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Creation and Abortion: A Study in Moral and Legal Philosophy

Based on a non-consequentialist ethical theory, this book critically examines the prevalent view that if a fetus has the moral standing of a person, it has a right to life and abortion is impermissible. Most discussion of abortion has assumed that this view is correct, and so has focused on the question of the personhood of the fetus. Kamm begins by considering in detail the permissibility of killing in non-abortion cases which are similar to abortion cases. She goes on to consider the case for the permissibility of abortion in many types of pregnancies, including ones resulting from rape, voluntary pregnancy, and pregnancy resulting from a voluntary sex act, even if the fetus is considered a person. This argument emerges as part of a broader theory of creating new people responsibly. Kamm explores the implications of this argument for informed consent to abortion; responsibilities in pregnancy that is not aborted, and the significance of extra-uterine gestation devices for the permissibility of abortion.

The Transformation of American Law, 1870-1960: The Crisis of Legal Orthodoxy

When the first volume of Morton Horwitz's monumental history of American law appeared in 1977, it was universally acclaimed as one of the most significant works ever published in American legal history. The New Republic called it an "extremely valuable book." Library Journal praised it as "brilliant" and "convincing." And Eric Foner, in The New York Review of Books, wrote that "the issues it raises are indispensable for understanding nineteenth-century America." It won the coveted Bancroft Prize in American History and has since become the standard source on American law for the period between 1780 and 1860. Now, Horwitz presents The Transformation of American Law, 1870 to 1960, the long-awaited sequel that brings his sweeping history to completion. In his pathbreaking first volume, Horwitz showed how economic conflicts helped transform law in antebellum America. Here, Horwitz picks up where he left off, tracing the struggle in American law between the entrenched legal orthodoxy and the Progressive movement, which arose in response to ever-increasing social and economic inequality. Horwitz introduces us to the people and events that fueled this contest between the Old Order and the New. We sit in on Lochner v. New York in 1905--where the new thinkers sought to undermine orthodox claims for the autonomy of law--and watch as Progressive thought first crystallized. We meet Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and recognize the influence of his incisive ideas on the transformation of law in America. We witness the culmination of the Progressive challenge to orthodoxy with the emergence of Legal Realism in the 1920s and '30s, a movement closely allied with other intellectual trends of the day. And as postwar events unfold--the rise of totalitarianism abroad, the McCarthyism rampant in our own country, the astonishingly hostile academic reaction to Brown v. Board of Education--we come to understand that, rather than self-destructing as some historians have asserted, the Progressive movement was alive and well and forming the roots of the legal debates that still confront us today. The Progressive legacy that this volume brings to life is an enduring one, one which continues to speak to us eloquently across nearly a century of American life. In telling its story, Horwitz strikes a balance between a traditional interpretation of history on the one hand, and an approach informed by the latest historical theory on the other. Indeed, Horwitz's rich view of American history--as seen from a variety of perspectives--is undertaken in the same spirit as the Progressive attacks on an orthodoxy that believed law an objective, neutral entity. The Transformation of American Law is a book certain to revise past thinking on the origins and evolution of law in our country. For anyone hoping to understand the structure of American law--or of America itself--this volume is indispensable.

American Arbitration Law: Reformation--Nationalization--Internationalization

With an overburdened and cumbersome system of court litigation, arbitration is becoming an increasingly attractive means of settling disputes. Government enforcement of arbitration agreements and awards is, however, rife with tensions. Among them are tensions between freedom of contract and the need to protect the weak or ill-informed, between the protections of judicial process and the efficiency and responsiveness of more informal justice, between the federal government and the states. Macneil examines the history of the American arbitration law that deals with these and other tensions. He analyzes the personalities and forces that animated the passing of the United States Arbitration Act of 1925, and its later revolutionizing by the Supreme Court. Macneil also discusses how distorted perceptions of arbitration history in turn distort current law.

Human Liberty and Freedom of Speech

Although an inchoate liberty theory of freedom of speech has deep roots in Supreme Court decisions and political history, it has been overshadowed in judicial decisions and scholarly commentary by the marketplace of ideas theory. In this book, Baker critiques the assumptions required by the marketplace of ideas theory and develops the liberty theory, showing its philosophical soundness, persuasiveness, and ability to protect free speech. He argues that First Amendment liberty rights (as well as Fourteenth Amendment equality rights) required by political or moral theory are central to the possibility of progressive change. Problem areas are examined, including the question of whether individual political and civil rights can in principle be distinguished from property rights, freedom of the press, and the use of public spaces for expressive purposes.

The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest

Exploring the history of contemporary legal thought on the rights and status of the West's colonized indigenous tribal peoples, Williams here traces the development of the themes that justified and impelled Spanish, English, and American conquests of the New World.

Litigation and Inequality: Federal Diversity Jurisdiction in Industrial America, 1870-1958

Through the prism of litigation practice and tactics, Purcell explores the dynamic relationship between legal and social change. He studies changing litigation patterns in suits between individuals and national corporations over tort claims for personal injuries and contract claims for insurance benefits. Purcell refines the "progressive" claim that the federal courts favored business enterprise during this time, identifying specific manners and times in which the federal courts reached decisions both in favor of and against national corporations. He also identifies 1892-1908 as a critical period in the evolution of the twentieth century federal judicial system.

Affektdelikte: Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zur Beurteilung von affektiv akzentuierten Straftaten

Erstmals behandeln führende Vertreter der forensischen Wissenschaftszweige - Strafrechtler, Psychiater und Psychologen, Anwälte, Rechtsmediziner - interdisziplinär die Problemgeschichte, den gegenwärtigen Diskussionsstand und mögliche Lösungsansätze für die Beurteilung von Schuldfähigkeit bei Affektdelikten.Die Frage von Schuld, Schuldfähigkeit und Strafe wird aus unterschiedlicher Perspektive und mit durchaus divergierenden Auffassungen diskutiert.Das Buch ist aufschlußreich für jeden, der sich wissenschaftlich, als Gutachter oder in der gerichtlichen Praxis mit der Frage von Bewußtseinsveränderungen durch heftige Gemütserregung und mit Affektdelikten auseinandersetzen muß.

Arbeits- und Dienstrecht der Krankenhausärzte von A—Z

Arbeitsbuch Bürgerliches Recht 2: Mit Fragen und Lösungen zum Selbststudium (Springer-Lehrbuch)

Arzneimittel und Verantwortung: Grundlagen und Methoden der Pharmaethik

Bankenaufsicht und marktbezogenes Eigenkapital (Schriftenreihe für Kreditwirtschaft und Finanzierung #12)

Bankenregulierung in den USA: Defizite des Aufsichtsrechts (Schriftenreihe für Kreditwirtschaft und Finanzierung #15)

Bereicherungsrecht (Springer-Lehrbuch)

Bewertungsgesetz (Gabler-Studientexte)

Lernziel: Sie sollten nach Durcharbeiten dieses Kapitels mit den wesentlichen Bestimmungen des Bewertungsgesetzes vertraut sein. 1. Begriff der Bewertung und Bewertungsvorschriften Bewerten heißt, nicht in Geld bestehende und nicht aufGeld gerichtete Wirtschaftsgüter für Zwecke ihrer Besteuerung in Geld umzurechnen. Nach § 3 Abs. 1 der Abgabenordnung (AO) sind Steuern Geldleistungen. Bemessungsgrundlage für eine Steuerfestsetzung muß deshalb ein bestimmter Geldbetrag sein. Wirtschaftsgüter, die nicht in Geld bestehen, müssen daher, um Bemessungsgrundlage für eine Steuerfestsetzung zu sein, in Geld ausgedrückt werden. Die Nützlichkeit eines Wirtschaftsguts für die Menschen ist unterschiedlich. Deshalb hat auch ein Gegenstand für verschiedene Menschen einen unterschiedlichen Wert. Diese subjektive Einschätzung des Wertes eines Gegenstands kann aber nicht Grundlage der Besteuerung sein. Im Interesse der Gleichmäßigkeit der Besteuerung und der Rechtssicherheit muß deshalb eine gesetzliche Festlegung der Bewertung erfolgen. Die Regeln, nach denen die Sachgüter in Geld umgerechnet werden, nennt man Bewertungsvor­ schriften. Sie legen den Bewertungsgegenstand, den Bewertungsmaßstab, die Bewertungsmethode und den Bewertungszeitpunkt fest und regeln auch, für welche Steuern sie gelten.

Bewertungsmodelle als Entscheidungshilfe bei Umweltschutzinvestitionen (Reihe Wirtschaftswissenschaften)

BGB: Grundlagen (Gabler-Studientexte)

5. 2 Sachen im einzelnen 20 5. 2. 1 Begriff der Sache 20 5. 2. 2 Arten der Sache 20 5. 2. 3 Bestandteile 22 5. 2. 4 Zubehör 23 5. 2. 5 Früchte 23 5. 3 Rechte 24 5. 3. 1 Absolute und relative Rechte 24 5. 3. 2 Gestal tungsrech te 24 5. 3. 3 Gegenrechte 24 6. Allgemeine Vorschriften für Willenserklärungen und Rechtsgeschäfte 25 6. 1 Willenserklärung 25 6. 1. 1 Begriff der Willenserklärung 25 6. 1. 2 Wirksamwerden der Willenserklärung 25 6. 1. 3 Willensmängel 26 6. 1. 4 Anfechtung wegen arglistiger Täuschung und rechtswidriger Drohung 28 6. 2 Rechtsgeschäft 28 6. 2. 1 Begriff des Rechtsgeschäfts 28 6. 2. 2 Arten des Rechtsgeschäfts 28 7. Allgemeines Vertragsrecht 31 7. 1 Zustandekommen des Vertrags 31 7. 1. 1 Angebot und Annahme 31 7. 1. 2 Annahmefrist 31 7. 1. 3 Verspätete und modifizierte Annahmeerklärungen 32 7. 14 Schweigen im Rechtsverkehr 32 7. 2 Dissens beim Vertragsabschluß 33 7. 2. 1 Offener Dissens 33 7. 2. 2 Versteckter Dissens 33 8. Gesetz zur Regelung des Rechts der Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen 34 8. 1 Funktion der Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen 34 8. 2 Gesetzliche Regelung notwendig 35 8. 3 Begriff Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen 35 8. 4 Rechtsfolgen bei unwirksamen Klauseln 35 8. 5 Generalklausel für die Unwirksamkeit 35 8. 6 Katalog unwirksamer Klauseln 36 8. 6. 1 Klauseln mit Wertungsmöglichkeit 36 8. 6. 2 Unwirksame Klauseln 36 8. 6. 3 Gewährleistungsansprüche gegen Unternehmer 37 9.

BGB: Schuldrecht (Gabler-Studientexte)

Bioethics Yearbook: Theological Developments in Bioethics: 1990–1992 (Bioethics Yearbook #3)

As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different regions of the world. It is often difficult, however, to obtain accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withholding and withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in different religious traditions and regions. Volume Three discusses theological developments from 1990--1992 in Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Continental Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, Latter-Day Saint, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian traditions. Volume Four will continue coverage of official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world.

Biomarkers: Research and Application in the Assessment of Environmental Health (Nato ASI Subseries H: #68)

Biological markers used to assess the effects of environmental pollution have attracted considerable attention from regulatory agencies and are currently under evaluation at a number of research facilities throughout the world. However promising a biomarker-based biomonitoring approach may be, the development of this concept is complicated by a range of technical issues. This book provides a conceptional framework for research and application of biomarkers. International experts on biomonitoring have formulated a unified strategy for the development and validation of biomarkers in assessing environmental health as well as appropriate protocols for their implementation and interpretation in a biological monitoring program.

Biomedical Ethics Reviews · 1992 (Biomedical Ethics Reviews)

Biomedical Ethics Reviews: 1992 is the tenth volume in a series of texts designed to review and update the literature on issues of central importance in bioethics today. Two topics are discussed in the present volume: (1) Bioethics and the Military, and (2) Compulsory Birth Control. Each topic constitutes a separate section in our text; introductory essays briefly summarize the contents of each section. Bioethics is, by its nature, interdisciplinary in character. Recog­ nizing this fact, the authors represented in the present volume have made every effort to minimize the use of technical jargon. At the same time, we believe the purpose of providing a review of the recent literature, as well as of advancing bioethical discussion, is well served by the pieces collected herein. We look forward to the next volume in our series, and very much hope the reader will also. James M. Humber Robert F. Almeder vii Contributors Paul Christopher • Department of English and Philosophy Division, US Military Academy, West Point, New York Gerard Elfstrom • Department of Philosophy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama Nicholas Fotion • Department of Philosophy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Martin Gunderson • Department of Philosophy, Macalester College, St.

Braver Men Walk Away

First published in 1993 and now available as an ebook. The bestselling story of one man’s fight against terrorism.

Bürgerliches Recht: Ein einführendes Lehrbuch in das Zivil- und Zivilprozeßrecht (Springer-Lehrbuch)

Eine Vielzahl von Beispielen aus der Praxis und einprägsame Illustrationen machen in eingängiger Erläuterung vertraut mit den ersten drei Büchern des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches, dem Allgemeinen Teil, dem allgemeinen und besonderen Schuldrecht sowie den Grundzügen des Sachenrechts. Den StudentInnen an Universitäten, aber auch an Fachhochschulen, Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsakademien und -kammern bietet sich eine doppelt wertvolle Hilfe: Bei Studienbeginn zur Einarbeitung in das Bürgerliche Recht und vor dem Examen zur Verschaffung eines Überblicks. Das Buch basiert auf Erfahrungen des Autors aus seiner Lehrtätigkeit.

Bürgerliches Recht I: Fall · Systematik · Lösung Allgemeiner Teil

Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy (Issues in Business Ethics #5)

Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy presents a multicultural perspective of global business ethics with special emphasis on Japanese viewpoints. In contrast to the typical business ethics book written primarily from the viewpoint of Western culture and economy, the majority of the work is by Asian scholars, providing an historical overview of the religious, scientific and cultural phenomena which converged to create modern Japanese business ethics. Perspectives from socioeconomics, sociology, social contract and applied business ethics contribute to the analysis of moral issues. A new Japanese approach to moral science, Moralogy, is introduced and its implications for phenomena such as the Keiretsu system are explored. Concurrently, prominent Western ethicists explore the role of moral language and the implications of Kantian ethics and contractarian approaches for developing universal moral standards. Because Japan is an economic superpower, it is critical to understand the hidden economic culture, work ethic, and way of thinking in business. We must realize these are the results of an integration of historical factors, such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confuctianism and modern Western science and technology. Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy provides philosophical and anthropological analyses of the Japanese economic mind, departing from previous stereotyped approaches. Theoretical discussions based upon social contract theory are presented in order to build ethical norms with cross-cultural activity for multinational economic activities. From such a universal stance, practical proposals are presented to transnationalize the Keiretsu system and other Japanese economic institutions.

Can't We Make Moral Judgements?

In this book, Mary Midgely turns a spotlight on the fashionable view that we no longer need or use moral judgements. She shows how the question of whether or not we can make moral judgements must inevitably affect our attitudes to the law and its institutions, but also to events that occur in our daily lives.