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Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science (Springer Handbooks)
by Lorenzo Magnani Tommaso BertolottiThis handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.
Mathematics for the IB MYP 4 & 5: By Concept (MYP By Concept (PDF))
by Rita BatesonA concept-driven and assessment-focused approach developed exclusively with the IB.- Supports every aspect of assessment- Gives you easy ways to differentiate and extend learning- Applies global contexts in meaningful ways.
Challenges in Fluid Dynamics: A New Approach
by R. Kh. ZeytounianThis monograph presents a synopsis of fluid dynamics based on the personal scientific experience of the author who has contributed immensely to the field. The interested reader will also benefit from the general historical context in which the material is presented in the book. The book covers a wide range of relevant topics of the field, and the main tool being rational asymptotic modelling (RAM) approach. The target audience primarily comprises experts in the field of fluid dynamics, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Agent-Based Modelling in Population Studies: Concepts, Methods, and Applications (The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis #41)
by André Grow Jan Van BavelThis book examines the use of agent-based modelling (ABM) in population studies, from concepts to applications, best practices to future developments. It features papers written by leading experts in the field that will help readers to better understand the usefulness of ABM for population projections, how ABM can be injected with empirical data to achieve a better match between model and reality, how geographic information can be fruitfully used in ABM, and how ABM results can be reported effectively and correctly.Coverage ranges from detailing the relation between ABM and existing paradigms in population studies to infusing agent-based models with empirical data. The papers show the benefits that ABM offers the field, including enhanced theory formation by better linking the micro level with the macro level, the ability to represent populations more adequately as complex systems, and the possibility to study rare events and the implications of alternative mechanisms in artificial laboratories.In addition, readers will discover guidelines and best practices with detailed examples of how to apply agent-based models in different areas of population research, including human mating behaviour, migration, and socio-structural determinants of health behaviours.Earlier versions of the papers in this book have been presented at the workshop “Recent Developments and Future Directions in Agent-Based Modelling in Population Studies,” which took place at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium, in September 2014. The book will contribute to the development of best practices in the field and will provide a solid point of reference for scholars who want to start using agent-based modelling in their own research.
Essential Maths Skills for AS/A Level Business (Essential Maths Skills)
by Mike Pickerden Charlotte Wright"The worked examples and guided questions are invaluable, and are a particular strength of this text, as they help to prepare the students to tackle the practice questions. Having exam-style questions (at the end) is another very good feature of this book. All of the examples and questions use appropriate and relevant business-related scenarios... I am confident that this book will achieve the aim of helping A/AS Business students develop their maths skills and enhance their understanding of the subject." Michaela Cottee, Principal Lecturer in Statistics, Hertfordshire Business School. If you struggle with calculating profit or working out unit costs, this is the book for you. This textbook companion will help improve your essential maths skills for business, whichever awarding body specification you're following. You can use it throughout your course, whenever you feel you need some extra help.- Develop your understanding of both maths and business with all worked examples and questions within a business context- Improve your confidence with a step-by-step approach to every maths skill- Measure your progress with guided and non-guided questions to see how you're improving- Understand where you're going wrong with full worked solutions to every question - Feel confident in expert guidance from experienced teacher Charlotte Wright and Principal Examiner Mike Pickerden; reviewed by Dr Michaela Cottee, Principal Lecturer in Statistics at Hertfordshire Business School
Dirac Matter (Progress in Mathematical Physics #71)
by Bertrand Duplantier Vincent Rivasseau Jean-Nöel FuchsThis fifteenth volume of the Poincare Seminar Series, Dirac Matter, describes the surprising resurgence, as a low-energy effective theory of conducting electrons in many condensed matter systems, including graphene and topological insulators, of the famous equation originally invented by P.A.M. Dirac for relativistic quantummechanics. In five highly pedagogical articles, as befits their origin in lectures to a broad scientific audience, this book explains why Dirac matters. Highlights include the detailed "Graphene and Relativistic Quantum Physics", written by the experimental pioneer, Philip Kim, and devoted to graphene, a formof carbon crystallized in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, from its discovery in 2004-2005 by the future Nobel prize winners Kostya Novoselov and Andre Geim to the so-called relativistic quantum Hall effect; the review entitled "Dirac Fermions in Condensed Matter and Beyond", written by two prominent theoreticians, Mark Goerbig and Gilles Montambaux, who consider many other materials than graphene, collectively known as "Dirac matter", and offer a thorough description of the merging transition of Dirac cones that occurs in the energy spectrum, in various experiments involving stretching of the microscopic hexagonal lattice; the third contribution, entitled "Quantum Transport in Graphene: Impurity Scattering as a Probe of the DiracSpectrum", given by Hélène Bouchiat, a leading experimentalist in mesoscopic physics, with Sophie Guéron and Chuan Li, shows how measuring electrical transport, in particular magneto-transport in real graphene devices - contaminated by impurities and hence exhibiting a diffusive regime - allows one to deeply probe the Dirac nature of electrons. The last two contributions focus on topological insulators; in the authoritative "Experimental Signatures of Topological Insulators", Laurent Lévy reviews recent experimental progress in the physics of mercury-telluride samples under strain, which demonstrates that the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator hosts a two-dimensional massless Dirac metal; the illuminating final contribution by David Carpentier, entitled "Topology of Bands in Solids: From Insulators to Dirac Matter", provides a geometric description of Bloch wave functions in terms of Berry phases and parallel transport, and of their topological classification in terms of invariants such as Chern numbers, and ends with a perspective on three-dimensional semi-metals as described by the Weyl equation. This book will be of broad general interest to physicists, mathematicians, and historians of science.
Essential Maths Skills for AS/A Level Computer Science (Essential Maths Skills)
by Victoria Ellis Gavin CraddockIf you struggle with binary multiplication, or Big O Notation, this is the book for you. This textbook companion will help improve your essential maths skills for computer science, whichever awarding body specification you're following. You can use it throughout your course, whenever you feel you need some extra help.- Develop your understanding of both maths and computer science with all worked examples and questions within a computer science context- Improve your confidence with a step-by-step approach to every maths skill- Measure your progress with guided and non-guided questions to see how you're improving- Understand where you're going wrong with full worked solutions to every question - Feel confident in expert guidance from experienced teachers and examiners Victoria Ellis and Gavin Craddock, reviewed by Dr Kathleen Maitland, Senior Lecturer in Computing and Director of the SAS Student Academy at Birmingham City University
Essential Maths Skills for AS/A Level Economics (Essential Maths Skills)
by Tracey Joad Peter DavisIf you struggle with index numbers or calculations of elasticity, this is the book for you. This textbook companion will help improve your essential maths skills for economics, whichever awarding body specification you're following. You can use it throughout your course, whenever you feel you need some extra help.- Develop your understanding of both maths and economics with all worked examples and questions within a economics context- Improve your confidence with a step-by-step approach to every maths skill- Measure your progress with guided and non-guided questions to see how you're improving- Understand where you're going wrong with full worked solutions to every question - Feel confident in expert guidance from experienced teacher Peter Davis and examiner Tracey Joad, reviewed by Colin Bamford, Professor of Transport and Logistics at University of Huddersfield and former Chief Examiner
Essential Maths Skills for AS/A Level Psychology (Essential Maths Skills)
by Molly MarshallIf your students struggle with standard deviation or statistical tests, this is the book for them. This textbook companion will help improve their essential maths skills for psychology, whichever awarding body specification you're following. You can use it throughout the course, whenever you feel they need some extra help.- Develop understanding of both maths and psychology with all worked examples and questions within a psychology context- Improve confidence with a step-by-step approach to every maths skill- Measure progress with guided and non-guided questions- Understand misconceptions with full worked solutions to every question- Feel confident in expert guidance from experienced teacher and examiner Molly Marshall, reviewed by Dorothy Coombs, Editor of ATP Today, former Chair of the Association for the Teaching of Psychology and experienced biology, psychology and FSMQ Statistics teacher
Singularities of Robot Mechanisms: Numerical Computation and Avoidance Path Planning (Mechanisms and Machine Science #41)
by Oriol Bohigas Montserrat Manubens Lluís RosThis book presents the singular configurations associated with a robot mechanism, together with robust methods for their computation, interpretation, and avoidance path planning. Having such methods is essential as singularities generally pose problems to the normal operation of a robot, but also determine the workspaces and motion impediments of its underlying mechanical structure. A distinctive feature of this volume is that the methods are applicable to nonredundant mechanisms of general architecture, defined by planar or spatial kinematic chains interconnected in an arbitrary way. Moreover, singularities are interpreted as silhouettes of the configuration space when seen from the input or output spaces. This leads to a powerful image that explains the consequences of traversing singular configurations, and all the rich information that can be extracted from them. The problems are solved by means of effective branch-and-prune and numerical continuation methods that are of independent interest in themselves. The theory can be put into practice as well: a companion web page gives open access to implementations of the algorithms and the corresponding input files. Using them, the reader can gain hands-on experience on the topic, or analyse new mechanisms beyond those examined in the text. Overall, the book contributes new tools for robot design, and constitutes a single reference source of knowledge that is otherwise dispersed in the literature.
Innovative Assessment of Collaboration (Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment)
by Alina A. von Davier Mengxiao Zhu Patrick C. KyllonenThis edited volume provides a platform for experts from various fields to introduce and discuss their different perspectives on the topic of teamwork and collaborative problem solving. It brings together researchers in organizational teaming, educational collaboration, tutoring, simulation, and gaming as well as those involved in statistical and psychometric process modelling. This book seeks to channel this expertise towards advances in the measurement and assessment of cognitive and non-cognitive skills of individuals and teams.
Impactful Times: Memories of 60 Years of Shock Wave Research at Sandia National Laboratories (Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena)
by James R. Asay Lalit C. Chhabildas R. Jeffery Lawrence Mary Ann SweeneyThis book presents a history of shock compression science, including development of experimental, material modeling, and hydrodynamics code technologies over the past six decades at Sandia National Laboratories. The book is organized into a discussion of major accomplishments by decade with over 900 references, followed by a unique collection of 45 personal recollections detailing the trials, tribulations, and successes of building a world-class organization in the field. It explains some of the challenges researchers faced and the gratification they experienced when a discovery was made. Several visionary researchers made pioneering advances that integrated these three technologies into a cohesive capability to solve complex scientific and engineering problems. What approaches worked, which ones did not, and the applications of the research are described. Notable applications include the turret explosion aboard the USS Iowa and the Shoemaker-Levy comet impact on Jupiter. The personal anecdotes and recollections make for a fascinating account of building a world-renowned capability from meager beginnings. This book will be inspiring to the expert, the non expert, and the early-career scientist. Undergraduate and graduate students in science and engineering who are contemplating different fields of study should find it especially compelling.
Practical Decision Making: An Introduction to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Using Super Decisions V2 (SpringerBriefs in Operations Research)
by Enrique Mu Milagros Pereyra-RojasThis book offers a simple introduction to the fundamentals and applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) without a pre-requisite for a sophisticated mathematical background. It provides a quick and intuitive understanding of the methodology using spreadsheet examples and explains in a step-by-step fashion how to use Super Decisions, a freely available software developed by the Creative Decisions Foundations. The book is intended to be a resource for decision makers with little or no exposure to the field of Operations Research (OR); however, the book can be used as a very gentle introduction to the AHP methodology and/or as an AHP hands-on supplement for standard OR textbooks. AHP is an intuitive and mathematically simple methodology in the field of multi-criteria decision making. Because of this, most AHP books assume the reader has basic OR mathematical background. However, AHP simplicity suggests that decision makers from all disciplines can take advantage of the methodology without struggling with the mathematics behind it. To fulfill this need, this book delivers a quick and practical understanding of the method that can be useful for corporate executives.
Portfolio Construction, Measurement, and Efficiency: Essays in Honor of Jack Treynor
by John B. Guerard Jr.This volume, inspired by and dedicated to the work of pioneering investment analyst, Jack Treynor, addresses the issues of portfolio risk and return and how investment portfolios are measured. In a career spanning over fifty years, the primary questions addressed by Jack Treynor were: Is there an observable risk-return trade-off? How can stock selection models be integrated with risk models to enhance client returns? Do managed portfolios earn positive, and statistically significant, excess returns and can mutual fund managers time the market? Since the publication of a pair of seminal Harvard Business Review articles in the mid-1960’s, Jack Treynor has developed thinking that has greatly influenced security selection, portfolio construction and measurement, and market efficiency. Key publications addressed such topics as the Capital Asset Pricing Model and stock selection modeling and integration with risk models. Treynor also served as editor of the Financial Analysts Journal, through which he wrote many columns across a wide spectrum of topics. This volume showcases original essays by leading researchers and practitioners exploring the topics that have interested Treynor while applying the most current methodologies. Such topics include the origins of portfolio theory, market timing, and portfolio construction in equity markets. The result not only reinforces Treynor’s lasting contributions to the field but suggests new areas for research and analysis.
The Disorder of Mathematics Education: Challenging the Sociopolitical Dimensions of Research
by Hauke Straehler-Pohl Nina Bohlmann Alexandre PaisResearch within a socio-political paradigm or “turn” has been gradually recognized and institutionalized as an important part of mathematics education. This book focuses on the neglected problems, tensions and contradictions evoked by this process. The authors do this by challenging current regimes of truth about mathematics education; by identifying how recent technological developments challenge or suspend contemporary conceptions of mathematics education; by critiquing the ideological entanglement of mathematics, its education and schooling with capitalism; by self-reflective analyses of researchers' impacts on shaping what is and can be perceived as the practice of mathematics education (research); and by confronting main-stream mathematics education with socio-political contexts that are usually neglected. In this way, "mathematical rationality" becomes contextualized within contemporary society, where it reproduces itself through technologies, social practices, media and other spheres of social life.
Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems: New Findings and Approaches
by Franz-Josef Kahlen Shannon Flumerfelt Anabela AlvesThis book presents an internationally comprehensive perspective into the field of complex systems. It explores the challenges of and approaches to complexity from a broad range of disciplines, including big data, health care, medicine, mathematics, mechanical and systems engineering, air traffic control and finance. The book’s interdisciplinary character allows readers to identify transferable and mutually exclusive lessons learned among these disciplines and beyond. As such, it is well suited to the transfer of applications and methodologies between ostensibly incompatible disciplines. This book provides fresh perspectives on comparable issues of complexity from the top minds on systems thinking.
Creativity and Giftedness: Interdisciplinary perspectives from mathematics and beyond (Advances in Mathematics Education #6)
by Roza Leikin Bharath SriramanThis volume provides readers with a broad view on the variety of issues related to the educational research and practices in the field of Creativity in Mathematics and Mathematical Giftedness. The book explores (a) the relationship between creativity and giftedness; (b) empirical work with high ability (or gifted) students in the classroom and its implications for teaching mathematics; (c) interdisciplinary work which views creativity as a complex phenomena that cannot be understood from within the borders of disciplines, i.e., to present research and theorists from disciplines such as neuroscience and complexity theory; and (d) findings from psychology that pertain the creatively gifted students. As a whole, this volume brings together perspectives from mathematics educators, psychologists, neuroscientists, and teachers to present a collection of empirical, theoretical and philosophical works that address the complexity of mathematical creativity and giftedness, its origins, nature, nurture and ways forward. In keeping with the spirit of the series, the anthology substantially builds on previous ZDM volumes on interdisciplinarity (2009), creativity and giftedness (2013).
The Mathematics Education of Prospective Secondary Teachers Around the World (ICME-13 Topical Surveys)
by Marilyn E. Strutchens Rongjin Huang Leticia Losano Despina Potari Márcia Cristina Cyrino João Pedro da Ponte Rose Mary ZbiekThis volume shares and discusses significant new trends and developments in research and practices related to various aspects of preparing prospective secondary mathematics teachers from 2005–2015. It provides both an overview of the current state-of-the-art and outstanding recent research reports from an international perspective. The authors completed a thorough review of the literature by examining major journals in the field of mathematics education, and other journals related to teacher education and technology. The systematic review includes four major themes: field experiences; technologies, tools and resources; teachers' knowledge; and teachers' professional identities. Each of them is presented regarding theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and major findings. Then the authors discuss what is known in the field and what we still need to know related to the major topics.
Graph-Based Modelling in Engineering (Mechanisms and Machine Science #42)
by Stanisław Zawiślak Jacek RysińskiThis book presents versatile, modern and creative applications of graph theory in mechanical engineering, robotics and computer networks. Topics related to mechanical engineering include e.g. machine and mechanism science, mechatronics, robotics, gearing and transmissions, design theory and production processes. The graphs treated are simple graphs, weighted and mixed graphs, bond graphs, Petri nets, logical trees etc. The authors represent several countries in Europe and America, and their contributions show how different, elegant, useful and fruitful the utilization of graphs in modelling of engineering systems can be.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering (Multiple Criteria Decision Making)
by Constantin Zopounidis Michael DoumposThis book presents a broad range of innovative applications and case studies in all areas of management and engineering, including public administration, finance, marketing, engineering, transportation, and energy systems. It addresses issues related to problem structuring, preference modeling, and model construction, presenting a framework that provides clear decision-making support in practice. In addition, it includes hybrid and integrated techniques combining multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) with other analytical methods. The book reflects the growing impact of MCDM in the field of management science and operations research. Building on recent and established theoretical advances and presenting their applications in specific domains, it offers a comprehensive resource for researchers, graduate students and professionals alike.
Singularities in Geometry, Topology, Foliations and Dynamics: A Celebration of the 60th Birthday of José Seade, Merida, Mexico, December 2014 (Trends in Mathematics)
by José Luis Cisneros-Molina Dũng Tráng Lê Mutsuo Oka Jawad SnoussiThis book features state-of-the-art research on singularities in geometry, topology, foliations and dynamics and provides an overview of the current state of singularity theory in these settings.Singularity theory is at the crossroad of various branches of mathematics and science in general. In recent years there have been remarkable developments, both in the theory itself and in its relations with other areas.The contributions in this volume originate from the “Workshop on Singularities in Geometry, Topology, Foliations and Dynamics”, held in Merida, Mexico, in December 2014, in celebration of José Seade’s 60th Birthday.It is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in singularity theory and its impact on other fields.
All Sides to an Oval: Properties, Parameters, and Borromini's Mysterious Construction
by Angelo Alessandro MazzottiThis is the only book dedicated to the Geometry of Polycentric Ovals. It includes problem solving constructions and mathematical formulas. For anyone interested in drawing or recognizing an oval, this book gives all the necessary construction and calculation tools. More than 30 basic construction problems are solved, with references to Geogebra animation videos, plus the solution to the Frame Problem and solutions to the Stadium Problem.A chapter (co-written with Margherita Caputo) is dedicated to totally new hypotheses on the project of Borromini’s oval dome of the church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome. Another one presents the case study of the Colosseum as an example of ovals with eight centres.The book is unique and new in its kind: original contributions add up to about 60% of the whole book, the rest being taken from published literature (and mostly from other work by the same author). The primary audience is: architects, graphic designers, industrial designers, architecture historians, civil engineers; moreover, the systematic way in which the book is organised could make it a companion to a textbook on descriptive geometry or on CAD.
Handbook of Ocean Wave Energy (Ocean Engineering & Oceanography #7)
by Arthur Pecher Jens Peter KofoedThis book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license.This book offers a concise, practice-oriented reference-guide to the field of ocean wave energy. The ten chapters highlight the key rules of thumb, address all the main technical engineering aspects and describe in detail all the key aspects to be considered in the techno-economic assessment of wave energy converters. Written in an easy-to-understand style, the book answers questions relevant to readers of different backgrounds, from developers, private and public investors, to students and researchers. It is thereby a valuable resource for both newcomers and experienced practitioners in the wave energy sector.