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A Transformation Theory of Aesthetics
by Michael StephanThis book develops a theory of picture perception and aesthetic response, arguing that images can generate in us a complex pattern of mental changes, or transformations. It is essential reading to those seriously involved in linking the arts and cognitive sciences.
Transformations in the Global Political Economy (International Political Economy Series)
by Dennis Clark Pirages Christine Sylvester Dennis C. PiracesThis book brings together a collection of essays that focus on the various dimensions of this transformation and prospects for future changes. The book begins with an analytical essay that offers an overview of causes of change in the global political economy.
Truth and Belief: Interpretation and Critique of the Analytical Theory of Religion (Studies in Philosophy and Religion #14)
by H.E. HofmeisterThe task of the following considerations is the elucidation of the relationship of religion to thought. Every philosophical investigation with this task proceeds under the expectation that it will take into account religious self-understanding. Herein lies the special difficulty of a philosophical theory of religion. On the one hand, the philosopher of religion may not assume this self-understanding in order to avoid offering a religious theory (a theology) instead of the philosophical theory expected from him. On the other hand, he cannot by-pass religious self-understanding because this is the key to insight into the uniqueness of religious discourse. Without knowledge of this uniqueness, it is impossible to indicate the conditions under which religious statements lead to the question of truth. Even if religion cannot prescribe to philosophical investigation, whose methods the latter must apply to examine its object, it may in addition require that the standard by which it is measured be suited to grasp those special characteristics which mark it as different from other realms of life. Therefore, it may be required of the philosophical interpretation, that the question of the legitimacy and validity of religious self-understanding be treated from the very beginning as an open one, and not as one already decided. If this question is rashly decided in the negative, then all analysis of religious propositions is necessarily done along the guidelines of a method that in its foundation masks of the religious thematic.
Truth or Consequences: Essays in Honor of Nuel Belnap
by M. Dunn Krister SegerbergThe essays in this collection are written by students, colleagues, and friends of Nuel Belnap to honor him on his sixtieth birthday. Our original plan was to include pieces from fonner students only, but we have deviated from this ever so slightly for a variety of personal and practical reasons. Belnap's research accomplishments are numerous and well known: He has founded (together with Alan Ross Anderson) a whole branch of logic known as "relevance logic." He has made contributions of fundamental importance to the logic of questions. His work in modal logic, fonnal pragmatics, and the theory of truth has been highly influential. And the list goes on. Belnap's accomplishments as a teacher are also distinguished and well known but, by virtue of the essential privacy of the teaching relationship, not so well understood. We would like to reflect a little on what makes him such an outstanding teacher.
Twilight of Idols and Anti-Christ: Or How To Philosophize With A Hammer (Cambridge Texts In The History Of Philosophy Ser.)
by Friedrich Nietzsche R. J. Hollingdale Michael Tanner'Twilight of the Idols', an attack on all the prevalent ideas of his time, offers a lightning tour of his whole philosophy. It also prepares the way for 'The Anti-Christ', a final assault on institutional Christianity. Both works show Nietzsche lashing out at self-deception, astounded at how often morality is based on vengefulness and resentment. Both reveal a profound understanding of human mean-spiritedness which still cannot destroy the underlying optimism of Nietzsche, the supreme affirmer among the great philosophers.
Uncertainty and Quality in Science for Policy (Theory and Decision Library A: #15)
by S.O. Funtowicz J.R. RavetzThis book explains the notational system NUSAP (Numeral, Unit, Spread, Assessment, Pedigree) and applies it to several examples from the environmental sciences. The authors are now making further extensions of NUSAP, including an algorithm for the propagation of quality-grades through models used in risk and safety studies. They are also developing the concept of `Post-normal Science', in which quality assurance of information requires the participation of `extended peer-communities' lying outside the traditional expertise.
Understanding Schooling: An Introductory Sociology of Australian Education
by Miriam Henry John Knight Robert Lingard Sandra TaylorFirst published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Understanding Schooling: An Introductory Sociology of Australian Education
by Miriam Henry John Knight Robert Lingard Sandra TaylorFirst published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Understanding Skills: Thinking, Feeling, and Caring (Routledge Revivals)
by Robin BarrowIt is widely agreed that education should involve the development of understanding, critical thinking, imagination, and emotions. However, this book, first published in 1990, argues that our views to these key concepts are confused and inaccurate, and therefore what we do in schools is generally inappropriate to our ideal. This book will be of interest to students of education and philosophy.
Understanding Skills: Thinking, Feeling, and Caring (Routledge Revivals)
by Robin BarrowIt is widely agreed that education should involve the development of understanding, critical thinking, imagination, and emotions. However, this book, first published in 1990, argues that our views to these key concepts are confused and inaccurate, and therefore what we do in schools is generally inappropriate to our ideal. This book will be of interest to students of education and philosophy.
Understanding War: An Essay on the Nuclear Age (Points of Conflict)
by W B *Decd* W. B. GallieFirst published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Understanding War: An Essay on the Nuclear Age (Points of Conflict)
by W B *Decd* W. B. GallieFirst published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The US-Turkish-NATO Middle East Connection: How the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's NATO Entry Contained the Soviets
by George McGheeThis book describes the historical background of the Middle East and, in particular, Turkey, prior to the end of World War II. It takes up the various steps taken by the United States to combat Soviet moves after the war to take over this strategic area. It describes the inception of the Truman Doctrine to rearm and strengthen Greece and Turkey in the face of British withdrawal, the unsuccessful efforts made by the United States and Britain to establish a Middle East command or defense organisation, and the successful U.S. efforts to get Turkey into NATO, which blocked Soviet entry. '...Ambassador McGhee has chronicled the events which led to Turkey's accession to NATO with great clarity and in a most interesting and readable fashion. He throws a fascinating light on the relationship between the United States of America and Turkey and the personalities involved. This book not only deserves to be read, but it deserves study by all of those who are interested in Defence and Foreign Affairs.' Lord Carrington
The Vatican, the Law and the Human Embryo
by Michael CoughlanAn exploration of the basis on which the Vatican presumes to proclaim universally binding prescriptions, paying particular attention to those concerning the value of human life. Against this background, the book assesses the demand that an embryo should be treated as a person.
Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-century political thought and practice (Routledge Revivals)
by Richard BellamyFirst published in 1990, Victorian Liberalism brings together leading political theorists and historians in order to examine the interplay of theory and ideology in nineteenth-century liberal thought and practice. Drawing on a wide range of source material, the authors examine liberal thinkers and politicians from Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill to William Gladstone and Joseph Chamberlain. Connections are drawn throughout between the different languages which made-up liberal discourse and the relations between these vocabularies and the political movements and changing social reality they sought to explain. The result is a stimulating volume that breaks new ground in the study of political history and the history of political thought.
Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-century political thought and practice (Routledge Revivals)
First published in 1990, Victorian Liberalism brings together leading political theorists and historians in order to examine the interplay of theory and ideology in nineteenth-century liberal thought and practice. Drawing on a wide range of source material, the authors examine liberal thinkers and politicians from Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill to William Gladstone and Joseph Chamberlain. Connections are drawn throughout between the different languages which made-up liberal discourse and the relations between these vocabularies and the political movements and changing social reality they sought to explain. The result is a stimulating volume that breaks new ground in the study of political history and the history of political thought.
The Wartime Diaries of Lionel Robbins and James Meade, 1943–45
by Lionel Robbins James MeadeCovering the period 1943-45, these diaries cover issues such as the Bretton Woods UN Monetary Conference in 1944 and loan negotiations and the ITO, as recorded by Meade and Robbins.
We Make the Road By Walking: Conversations on Education and Social Change
by Myles Horton Paulo Freire Brenda Bell John GaventaThis dialogue between two of the most prominent thinkers on social change in the twentieth century was certainly a meeting of giants. Throughout their highly personal conversations recorded here, Horton and Freire discuss the nature of social change and empowerment and their individual literacy campaigns. The ideas of these men developed through two very different channels: Horton's, from the Highlander Center, a small, independent residential education center situated outside the formal schooling system and the state; Freire's, from within university and state-sponsored programs. Myles Horton, who died in January 1990, was a major figure in the civil rights movement and founder of the Highlander Folk School, later the highlander Research and Education Center. Paulo Freire, author of "Pedagogy of the Oppressed", established the Popular Culture Movement in Recife, Brazil's poorest region, and later was named head of the New National Literacy Campaign until a military coup forced his exile from Brazil. He has been active in educational development programs worldwide. For both men, real liberation is achieved through popular participation. The themes they discuss illuminate problems faced by educators and activists around the world who are concerned with linking participatory education to the practice of liberation and social change. How could two men, working in such different social spaces and times, arrive at similar ideas and methods? These conversations answer that question in rich detail and engaging anecdotes, and show that, underlying the philosophy of both, is the idea that theory emanates from practice and that knowledge grows from and is a reflection of social experience. Brenda Bell is administrator of a regional volunteer organization and a consultant and a member of the Advisory Board for the Center for Literacy Studies at the University of Tennessee. John Gaventa is Director of the Highlander Research and Education Center and Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Tennessee. He co-edited (with Barbara Ellen Smith and Alex Willingham) "Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South" (Temple). John Peters is Professor of Adult Education at the University of Tennessee.
What is Said: A Theory of Indirect Speech Reports (Philosophical Studies Series #49)
by R. BertoletThe notion of what someone says is, perhaps surprisingly, some what less clear than we might be entitled to expect. Suppose that I utter to my class the sentence 'I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week'. A student who was unable to get up in time for class that day asks another what I said about the assignment. Several replies are in the offing. One, an oratio recta or direct speech report, is 'He said, "I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week. '" Another, an oratio obliqua or indirect speech report, consists in the response 'He said that he wants us to write a paper reconciling . . . '. Yet another, reflecting a perhaps accurate estimate of the task involved, editorializes: 'He said he wants us to do the impossible'. Or, aware of both this and my quaint custom of barring those who have not successfully completed the assignment from the classroom, one might retort 'He said he doesn't want to meet next week'. Since 'says' is construable in these various ways, it is at best unhelpful to write something like 'Alice said "Your paper is two days late", thereby saying that Tom's paper was two days late.
Whiggery and Reform, 1830–41: The Politics of Government
by Ian NewboldThis is a study of the parliamentary history of the Whigs during the Age of Reform, describing the extent to which both Grey and Melbourne's governments, with Peel's assistance, attempted to safeguard the interests of the landed aristocracy while allowing for moderate reforms in Church and State.
Why Should We Care?
by Donald EvansThis first volume in the Professional Studies in Health Care Ethics series presents essays on a number of areas of current debate in medicine. Some tackle general questions of the nature of moral action and decision-making in health-care practice, others tackle specific conceptual issues which have considerable bearing on the question of what ought or ought not to be done. The essayists are all health-care professionals with a keen interest in ethical issues, and are writing for other health-care professionals, as well as philosophers.
Wissenschafts- und Erkenntnistheorie: Eine Einführung für Psychologen und Humanwissenschaftler
by Jürgen Kriz Helmut E. Lück Horst Heidbrink
Wittgenstein — Eine Neubewertung / Wittgenstein — Towards a Re-Evaluation: Akten des 14. Internationalen Wittgenstein-Symposiums Feier des 100. Geburtstages 13. bis 20. August 1989 Kirchberg am Wechsel (Österreich) / Proceedings of the 14th International Wittgenstein-Symposium Centenary Celebration 13th to 20th August 1989 Kirchberg am Wechsel (Austria) (Schriftenreihe der Wittgenstein-Gesellschaft #19/1)
by Rudolf Haller Johannes BrandlAn läßlich der I 00. Wiederkehr des Geburtstages von Ludwig Wittgenstein, dem wohl bedeutendsten Philosophen unseres Jahrhunderts und Namensgeber der veranstaltenden Gesellschaft, wurde das 14. Internationale Symposium in Kirchberg gänzlich unter die programmatische Perspektive einer Neubewertung seiner Philosophie gestellt. Dem Anlasse entsprechend war dieses Symposium das weitaus größte aller bisherigen mit nahezu 600 Teilnehmern und 230 Vorträgen. Nur 138 davon konnten in die Akten des 14. Symposiums aufgenommen werden, dietrotzdieser Auswahl über 1000 Seiten stark wurden. Wegen dieses außerordentlichen Umfangs ist es nötig, die Akten diesmal auf drei Bände aufzuteilen. Der erste Band enthält eingeladene Vorträge, gegliedert nach fünf Themenschw- punkten: Zur Philosophie der Traktatperiode Zur Philosophie von Logik und Mathematik Zur Übergangsperiode der Dreißigerjahre Zur Aufgabe der Philosophie Zur Ethik und Religion. Freilich wäre es eine Übertreibung zu behaupten, daß alle Beiträge im vollen Wortsin ne eine Neubewertung von Wittgensteins Philosophie veranschaulichen. Aber der Ten denz nach exemplifizieren die gesammelten Texte den Stand der gegenwärtigen Wittgen stein-Interpretation sehr deutlich. Waren in den ersten Jahren nach seinem Tode und der Publikation der nachgelassenen Schriften die Bemühungen zunächst auf die sprachphi losophischen Aspekte der Philosophischen Untersuchungen, das Privatsprachenproblem und den Neuerungen nach der Traktatperiode gerichtet, so zeigten sich seit den Siehziger jahren Tendenzen zur Vereinheitlichung. So entstand in den letzten Jahren ein zuneh mend differenzierteres Bild sowohl der Entwicklung von Wittgensteins Philosophie als auch der Rolle von Logik, Bedeutung und Bezug sprachlicher Zeichen im Gesamtkonte. M der Lebensformen.
Z User Workshop: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Z User Meeting Oxford, 15 December 1989 (Workshops in Computing)
by John E. NichollsThe mathematical concepts and notational conventions we know of as Z were first proposed around 1981. Its origins were in line with the objectives of the PRG - to establish a mathematical basis for program ming concepts and to verify the work by case studies with industry. Hence among early Z users some were from academic circles, with interests in the mathematical basis of programming; others came from industry and were involved with pilot projects and case studies linked with the Programming Research Group. Four years ago we had the first Z User Meeting, a fairly modest affair with representatives more or less equally divided between academia and industry. At the first meeting there were, as in this meeting, a variety of technical papers, reports of work in progress and discussions. A number of people from industry came along, either because they had begun to use Z or were curious about the new direction. In the discussion sessions at the end of the meeting, there were calls from attendees for the establishment of a more stable base for the notation, including work on its documentation and standards. Many of these requests have now been satisfied and the notation is now being proposed for standards development.
Nomic Probability and the Foundations of Induction
by John L. PollockIn this book Pollock deals with the subject of probabilistic reasoning, making general philosophical sense of objective probabilities and exploring their relationship to the problem of induction. He argues that probability is fundamental not only to physical science, but to induction, epistemology, the philosophy of science and much of the reasoning relevant to artificial intelligence. Pollock's main claim is that the fundamental notion of probability is nomic--that is, it involves the notion of natural law, valid across possible worlds. The various epistemic and statistical conceptions of probability, he demonstrates, are derived from this nomic notion. He goes on to provide a theory of statistical induction, an account of computational principles allowing some probabilities to be derived from others, an account of acceptance rules, and a theory of direct inference.