- Table View
- List View
Survival of the Virtuous: The Evolution of Moral Psychology
by Dennis L. KrebsDo good guys finish last? Did we evolve to look out for number one? Are we bad by nature? At first glance, the theory of evolution seems to imply that all organisms are evolved to be selfish. In this book, evolutionary psychologist Dennis Krebs explains how virtuous behaviors such as altruism, justice, honesty, loyalty, self-control, purity, and respect for authority, have evolved in humans and other species. He argues that the key to solving puzzles of morality--such as what it is, how we acquire moral traits, why we sometimes behave badly, and how we make moral decisions--lies in figuring out what adaptive functions moral traits served in early human environments and how they are influenced by social learning, culture, and strategic social interactions in the modern world. Arguing that the primary function of virtuous behaviors is to enable individuals to advance their own interests and examining the moral decision-making mechanisms that evolved to serve these functions, this book considers the "new brain" mechanisms that are unique to humans and "old brain" mechanisms that we share with other species, illuminating how these work in conjunction with each other to guide our moral choices. Survival of the Virtuous is accessibly written for academic and scholarly readers interested in understanding how moral traits evolved in the human species.
Torture and Its Definition In International Law: An Interdisciplinary Approach
by Metİn BașoğluThis book presents an interdisciplinary approach to definition of torture by bringing together behavioral science and international law perspectives on torture. It is a collaborative effort by a group of prominent scholars of behavioral sciences, international law, human rights, and public health with internationally recognized expertise and authority in their field. It represents a first ever attempt to explore the scientific basis of legal understanding of torture and inform international law on various definitional issues by proposing a sound theory- and empirical-evidence-based psychological formulation of torture. Drawing on scientific evidence from the editor's 30 years of systematic research on torture, it proposes a learning theory formulation of torture based on the concept of helplessness under the control of others and offers an assessment methodology that can reduce the element of subjectivity in legal judgments in individual cases. It also demonstrates how this formulation can help understand the nature and severity of ill-treatments in different contexts, such as domestic violence and adverse conditions of penal confinement. Through a learning theory analysis of "enhanced interrogation techniques," it demonstrates not only why these techniques constitute torture but also how they help us understand the contextual defining characteristic of torture in general. The proposed formulation implies a broader concept of torture than previously understood, provides scientific and moral justification for the evolving trends in international law towards a broader coverage of ill-treatments in contexts beyond official custody and points to new directions of expansion of the concept. With a focus on the concepts of shame and humiliation and their evolutionary origin, the book explains why inhuman or degrading treatments can cause as much pain or suffering as physical torture. Although treatment issues are not covered, the book sheds light on potentially effective treatment approaches by offering important insights into psychology of torture.
Professional Management Consulting: A Guide for New and Emerging Consultants (Routledge-Solaris Applied Research in Business Management and Board Governance)
by Alan J. BlackmanAt a time when consulting has increasingly come under scrutiny by governments and communities, Professional Management Consulting: A Guide for New and Emerging Consultants redefines “management consulting” and reinforces what it means to be a professional. With a focus on the importance of ethical practice and continuous personal development for building reputation, this easy‑to‑read book sets a new benchmark for aspiring consultants.Based on sound research and supported by the author’s background in leadership, management consulting practice, research, business strategy, and academia over several decades, Blackman brings together a range of tried and tested theoretical models commonly used by successful consultants. Drawing on his own experiences as a director of the industry’s peak body, the International Council of Management Consulting Institutes, he provides a clear explanation on what a management consultant is and how and why clients use consultants to help them solve complex problems and manage change. With an emphasis on the importance of building and recognising relationships as a basis for problem‑solving and implementing change, this book is an essential contribution to the profession worldwide.This book is a vital resource for new and emerging professional consultants. It is suitable as an introductory text for business/commerce and engineering undergraduate students and a secondary reading for graduate students in engineering and management.
Stones and Lives: The Ethics of Protecting Heritage in War
by Helen Frowe Derek MatraversThe fate of heritage in war has attracted considerable attention in recent years, due in no small part to ISIS's campaign of destruction across the Middle East and, in 2012, the International Criminal Court's first prosecution of heritage destruction as a war crime. Regular armed forces have been criticised for both failing to protect and damaging heritage sites. In response, heritage organisations urge the better implementation of existing international laws on heritage protection in war. This book argues that any such law or policy will require combatants to choose between safeguarding heritage and safeguarding other goods, including human life. It thus challenges the view, repeatedly expressed by heritage professionals, that the choice between protecting heritage and protecting lives is a false dichotomy. Existing international law not only implies such choices but also, more worryingly, gives no indication of how they should be resolved. Drawing on contemporary work on the ethics of war, this book develops an account of the permissible protection of heritage in war. It argues that heritage is not morally special; rather, heritage is one of many goods that contribute to individuals' lives going well and that we routinely trade off against each other. By drawing on these more familiar dilemmas, we can make progress on how to balance the protection of heritage against risks to human life. Amongst other things, the book considers the different ways in which heritage might contribute to individual flourishing, the role of consent in justifying the imposition of risk on combatants and civilians, the permissibility of forcefully defending heritage and what, if anything, could compensate for the loss of heritage in war.
Stones and Lives: The Ethics of Protecting Heritage in War
by Helen Frowe Derek MatraversThe fate of heritage in war has attracted considerable attention in recent years, due in no small part to ISIS's campaign of destruction across the Middle East and, in 2012, the International Criminal Court's first prosecution of heritage destruction as a war crime. Regular armed forces have been criticised for both failing to protect and damaging heritage sites. In response, heritage organisations urge the better implementation of existing international laws on heritage protection in war. This book argues that any such law or policy will require combatants to choose between safeguarding heritage and safeguarding other goods, including human life. It thus challenges the view, repeatedly expressed by heritage professionals, that the choice between protecting heritage and protecting lives is a false dichotomy. Existing international law not only implies such choices but also, more worryingly, gives no indication of how they should be resolved. Drawing on contemporary work on the ethics of war, this book develops an account of the permissible protection of heritage in war. It argues that heritage is not morally special; rather, heritage is one of many goods that contribute to individuals' lives going well and that we routinely trade off against each other. By drawing on these more familiar dilemmas, we can make progress on how to balance the protection of heritage against risks to human life. Amongst other things, the book considers the different ways in which heritage might contribute to individual flourishing, the role of consent in justifying the imposition of risk on combatants and civilians, the permissibility of forcefully defending heritage and what, if anything, could compensate for the loss of heritage in war.
Natura 2000 – A Coherent Nature Conservation Network?: A Proposal for Reforming the Rules on Designation under the Habitats Directive
by Bettina KleiningThis book offers a fresh perspective on the Habitats Directive's rules on designating Natura 2000 - the European biodiversity conservation network. Although the Habitats Directive came into force in the early 1990s, the network is not yet optimally set up and lacks coherence and connectivity. The author examines the Habitats Directive’s provisions regarding the designation of Natura 2000 and discusses possible reasons for the EU Member States’ ongoing lack of compliance with their designation duties. She reassesses the 2015 REFIT Fitness Check of the Nature Directives to look for the Member States’ reasons for not having optimally complied with their designation duties yet. She then analyses the Habitats Directive to reveal elements of non-optimal drafting in its designation provisions. Sensible law reforms that do not interfere with the general framework of the Habitats Directive and which keep in mind the relevant national, regional, and international biodiversity law and policy,as well as the relevant case law will be discussed to this end. As a result, this book presents an enhanced legal designation framework that can support Member States’ compliance with their designation obligations. The book finally goes beyond the European biodiversity legislation, also shedding light on the effects of the suggested reforms for the broader biodiversity and environmental law and policy landscape, and concludes that reforming the Habitats Directive would benefit a variety of contemporary areas of law. This book targets academics and policy-makers in the field as it provides a scholarly as well as a hands-on approach to the subject of strengthening European biodiversity law.
Urban Vice Regulation Compared: How the Progressive Era’s Undercover Tactics Underwrote American Challenges to French Regulation (SpringerBriefs in Law)
by Jacqueline E. RossThis book uses the early twentieth century surveillance reports of urban vice reformers in New York, Chicago, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as well as the US vice report for the League of Nations’ Special Body on Trafficking in Women and Children (from 1927) and French police memoirs, treatises, and histories of vice enforcement in late nineteenth century and early twentieth century Paris to highlight the way in which American reliance on undercover tactics drove American vice enforcement policy, leading to a clash with French vice enforcement policy before the League of Nations. Both the failure of that early effort to exert international influence on vice enforcement and the American embrace of undercover tactics would set the stage for the later American efforts to promote a global war on drugs. Before the League of Nations, in particular, the American delegation’s notable lack of success in mobilizing European crackdowns on prostitution created a blueprint for how not to project American influence overseas, once American advocates of narcotics interdiction sought to promote a global war on drugs. Yet private reformers’ reliance on undercover tactics to investigate prostitution modeled the investigative tactics on which American law enforcement would come to depend, and which it would later seek to export, as a primary weapon in the war on drugs.
Climate Change and Finance: Navigating the Challenges and Opportunities in Capital Markets (Sustainable Finance)
by Nader NaifarFinancial markets play a critical role in climate finance as they are a major source of funding for many of the projects and initiatives aimed at addressing climate change. For instance, banks and investors can provide loans and capital to companies that are developing renewable energy projects, building energy-efficient infrastructure, or implementing climate-smart agricultural practices. Moreover, the importance of climate finance in financial markets goes beyond just funding environmental initiatives. Investors and financial institutions are increasingly factoring in climate risks and opportunities into their decision-making processes, including assessing the financial risks posed by climate change and the potential impact of new regulations and policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.This book is a collection of recent developments in climate change and climate finance. As the global community seeks to address the impacts of climate change, financial institutions are being called upon to play a larger role in supporting the transition to a sustainable economy. This includes incorporating climate risks into investment decisions, developing new financial products that support climate-friendly investments, and promoting greater transparency and accountability in the financial sector. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of how climate change is impacting the global financial system and explores the potential solutions that can help address these challenges. The contributions aim to examine the complex interplay between climate change and finance, and the potential for innovative financial instruments and policies to support the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Jacques Derrida on the Aporias of Hospitality
by Gerasimos KakolirisThe book systematically presents Derrida’s views on hospitality, as reflected in his texts and lectures from 1995 until his death in October 2004. Derrida’s engagement with hospitality is perhaps the most important and extensive philosophical attempt to respond critically to the growing hostility of many governments worldwide towards specific categories of foreigners, such as refugees and immigrants. Particular emphasis is placed on the ‘aporetic’ nature of hospitality that Derrida describes: namely, that, on the one hand, the provision of hospitality brings us face to face with the hyper-ethical ‘law’ of ‘unconditional hospitality,’ which requires the unconditional reception of the other, i.e. the provision of hospitality to the foreigner without conditions, restrictions or expecting anything in return. On the other hand, the provision of hospitality forces us to face the ‘conditional’ laws of hospitality, which, while establishing a right to and a duty of hospitality, simultaneously restrict hospitality by setting conditions for the arrival and stay of the foreigner. The book also analyses the ‘decision’ and the ‘event’ of hospitality, as well as the unresolved ‘aporia’ at the heart of the ethics of hospitality (or of ethics in general), an aporia or contradiction related to the fact that we cannot be hospitable towards a singularity without ‘sacrificing’ some other singularities. Attention is paid to Derrida’s attempt to open the provision of hospitality beyond humans, that is, to other living beings. Derrida’s views on hospitality are examined in the book in the light of the philosophical thought of Emmanuel Levinas, Immanuel Kant and René Schérer.
Companionship and Virtue in Classical Sufism: The Contribution of al-Sulami
by Jason WelleAl-Sulami (d. 412/1021) was an influential classical Sufi master whose works espoused companionship as a way for believers to experience God's guidance and cultivate religious virtues. This book provides a historical reconstruction of Sufi companionship in Khurasan in the period, arguing that al-Sulami's concept of suhba (companionship) envisioned the transformation of society as whole, not just the master-disciple relationship. Bringing debates in contemporary virtue ethics to bear on al-Sulami's spiritual method, the book offers an original analysis of the latter's thought that will be of interest to scholars of early Islam and classical Sufism as well as moral theologians interested in virtue ethics, character and friendship.
Companionship and Virtue in Classical Sufism: The Contribution of al-Sulami
by Jason WelleAl-Sulami (d. 412/1021) was an influential classical Sufi master whose works espoused companionship as a way for believers to experience God's guidance and cultivate religious virtues. This book provides a historical reconstruction of Sufi companionship in Khurasan in the period, arguing that al-Sulami's concept of suhba (companionship) envisioned the transformation of society as whole, not just the master-disciple relationship. Bringing debates in contemporary virtue ethics to bear on al-Sulami's spiritual method, the book offers an original analysis of the latter's thought that will be of interest to scholars of early Islam and classical Sufism as well as moral theologians interested in virtue ethics, character and friendship.
EU Competition Law: An Analytical Guide to the Leading Cases
by Dr Ariel Ezrachi'This book should be in the library of every competition law practitioner and academic. The summary of cases is first class. But what makes it really stand out is the quality of the commentary and the selection of the material which includes not only the most important European judgements and decisions but also some of the leading cases from the US and European Member States.' Ali Nikpay, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPThis unique book is designed as a working tool for the study and practice of European competition law, focused on case law analysis. Each chapter begins with an introduction which outlines the relevant laws, regulations and guidelines for each of the topics, setting the analytical foundations for the case entries. Within this framework, cases are reviewed in summary form, accompanied by useful analysis and commentary.The 8th edition includes recent judgments from the European Court of Justice and decisions from the European Commission on the scope of object and effects-based analysis, abuse of dominance, and merger control. It examines developments in regulation and the interface between new instruments, such as the DMA and DSA and competition law enforcement.
EU Competition Law: An Analytical Guide to the Leading Cases
by Dr Ariel Ezrachi'This book should be in the library of every competition law practitioner and academic. The summary of cases is first class. But what makes it really stand out is the quality of the commentary and the selection of the material which includes not only the most important European judgements and decisions but also some of the leading cases from the US and European Member States.' Ali Nikpay, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPThis unique book is designed as a working tool for the study and practice of European competition law, focused on case law analysis. Each chapter begins with an introduction which outlines the relevant laws, regulations and guidelines for each of the topics, setting the analytical foundations for the case entries. Within this framework, cases are reviewed in summary form, accompanied by useful analysis and commentary.The 8th edition includes recent judgments from the European Court of Justice and decisions from the European Commission on the scope of object and effects-based analysis, abuse of dominance, and merger control. It examines developments in regulation and the interface between new instruments, such as the DMA and DSA and competition law enforcement.
EU Trade and Investment Treaty-Making Post-Lisbon: Moving Beyond Mixity (Modern Studies in European Law)
by Gesa KübekThis book offers the first thorough legal analysis of the practice of mixity since the Lisbon Treaty, providing the perspectives of international, EU, and national law. It sets out a detailed theoretical understanding of mixity, the common commercial policy, and the recent case law of the EU Court of Justice. It assesses recent practice and current challenges, such as the non-ratification of mixed agreements, ensuring parliamentary participation in EU treaty-making, the new architecture for concluding EU trade and investment agreements, as well as the new trade agreement between the EU and the UK post-Brexit. In so doing, the author argues that in the field of trade and investment, mixity is no longer a procedural technique to overcome legal uncertainties about competence allocations between the EU and the Member States. Instead, mixity has become a deliberate substantive design choice. This brings a fresh and innovative perspective to a key tenet of EU external relations law.
EU Trade and Investment Treaty-Making Post-Lisbon: Moving Beyond Mixity (Modern Studies in European Law)
by Gesa KübekThis book offers the first thorough legal analysis of the practice of mixity since the Lisbon Treaty, providing the perspectives of international, EU, and national law. It sets out a detailed theoretical understanding of mixity, the common commercial policy, and the recent case law of the EU Court of Justice. It assesses recent practice and current challenges, such as the non-ratification of mixed agreements, ensuring parliamentary participation in EU treaty-making, the new architecture for concluding EU trade and investment agreements, as well as the new trade agreement between the EU and the UK post-Brexit. In so doing, the author argues that in the field of trade and investment, mixity is no longer a procedural technique to overcome legal uncertainties about competence allocations between the EU and the Member States. Instead, mixity has become a deliberate substantive design choice. This brings a fresh and innovative perspective to a key tenet of EU external relations law.
Tort Law: Cases and Materials
by Sarah Green Dr Jodi GardnerTort Law: Cases and Materials offers a fresh approach to the study of tort law. It is the essential companion to Green and Gardner's Tort Law textbook.Comprehensively covering the tort law curriculum, the inclusion of extracts from key cases, statutes, newspaper reports and articles demonstrates the law in action. The clear and insightful commentary accompanying each extract explains the significance of each and provides students with an enhanced understanding of the material, ensuring they can respond with depth and analysis in their essay questions.In addition to the standard and oft-cited materials, the expert authors have selected alternative voices, including feminist approaches, socio-legal perspectives and comparative material from multiple international jurisdictions. This provides students with a thorough and wide-ranging examination of tort law.Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsbury.pub/tort-law-2e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this book and are available at no extra cost.
Tort Law: Cases and Materials
by Sarah Green Dr Jodi GardnerTort Law: Cases and Materials offers a fresh approach to the study of tort law. It is the essential companion to Green and Gardner's Tort Law textbook.Comprehensively covering the tort law curriculum, the inclusion of extracts from key cases, statutes, newspaper reports and articles demonstrates the law in action. The clear and insightful commentary accompanying each extract explains the significance of each and provides students with an enhanced understanding of the material, ensuring they can respond with depth and analysis in their essay questions.In addition to the standard and oft-cited materials, the expert authors have selected alternative voices, including feminist approaches, socio-legal perspectives and comparative material from multiple international jurisdictions. This provides students with a thorough and wide-ranging examination of tort law.Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsbury.pub/tort-law-2e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this book and are available at no extra cost.
A Practitioner's Guide to Ancillary Orders in Criminal Courts (Criminal Practice Series)
by Elaine Freer Ryan Evans'Sets out the criteria and law surrounding orders and explains them clearly and in detail: it addresses an often overlooked area of the law but one that it is essential we understand and apply correctly.'Sir Brian Leveson, former President of the Queen's Bench Division, Head of Criminal Justice – in his Foreword to the first editionA Practitioner's Guide to Ancillary Orders in Criminal Courts sets out the law, application and analysis relating to ancillary orders that are available to criminal courts. It covers orders available on acquittal, such as Restraining Orders and Defence Costs Orders, as well as those available on conviction, such as Compensation Orders and Directors' Disqualification Orders.Many of these orders are available in the magistrates' courts as well as the Crown Court, therefore practitioners of all levels of experience and practice need to be aware of them. In addition to providing guidance on, and analysis of, those orders, this book also sets out the consequences of breaches.The Second Edition includes new coverage of the following orders:- Prohibition Order - Psychoactive Substances- Exclusion Order - Licensed PremisesThis book helps you to ensure that clients do not have an unwarranted or overly onerous order imposed on them. It is an easy reference guide for courts and advocates alike.
The Language of Contracts: A Handbook of Drafting Techniques
by Mr Ben StaveleyHow can drafters of English law contracts use language to insulate their contracts from the risk of an embarrassing and expensive dispute?This book aims to answer that question. It helps drafters to be clear at every level: to reflect a logical structure, to make clear how provisions work coherently alongside one another, and to make the intended meaning of the contract language so clear that no party could be tempted to argue that it means something else. Besides illustrating technical drafting techniques, the book prompts drafters to peer into an essentially unknowable future, so that their contracts operate resiliently if the unexpected happens. It is rooted in a study of how judges analyse language in the waves of contract dispute cases that reach the courts every year.The book answers questions such as:- What are the most common drafting traps and how can drafters avoid falling into them?- How can drafters eliminate uncertainties as to how different provisions work together, so that the contract works coherently as a whole?- What questions should drafters ask themselves to make sure their contracts cover all the ground they need to?The book distils the modern case law, and the rules of English grammar, into a checklist of recommendations for the busy practising drafter.This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's Company and Commercial Law online service.
Sports and Human Rights (Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights #10)
by Andreas R. Ziegler Sophie Weerts Véronique BoilletBased on a series of themes and case studies, this book aims to illustrate the impact of sports policies and practices on individuals and their identities, and to analyze the potential solutions offered by International human rights law (IHRL) for these infringements. It bridges the gap between IHRL and sports studies, and will be useful to scholars in both fields, especially those unfamiliar with each other’s work. Furthermore, by investigating the context of sport and its governance, this collection offers a series of valuable insights, enabling the development of an interpretation of ‘law in context’ for legal scholars in the field of human rights. As the governance and regulation of sport are seen as illustrations of other forms of normativity, this book also contributes to the conversation about the transnational dimension of law and legal orders. In this respect, it illustrates that normative autonomy in the field of sport, associated with the idea of lex sportiva, tends to be relative regarding IHRL. The sporting environment is not disconnected from major contemporary social issues: it constitutes a public space in which injustices can be denounced, but also the theater in which prejudices are perpetuated against various parties, such as athletes or workers. IHRL commonly addresses attacks on individual dignity and social justice issues by guaranteeing rights to individuals and offering them protection mechanisms. In this context, can IHRL solve the problems encountered in the sporting environment? This is the question that animates this volume. This is an open access book.
Cyber Sovereignty: International Security, Mass Communication, and the Future of the Internet (Global Power Shift)
by Lev ToporThe internet has become a battleground for global power struggles, with nations and even terrorist organizations wielding cyber-attacks to exert control. As the absence of binding international laws and norms leaves cyberspace largely unchecked, countries are seeking to establish their Sovereign Cyber Domains (SCD) - tightly controlled cyberspaces. In this illuminating monograph, the author explores how Russia, China, Iran, and others perceive the internet as a means for the United States and its allies to maintain global dominance and influence foreign audiences, driving their pursuit of strict regulations over domestic cyber affairs and mass communication. Yet, even the United States is now susceptible to foreign cyber operations, mainly foreign influence that undermines its domestic affairs. Even International Blocs like the European Union had expressed concerns about foreign influence and privacy rights abuses, leading to regulatory initiatives like the General Data Protection Regulation, Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act. As nations prioritize cybersecurity and sovereignty over free speech and convenience, the book predicts a future of increased regulation across all layers of the cyber domain, mirroring the historical emergence of the concept of sovereignty.Drawing on a combination of political science, international relations, and cyber domain practices, this monograph offers valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and students. By analyzing existing cyber sovereignty processes and predicting future trends, the book contributes to international relations theories, sheds light on the challenges of an unregulated cyber domain, and provides guidance for a secure and controlled digital future.
Portraits of Women in International Law: New Names and Forgotten Faces?
by Immi TallgrenCurrent histories seem to suggest that men alone have been capable of the development of ideas, analysis, and practice of international law until the 1990s. Is this the case? Or have others been erased from the collective images of this history, including the portrait gallery of notables in international law? Portraits of Women in International Law: New Names and Forgotten Faces? investigates the slow and late inclusion of women in the spheres of knowledge and power in international law. The forty-two textual and visual representations by a diverse team of passionate portraitists represent women and gender non-conforming people in international law from the fourteenth century onwards around the world: individuals and groups who imagined, developed, or contested international law; who earned their living in its institutions; or who, even indirectly, may have changed its course. This rich volume calls for a critical identification of the formal and informal institutional practices, norms, and rituals of (white) masculinities, both in the past and in the research of international law today. By abandoning reductive histories, their biased frames, and tacit assumptions, this work brings previously unseen glimpses of international law and its agents, ideas, causes, behaviour, norms, and social practices into the spotlight.
Heineken in Africa: A Multinational Unleashed
by Olivier van BeemenFor Heineken, "rising Africa" is already a reality: the profits it extracts there are almost 50 per cent above the global average, and beer costs more in some African countries than it does in Europe. Heineken claims its presence boosts economic development on the continent. But is this true? Investigative journalist Olivier van Beemen has spent years seeking the answer, and his conclusion is damning: Heineken has hardly benefited Africa at all. On the contrary, there are some shocking skeletons in its African closet: tax avoidance, sexual abuse, links to genocide and other human rights violations, high-level corruption, crushing competition from indigenous brewers, and collaboration with dictators and pitiless anti-government rebels. Heineken in Africa caused a political and media furor on publication in The Netherlands, and was debated in their Parliament. It is an unmissable exposé of the havoc wreaked by a global giant seeking profit in the developing world.
The Identity of Governments in International Law (Oxford Monographs in International Law)
by Niko PavlopoulosThe Identity of Governments in International Law provides a comprehensive account of the international legal regulation of governmental status. It examines the fundamental conceptual aspects of the government of a state in international law, before analysing the law concerning the recognition of governments and the criteria for governmental status under customary international law. It also explores matters concerning the identity of governments in the context of international organizations. Presenting the positive international legal framework concerning the regulation of governmental status, the book engages extensively with historical and contemporary examples, such as the rival governments of Cambodia (1970-75; 1979-89, 1997-98); the recognition of the Taliban (1996-2001; and again beginning in 2021); and the contested identity of Venezuela's president (beginning in 2019). Given the pre-eminence of states in international law and the importance of governments to the representation of states, the systematic examination of practice grounded in solid conceptual foundations renders this book a useful reference point for scholars and practitioners in all fields of international law and beyond.
Labour Law in Hungary
by József HajdúDerived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this monograph on Hungary not only describes and analyses the legal aspects of labour relations, but also examines labour relations practices and developing trends. It provides a survey of the subject that is both usefully brief and sufficiently detailed to answer most questions likely to arise in any pertinent legal setting. Both individual and collective labour relations are covered in ample detail, with attention to such underlying and pervasive factors as employment contracts, suspension of the contracts, dismissal laws and covenant of non-competition, as well as international private law. The author describes all important details of the law governing hours and wages, benefits, intellectual property implications, trade union activity, employers’ associations, workers’ participation, collective bargaining, industrial disputes, and much more. Building on a clear overview of labour law and labour relations, the book offers practical guidance on which sound preliminary decisions may be based. It will find a ready readership among lawyers representing parties with interests in Hungary, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative trends in laws affecting labour and labour relations.