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Nonlinearity, Complexity and Randomness in Economics: Towards Algorithmic Foundations for Economics (Surveys of Recent Research in Economics #8)
by Stefano Zambelli Donald A. R. GeorgeNonlinearity, Complexity and Randomness in Economics presents a variety of papers by leading economists, scientists, and philosophers who focus on different aspects of nonlinearity, complexity and randomness, and their implications for economics. A theme of the book is that economics should be based on algorithmic, computable mathematical foundations. Features an interdisciplinary collection of papers by economists, scientists, and philosophers Presents new approaches to macroeconomic modelling, agent-based modelling, financial markets, and emergent complexity Reveals how economics today must be based on algorithmic, computable mathematical foundations
ELECTRIMACS 2019: Selected Papers - Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #697)
by Walter Zamboni Giovanni PetroneThis book collects a selection of papers presented at ELECTRIMACS 2019 - The 13th international conference of the IMACS TC1 Committee, held in Salerno, Italy, on 21st-23rd May 2019. The conference papers deal with modelling, simulation, analysis, control, power management, design optimization, identification and diagnostics in electrical power engineering. The main application fields include electric machines and electromagnetic devices, power electronics, transportation systems, smart grids, electric and hybrid vehicles, renewable energy systems, energy storage, batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells, wireless power transfer. The contributions included in Volume 2 are particularly focussed on methodological aspects, modelling and applied mathematics in the field of electrical engineering.
Random Obstacle Problems: École d'Été de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XLV - 2015 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2181)
by Lorenzo ZambottiStudying the fine properties of solutions to Stochastic (Partial) Differential Equations with reflection at a boundary, this book begins with a discussion of classical one-dimensional diffusions as the reflecting Brownian motion, devoting a chapter to Bessel processes, and moves on to function-valued solutions to SPDEs. Inspired by the classical stochastic calculus for diffusions, which is unfortunately still unavailable in infinite dimensions, it uses integration by parts formulae on convex sets of paths in order to describe the behaviour of the solutions at the boundary and the contact set between the solution and the obstacle. The text may serve as an introduction to space-time white noise, SPDEs and monotone gradient systems. Numerous open research problems in both classical and new topics are proposed.
Hemo-Dynamics (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Mair ZamirPraise for Hemo-Dynamics: “This book provides an elegant and intuitive derivation of the fundamental mathematics underlying fluid flow, and then applies these in a straightforward way to pulsatile blood flow in all its complexity. One of the triumphs of the book is that Zamir succeeds in making essential concepts such as the Navier-Stokes equations completely accessible to any reader with a knowledge of basic calculus. The author succeeds in conveying both the beauty of his subject matter, and his passion for the elegance and intricacies of fluid flow more generally.” Lindi Wahl, PhD, Professor of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario “Incredible, the figures alone are to die for… At first glance “Hemo-Dynamics” seems like a deep engineering and modeling dive into the mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system, blood, and how they interact to generate flow and pressure. However, the text is laid out in a stepwise manner and I was especially impressed in the way that the key conceptual figures illustrate the essential concepts. In keeping with the philosophical underpinnings of engineering, Professor Zamir has also constructed his book so that the format, text, equations and the figures are self-reinforcing. This isa book that will be of great use to those who seek to understand the cardiovascular system from a mechanical and modeling perspective.” Michael J. Joyner, MD, Professor of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Modeling Conflict Dynamics with Spatio-temporal Data (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Andrew Zammit-Mangion Michael Dewar Visakan Kadirkamanathan Anaïd Flesken Guido SanguinettiThis authored monograph presents the use of dynamic spatiotemporal modeling tools for the identification of complex underlying processes in conflict, such as diffusion, relocation, heterogeneous escalation, and volatility. The authors use ideas from statistics, signal processing, and ecology, and provide a predictive framework which is able to assimilate data and give confidence estimates on the predictions. The book also demonstrates the methods on the WikiLeaks Afghan War Diary, the results showing that this approach allows deeper insights into conflict dynamics and allows a strikingly statistically accurate forward prediction of armed opposition group activity in 2010, based solely on data from preceding years. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and practitioners in the involved fields but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
An Introduction to Data Analysis in R: Hands-on Coding, Data Mining, Visualization and Statistics from Scratch (Use R!)
by Alfonso Zamora Saiz Carlos Quesada González Lluís Hurtado Gil Diego Mondéjar RuizThis textbook offers an easy-to-follow, practical guide to modern data analysis using the programming language R. The chapters cover topics such as the fundamentals of programming in R, data collection and preprocessing, including web scraping, data visualization, and statistical methods, including multivariate analysis, and feature exercises at the end of each section. The text requires only basic statistics skills, as it strikes a balance between statistical and mathematical understanding and implementation in R, with a special emphasis on reproducible examples and real-world applications. This textbook is primarily intended for undergraduate students of mathematics, statistics, physics, economics, finance and business who are pursuing a career in data analytics. It will be equally valuable for master students of data science and industry professionals who want to conduct data analyses.
Geometric Invariant Theory, Holomorphic Vector Bundles and the Harder-Narasimhan Filtration (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Alfonso Zamora Saiz Ronald A. Zúñiga-RojasThis book introduces key topics on Geometric Invariant Theory, a technique to obtaining quotients in algebraic geometry with a good set of properties, through various examples. It starts from the classical Hilbert classification of binary forms, advancing to the construction of the moduli space of semistable holomorphic vector bundles, and to Hitchin’s theory on Higgs bundles. The relationship between the notion of stability between algebraic, differential and symplectic geometry settings is also covered.Unstable objects in moduli problems -- a result of the construction of moduli spaces -- get specific attention in this work. The notion of the Harder-Narasimhan filtration as a tool to handle them, and its relationship with GIT quotients, provide instigating new calculations in several problems. Applications include a survey of research results on correspondences between Harder-Narasimhan filtrations with the GIT picture and stratifications of the moduli space of Higgs bundles.Graduate students and researchers who want to approach Geometric Invariant Theory in moduli constructions can greatly benefit from this reading, whose key prerequisites are general courses on algebraic geometry and differential geometry.
Difficoltà in matematica: Osservare, interpretare, intervenire (Convergenze)
by Rosetta ZanIl volume affronta il problema delle difficoltà in matematica in contesto scolastico: fenomeno diffuso e preoccupante, che a volte si manifesta in forme di rifiuto totale della disciplina e della razionalità che la caratterizza, e davanti al quale l'insegnante si sente impotente e frustrato. Il testo intende dare strumenti agli insegnanti per affrontare questo problema. Insistendo sulla necessità di uscire dall'approccio locale che caratterizza l'intervento di recupero tradizionale, centrato sugli errori e sulle conoscenze necessarie per dare riposte corrette, e che si rivela per lo più fallimentare, propone un approccio alternativo centrato invece sull'allievo. L'intervento di recupero diventa allora l'ultimo momento di un processo che vede l'insegnante coinvolto in prima persona nell'osservazione e nell'interpretazione dei comportamenti degli allievi. In questa ottica è quindi importante poter disporre di strumenti d'osservazione alternativi, e di un repertorio di interpretazioni possibili per i comportamenti osservati: e proprio alla costruzione di questi strumenti e di questo repertorio è dedicata gran parte del volume.
Computation for Humanity: Information Technology to Advance Society (Computational Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Dynamic Systems)
by Justyna Zander Pieter J. MostermanThe exponential progress and accessibility of computing has vastly increased data flows and revolutionized the practice of science, engineering, and communication. Computing plays a critical role in advancing research across almost every scientific discipline. Computation for Humanity: Information Technology to Advance Society is a guide for the creation of services, products, and tools that facilitate, support, and enhance progress of humanity toward more sustainable life. This book: Provides a deep understanding of the practical applications of computation to solve human-machine problems Delivers insight into theoretical approaches in an accessible manner Provides a comprehensive overview of computational science and engineering applications in selected disciplines Crosses the boundaries between different domains and shows how they interrelate and complement one another Focuses on grand challenges and issues that matter for the future of humanity Shows different perspectives of computational thinking, understanding, and reasoning Provides a basis for scientific discoveries and enables adopting scientific theories and engineering practices from other disciplines Takes a step back to provide a human-related abstraction level that is not ultimately seen in pure technological elaborations/collections The editors provide a collection of numerous computation-related projects that form a foundation from which to cross-pollinate between different disciplines and further extensive collaboration. They present a clear and profound understanding of computing in today's world, and provide fundamental solutions to some of the most pertinent humanity-related problems.
Data Analysis, Classification and the Forward Search: Proceedings of the Meeting of the Classification and Data Analysis Group (CLADAG) of the Italian Statistical Society, University of Parma, June 6-8, 2005 (Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization)
by Sergio Zani Andrea Cerioli Marco Riani Maurizio VichiThis book presents new developments in data analysis, classification and multivariate statistics, and in their algorithmic implementation. The volume offers contributions to the theory of clustering and discrimination, multidimensional data analysis, data mining, and robust statistics with a special emphasis on the novel Forward Search approach. Many papers provide significant insight in a wide range of fields of application. Customer satisfaction and service evaluation are two examples of such emerging fields.
Transport Processes in Space Physics and Astrophysics: Problems And Solutions (Lecture Notes in Physics #877)
by Gary P. Zank“Transport Processes in Space Physics and Astrophysics” is aimed at graduate level students to provide the necessary mathematical and physics background to understand the transport of gases, charged particle gases, energetic charged particles, turbulence, and radiation in an astrophysical and space physics context. Subjects emphasized in the work include collisional and collisionless processes in gases (neutral or plasma), analogous processes in turbulence fields and radiation fields, and allows for a simplified treatment of the statistical description of the system. A systematic study that addresses the common tools at a graduate level allows students to progress to a point where they can begin their research in a variety of fields within space physics and astrophysics. This book is for graduate students who expect to complete their research in an area of plasma space physics or plasma astrophysics. By providing a broad synthesis in several areas of transport theory and modeling, the work also benefits researchers in related fields by providing an overview that currently does not exist. For numerous interesting and challenging space physics and astrophysics problems, there is a need to describe the “long-term” behavior of systems governed by macroscopic laws and microscopic randomness. A random event has an outcome that is uncertain and unpredictable, yet the collective behavior of a system can be governed by well defined mathematical and physical principles. Examples of physical problems include the behavior of gases in the presence of microscopic inter-particle collisions, the evolution of a gas of charged protons and electrons (a plasma), the collective propagation of solar energetic particles or cosmic rays in a magnetically turbulent medium, the collective behavior of dust in an accretion disk subject to coagulation and destruction, the evolution of low-frequency magnetic field turbulence in the inhomogeneous solar wind, or the transport of photos in a partially ionized interstellar medium. This book provides graduate students with a unified introduction to the physics of collective phenomena or transport processes for gases (charged and uncharged), fields, and photons in a space physics or astrophysics context.
The Economic Lifecycle, Gender and Intergenerational Support: National Transfer Accounts for Italy (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Marina ZannellaThis book examines economic transfers across generations and genders from a European perspective. It addresses key challenges that contemporary societies face in regards to ageing, welfare sustainability, and intergenerational and gender equity. Coverage also offers important insights into an often invisible side of the economy, namely the contribution of women who because of the gender contract largely engage in unpaid work in the household. The book presents a detailed analysis of resource reallocation across population members in Italy, which encompasses the age and the gender perspective, the public and the private sector, and the market and non-market dimensions of the Italian economy. This innovative and comprehensive case study presents valuable information on how intergenerational obligations are split between the family and the state. The author also explores the possible economic consequences of future ageing by using demographic projections and estimated age profiles of production and consumption. By incorporating services originating from unpaid work in its analysis, this monograph corrects the traditional under-evaluation of the ways homemakers contribute to the economy and offers an important addition to studies on generational economy, the National Transfer Accounts project in particular. The methods presented inside, though using data specific to Italy, are relevant for all European countries and will appeal to readers with an interest in welfare studies and policies.
Colloquium De Giorgi 2009 (Publications of the Scuola Normale Superiore #3)
by Umberto ZannierSince 2001 the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa has organized the "Colloquio De Giorgi", a series of colloquium talks named after Ennio De Giorgi. The Colloquio is addressed to a general mathematical audience, and especially meant to attract graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. The lectures are intended to be not too technical, in fields of wide interest. They must provide an overview of the general topic, possibly in a historical perspective, together with a description of more recent progress. The idea of collecting the materials from these lectures and publishing them in annual volumes came out recently, as a recognition of their intrinsic mathematical interest, and also with the aim of preserving memory of these events.
Colloquium De Giorgi 2010-2012 (Publications of the Scuola Normale Superiore #4)
by Umberto ZannierSince 2001 the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa has organized the "Colloquio De Giorgi", a series of colloquium talks named after Ennio De Giorgi. The Colloquio is addressed to a general mathematical audience, and especially meant to attract graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. The lectures are intended to be not too technical, in fields of wide interest. They must provide an overview of the general topic, possibly in a historical perspective, together with a description of more recent progress. The idea of collecting the materials from these lectures and publishing them in annual volumes came out recently, as a recognition of their intrinsic mathematical interest, and also with the aim of preserving memory of these events.
Colloquium De Giorgi 2013 and 2014 (Publications of the Scuola Normale Superiore #5)
by Umberto ZannierSince 2001 the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa has organized the "Colloquio De Giorgi", a series of colloquium talks named after Ennio De Giorgi. The Colloquio is addressed to a general mathematical audience, and especially meant to attract graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. The lectures are intended to be not too technical, in fields of wide interest. They must provide an overview of the general topic, possibly in a historical perspective, together with a description of more recent progress. The idea of collecting the materials from these lectures and publishing them in annual volumes came out recently, as a recognition of their intrinsic mathematical interest, and also with the aim of preserving memory of these events.
Lecture Notes on Diophantine Analysis (Publications of the Scuola Normale Superiore #8)
by Umberto ZannierThese lecture notes originate from a course delivered at the Scuola Normale in Pisa in 2006. Generally speaking, the prerequisites do not go beyond basic mathematical material and are accessible to many undergraduates. The contents mainly concern diophantine problems on affine curves, in practice describing the integer solutions of equations in two variables. This case historically suggested some major ideas for more general problems. Starting with linear and quadratic equations, the important connections with Diophantine Approximation are presented and Thue's celebrated results are proved in full detail. In later chapters more modern issues on heights of algebraic points are dealt with, and applied to a sharp quantitative treatment of the unit equation. The book also contains several supplements, hinted exercises and an appendix on recent work on heights.
On Some Applications of Diophantine Approximations: A translation of C.L. Siegel’s Über einige Anwendungen diophantischer Approximationen, with a commentary by C. Fuchs and U. Zannier) (Publications of the Scuola Normale Superiore #2)
by Umberto ZannierThis book consists mainly of the translation, by C. Fuchs, of the 1929 landmark paper "Über einige Anwendungen diophantischer Approximationen" by C.L. Siegel. The paper contains proofs of most important results in transcendence theory and diophantine analysis, notably Siegel’s celebrated theorem on integral points on algebraic curves. Many modern versions of Siegel’s proof have appeared, but none seem to faithfully reproduce all features of the original one. This translation makes Siegel’s original ideas and proofs available for the first time in English. The volume also contains the original version of the paper (in German) and an article by the translator and U. Zannier, commenting on some aspects of the evolution of this field following Siegel’s paper. To end, it presents three modern proofs of Siegel’s theorem on integral points.
Some Problems of Unlikely Intersections in Arithmetic and Geometry (AM-181)
by Umberto Zannier David MasserThis book considers the so-called Unlikely Intersections, a topic that embraces well-known issues, such as Lang's and Manin-Mumford's, concerning torsion points in subvarieties of tori or abelian varieties. More generally, the book considers algebraic subgroups that meet a given subvariety in a set of unlikely dimension. The book is an expansion of the Hermann Weyl Lectures delivered by Umberto Zannier at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in May 2010. The book consists of four chapters and seven brief appendixes, the last six by David Masser. The first chapter considers multiplicative algebraic groups, presenting proofs of several developments, ranging from the origins to recent results, and discussing many applications and relations with other contexts. The second chapter considers an analogue in arithmetic and several applications of this. The third chapter introduces a new method for approaching some of these questions, and presents a detailed application of this (by Masser and the author) to a relative case of the Manin-Mumford issue. The fourth chapter focuses on the André-Oort conjecture (outlining work by Pila).
Some Problems of Unlikely Intersections in Arithmetic and Geometry (AM-181)
by Umberto Zannier David MasserThis book considers the so-called Unlikely Intersections, a topic that embraces well-known issues, such as Lang's and Manin-Mumford's, concerning torsion points in subvarieties of tori or abelian varieties. More generally, the book considers algebraic subgroups that meet a given subvariety in a set of unlikely dimension. The book is an expansion of the Hermann Weyl Lectures delivered by Umberto Zannier at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in May 2010. The book consists of four chapters and seven brief appendixes, the last six by David Masser. The first chapter considers multiplicative algebraic groups, presenting proofs of several developments, ranging from the origins to recent results, and discussing many applications and relations with other contexts. The second chapter considers an analogue in arithmetic and several applications of this. The third chapter introduces a new method for approaching some of these questions, and presents a detailed application of this (by Masser and the author) to a relative case of the Manin-Mumford issue. The fourth chapter focuses on the André-Oort conjecture (outlining work by Pila).
Playing with Infinity: Turtles, Patterns, and Pictures (AK Peters/CRC Recreational Mathematics Series)
by Hans ZantemaThis is a book about infinity - specifically the infinity of numbers and sequences. Amazing properties arise, for instance, some kinds of infinity are argued to be greater than others. Along the way the author will demonstrate how infinity can be made to create beautiful ‘art’, guided by the development of underlying mathematics. This book will provide a fascinating read for anyone interested in number theory, infinity, math art, and/or generative art, and could be used a valuable supplement to any course on these topics.Features: Beautiful examples of generative art Accessible to anyone with a reasonable high school level of mathematics Full of challenges and puzzles to engage readers
Playing with Infinity: Turtles, Patterns, and Pictures (AK Peters/CRC Recreational Mathematics Series)
by Hans ZantemaThis is a book about infinity - specifically the infinity of numbers and sequences. Amazing properties arise, for instance, some kinds of infinity are argued to be greater than others. Along the way the author will demonstrate how infinity can be made to create beautiful ‘art’, guided by the development of underlying mathematics. This book will provide a fascinating read for anyone interested in number theory, infinity, math art, and/or generative art, and could be used a valuable supplement to any course on these topics.Features: Beautiful examples of generative art Accessible to anyone with a reasonable high school level of mathematics Full of challenges and puzzles to engage readers
Functional Analysis, Holomorphy, and Approximation Theory
by Guido I. ZapataThis book contains papers on complex analysis, function spaces, harmonic analysis, and operators, presented at the International seminar on Functional Analysis, Holomorphy, and Approximation Theory held in 1979. It is addressed to mathematicians and advanced graduate students in mathematics.
Functional Analysis, Holomorphy, and Approximation Theory
by Guido I. ZapataThis book contains papers on complex analysis, function spaces, harmonic analysis, and operators, presented at the International seminar on Functional Analysis, Holomorphy, and Approximation Theory held in 1979. It is addressed to mathematicians and advanced graduate students in mathematics.
Metaheuristic Search Concepts: A Tutorial with Applications to Production and Logistics
by Günther Zäpfel Roland Braune Michael BöglIn many decision problems, e.g. from the area of production and logistics manage ment, the evaluation of alternatives and the determination of an optimal or at least suboptimal solution is an important but dif?cult task. For most such problems no ef?cient algorithm is known and classical approaches of Operations Research like Mixed Integer Linear Programming or Dynamic Pro gramming are often of limited use due to excessive computation time. Therefore, dedicated heuristic solution approaches have been developed which aim at providing good solutions in reasonable time for a given problem. However, such methods have two major drawbacks: First, they are tailored to a speci?c prob lem and their adaption to other problems is dif?cult and in many cases even impos sible. Second, they are typically designed to “build” one single solution in the most effective way, whereas most decision problems have a vast number of feasible solu tions. Hence usually the chances are high that there exist better ones. To overcome these limitations, problem independent search strategies, in particular metaheuris tics, have been proposed. This book provides an elementary step by step introduction to metaheuristics focusing on the search concepts they are based on. The ?rst part demonstrates un derlying concepts of search strategies using a simple example optimization problem.
Nexus of Sustainability: Understanding of FEWSE Systems І (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #559)
by Artur Zaporozhets Viacheslav Bogdanov Anatoly ZagorodnyThe intricate interplay between food, energy, water, societal dynamics, and the environment constitutes the bedrock of contemporary global challenges. In recent decades, this convergence has emerged as a focal point for scientific inquiry, policy formulation, and societal discourse. This book seeks to meticulously unravel the complexities inherent in this nexus, shedding profound light on the interconnected risks, vulnerabilities, and transformative opportunities that define our quest for sustainability in the twenty-first century. The materials of this book were prepared mainly by authors working on the joint project between the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine “Integrated robust modeling and management of food-energy-water-land use nexus for sustainable development”, and on the project “Comprehensive analysis of robust preventive and adaptive measures of food, energy, water, and social management in the context of systemic risks and consequences of COVID-19” (0122U000552) of the NAS of Ukraine. Members of the System Analysis Committee of the NAS of Ukraine were also involved in the preparation of book chapters. The authors dedicate this book to the memory of the Academician of NAS of Ukraine, Professor Yuri Ermoliev, who died in October 2022 and made a fundamental contribution to stochastic optimization as a basic tool for quantitative risk management. This book largely follows his ideas about risk management and its applications.