Berufung in die Bundesrepublik Deutsch land nicht in der Lage, die Bearbeitung nochmals zu iibernehmen und hat dem Verlag vorgeschlagen, die Vorbereitung der sechsten Auflage mir zu iibertragen. Ich mochte Prof. SPANNER ebenso wie dem Verlag an dieser Stelle herzlich dafiir danken, daB mir Gelegenheit gegeben wurde, das Werk meines Vaters fortzufiihren. Seit Oktober 1956 im Verfassungsdienst des osterreichischen Bundeskanzleramtes tatig, konnte ich mir die Bewaltigung dieses ehrenvollen und schonen Auftrages immer hin zumuten, wenngleich ich mir stets der damit verbundenen Schwierig keiten bewuBt war.
Human Values and the Mind of Man: Proceedings etc... (Routledge Revivals)
by Ervin Laszlo James B. Wilbur Nfa*First Published in 1971, Human Values and the Mind of Man examines how value questions have been treated in traditional theories of human nature. It discusses the following topics: theory of mind as seen through the rules of the generation of languages; the implications for human value of automata theory; the nervous system, higher mental processes and human values; value consequences of various positions on the mind-body problem; the implications of self-actualization theory for human value; and specific value problems in the philosophy of mind. The book presents an interdisciplinary dialogue centred around thoughts about man and their implications for human action, decision, and nature of what we call the ‘human mind’. This book is an essential read for philosophers, psychologists, scientists, and humanists.
Human Values and the Mind of Man: Proceedings etc... (Routledge Revivals)
by Ervin Laszlo James B. WilburFirst Published in 1971, Human Values and the Mind of Man examines how value questions have been treated in traditional theories of human nature. It discusses the following topics: theory of mind as seen through the rules of the generation of languages; the implications for human value of automata theory; the nervous system, higher mental processes and human values; value consequences of various positions on the mind-body problem; the implications of self-actualization theory for human value; and specific value problems in the philosophy of mind. The book presents an interdisciplinary dialogue centred around thoughts about man and their implications for human action, decision, and nature of what we call the ‘human mind’. This book is an essential read for philosophers, psychologists, scientists, and humanists.
Internal War and the Search for Normative Order
by Roscoe Ralph OglesbyThe present study is concerned with the development and the applica tions of legal norms to situations of civil strife. It also deals in a less intensive way with problems of adjustment of these norms when the ambiance of the system changes. In particular it deals with the con cept of belligerent recognition, a standard well-suited to the needs of the international systeum nder a balance of power arrangement and to what extent this norm, which became fully developed during the nineteenth century, has been altered to meet the needs of the new international system which has been called a loose bipolar system. Revolution has been a classic theme of social and political thinkers throughout history. Some have regarded revolutions as completely unjustifiable, while others view them as a force for progress, if not the sole agent for major social adjustment. Political evolutionists re gard revolutions which erupt in social violence as necessary social con ditioning, as a way of selecting the political elite. Those who regard social violence as healthy and good, proceed to layout prudential rules for the conduct and successful conclusion of revolutions. Those who regard social violence as unhealthy and bad, tend to stress the norms of "law and order"; and to hurl at revolutionists the imprecations of a moral law which enjoins necessary obedience to authority. The present treatise pursues none of these interesting possibilities.
International Patent-Legislation and Developing Countries
by Ulf AnderfeltTHE INTERNATIONAL PATENT-LEGISLATION AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A major concern today in many fields of international cooperation is the development of the nonindustrialized part of the world. This was not always so. Until fairly recently contacts among States were basi cally limited to diplomatic intercourse. The concept of State sovereign ty naturally led to the application of the principle of legal reciprocity between States. In the few areas outside diplomatic relations where international cooperation developed during the last century the same principle of legal reciprocity was applied. The cooperation that did take place was mostly among a limited number of Western States. In case countries outside this group wished to participate they were free to do so on accepting the traditional standards for such cooperation. Though a few countries, which today would have been or are known as develop ing countries, did join in various schemes of international cooperation, the majority of them remained outside. Moreover, a large number of States, which today are known as developing, did not exist as sovereign States at the time. One of the areas in which a system of international cooperation was set up in the latter part of the nineteenth century was that of patent protection.
International Privileges and Immunities: A Case for a Universal Statute
by David B. MichalsSince World War I scholars and practitioners alike have addressed themselves to defining and assessing the "new diplomacy," which the British diplomatist Harold Nicolson has branded the "American method." He distinguishes contemporary practice from earlier forms of diplomacy which, in The Evolution of Diplomatic Method (1954), on the basis of historical orientation, he designates the Greek, Roman, Italian, and French "systems" of diplo macy, in this order. Intensified multilaterial, as differentiated from bilateral, diplomacy - or what Lord Maurice Hankey treats as Diplomacy by Con ference (1946) - has become one of the principal qualities characterizing twentieth century diplomatic usage. "Conference diplomacy," in turn, consists of both ad hoc and regularized components. The latter, sometimes designated "parliamentary diplomacy," is essentially a form of institutionalized conferencing permeating the func tioning of permanent mechanisms called international organizations. Within them member states pursue national and collective interests and espouse national policies, confer and negotiate respecting mutual problems, engage in forensic and often public exposition, and reduce decision making, but usually only ostensibly, to a formalized voting process.
Materiales Verfassungsverständnis: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der Verfassungsinterpretation (Forschungen aus Staat und Recht #15)
by Norbert WimmerDie Diskussion urn die Probleme der Verfassungsinterpretation ist in jiingster Zeit auch in der osterreichischen Verfassungsdogmatik wieder in FluB gekommen. Da das Bemiihen urn eine Thearie der Verfassungsinberpretation nicht zuletzt auch auf dem wrssenschafdi chen Selbstverstandnis des Einzelnen griitrdet, erscheint es folge richcig, daB eine einheitliche Auffassung zu diesem Thema nur schwer erreichbar tst. Allgemein anerkannte Grundgedanken und Gemein samkeiten in cler Erkenntnis der Verfassung treten nur allmahlich aus der Vielfalt moglicher Betrachtungsansatze hervor. Diese Schrift hat ihre Aufgabe .erfiillt, wenn sie einer - wenn auch gegensatzlichen - Weiterfiihrung cler Fragen der Verfassungsinterpretation dienlich sein kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Friihjahr 1970 abgeschlossen. Nach dies em Zeitpunkt veroffentlichtes Schrifttum konnte nur mehr in Anmerkungen verwertet werden. Mein besonderer Dank gilt Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. PETER PERN THALER. Ais mein Lehrer hat er mein wissenschaftliches Verstandnis geformt und mich bei cler Abfas'Sung dieser Arbeit stets ermutigt. Herr Univ.-Prof. Dr. GUNTHER WINKLER hat nicht nur die Aufn'ahme dieser Schrift in die Reihe "Forschungen aus Staat und Recht" er moglicht, sondern in ofiener, weiterfiihrender Kritik Wesentliches zur Klarung meiner Gedanken beigetragen. Dafiir sei ihmauch an dieser Stelle herzlichst gedankt. Schliefilich danke ich auch der Juri strschen Fakultat·· der Universitat Innsbruck, die diese Arbeit als Habilitationsschrift angenommen hat.
Norway’s Internal Migration to New Farms since 1920 (European Demographic Monographs #1)
by K.H. Stone
On the Good Life
by Cicero Grant MichaelFor the great Roman orator and statesman Cicero, 'the good life' was at once a life of contentment and one of moral virtue - and the two were inescapably intertwined. This volume brings together a wide range of his reflections upon the importance of moral integrity in the search for happiness. In essays that are articulate, meditative and inspirational, Cicero presents his views upon the significance of friendship and duty to state and family, and outlines a clear system of practical ethics that is at once simple and universal. These works offer a timeless reflection upon the human condition, and a fascinating insight into the mind of one of the greatest thinkers of Ancient Rome.
Österreichisches Staatskirchenrecht (Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften #23)
by Inge GamplDieses Buch ist ein erster Versuch, das geltende osterreichische Staats kircl1enrecht - von dem kiirzlich erst wieder gesagt wurde, es prasentiere sich als "uniibersichtlicher Dschungel" 1 - systematisch zu durchdringen. DaB auch andere Gesichtspunkte als die hier gewiihlten den Aufbau meines Systems hatten bestimmen k1:innen, solI keineswegs in Abrede gestellt werden; jedoch hoffe ich, dem Vorwurf zu entrinnen, es sei gerade der Weg beschritten worden, den von allen man nicht hatte gehen sollen. Auch iiber die Spannweite des Begriffes "Staatskirchenrecht" lassen sich verschiedene Meinungen vertreten. Fest steht wohl, daB der von ihm bezeichnete Normenkomplex im Laufe der Entwicklung immer heterogener geworden und zuletzt gar in Bereiche vorgestoBen ist, die zwar zu "Staat" und "Recht", nicht aber mehr zu "Kirche" im strengen Sinn des Wortes in Beziehung stehen. Das gilt nicht nur im Hinblick darauf, daB neben den Kirchen schon langst auch Religionsgesellschaften Normadressaten des Staats"kirchen"rechts sind, sondern weit mehr noch angesichts der un mittelbaren Einwirkungen der Grund- und Freiheitsrechte auf seine materielle Gestaltung.
