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Varieties of Voluntarism in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy
This book considers different forms of voluntarism developed from the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries. By crossing the conventional dividing line between the medieval and early modern periods, the volume draws important new insights on the historical development of voluntarism. Voluntarism places a special emphasis on the will when it comes to the analysis and explanation of fundamental philosophical questions and problems. Since the Middle Ages, voluntarist considerations and views played an important role in the development of different theories of action, ethics, metaethics, and metaphysics. The chapters in this volume are grouped according to three distinct kinds of voluntarism: psychological, ethical, and theological voluntarism. They address topics such as the threat of irrationality as the standard objection to voluntarism, incontinent actions and their explanation, the nature of the will as rational appetite, the relationship between intellect and will, the implications of conceptions of the will for political freedom, and the relations between divine freedom and the modal status of eternal truths. The chapters not only consider towering figures of the Middle Ages—Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, William of Ockham, Francisco de Vitoria—and early modern period—René Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Samuel Pufendorf—but also engage with less well-known figures such as Peter John Olivi, John of Pouilly, Catharine Trotter Cockburn, and Christian August Crusius. Varieties of Voluntarism in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in medieval philosophy, early modern philosophy, the history of ethics, and philosophy of religion.
Vedānta and Bhagavadgītā: The Unpublished Writings of K. Satchidananda Murty
Kotta Satchidananda Murty (1924–2011), also known as Satchidananda, KSM, Murty, was a vociferous writer and an iconoclast. This volume is a collection of his unpublished writings. It includes Murty’s views on the Veda, its meaning, relevance and study, and shows the significance of the Vedāntic vision to the modern world. Murty elucidates the basic tenets of Advaita Vedānta and expounds the Advaitic doctrine of the relationships between Brahman and God, Brahman and the individual self, as well as God and the world. In his writings, Murty contrasts empirical knowledge with transcendental wisdom and surveys the history of Indian science and scientific views in ancient times. The book also includes Murty’s musings on the scholar Śaṅkarācārya’s philosophy, authorship and religious life. An important contribution to Indian philosophy, the volume will be of great interest to scholars, teachers and students of Hindu philosophy, Bhagavadgītā, Vedāntic philosophy, Advaita Vedānta, comparative philosophy, religious studies, and South Asian studies.
Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-century political thought and practice (Routledge Revivals)
First published in 1990, Victorian Liberalism brings together leading political theorists and historians in order to examine the interplay of theory and ideology in nineteenth-century liberal thought and practice. Drawing on a wide range of source material, the authors examine liberal thinkers and politicians from Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill to William Gladstone and Joseph Chamberlain. Connections are drawn throughout between the different languages which made-up liberal discourse and the relations between these vocabularies and the political movements and changing social reality they sought to explain. The result is a stimulating volume that breaks new ground in the study of political history and the history of political thought.
Vienna Lectures on Legal Philosophy, Volume 3: Legal Reasoning (Vienna Lectures on Legal Philosophy)
The third volume of the Vienna Lectures on Legal Philosophy series focuses on one of the most fiercely contested issues in contemporary legal philosophy: the question of the importance of legal reasoning and how to properly engage with it.This book considers legal reasoning from two different angles: it revolves, on the one hand, around debates concerning interpretation and balancing, but it also asks, on the other, whom we ought to entrust with decision-making based on legal reasoning and how this relates to the very concept of law.The book approaches these underlying problems from a variety of perspectives and against the backdrop of different academic traditions, showcasing the rich landscape of critical debates around contemporary legal reasoning.
Views into the Chinese Room: New Essays on Searle and Artificial Intelligence
The most famous challenge to the aims of computational cognitive science and artificial intelligence is the philosopher John Searle's 1980 'Chinese Room' argument. Searle argued that the fact that machines can be devised to pass the 'Turing Test', that is, respond to input with the same output that a mind would give, does not mean that mind and machine are doing the same thing: for such machines lack understanding of the symbols they process. Nineteen specially written essays by leading scientists and philosophers assess, renew, and respond to this crucial challenge—fascinating reading for anyone interested in minds and computers.
The Vindication of the World: Essays Engaging with Stephen Phillips (Routledge Festschrifts in Philosophy)
Stephen Phillips has devoted his career to excavating some of the most valuable gems of Indian philosophy and bringing them into conversation with contemporary thought. This volume honors him and follows his lead by continuing his lifelong project: faithfully interpreting Sanskrit texts to think along with their authors about ideas that still perplex us today.It features ten new essays focusing on epistemology, logic, and metaphysics from outstanding philosophers and scholars of Sanskrit philosophy, with contributions varying in methodology: both historical and cross-cultural. Further, in addition to essays on Nyāya and Advaita Vedānta, it engages with Navya-Nyāya (“new Nyāya”), an important but understudied part of Indian philosophy. Through these investigations, in conversation with Phillips's groundbreaking work, the contributors show the value of cross-cultural engagement for philosophical progress.The Vindication of the World will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in Indian philosophy, comparative philosophy, and, more generally, epistemology, logic, and metaphysics.
Virtue, Emotion and Imagination in Law and Legal Reasoning
What is the role and value of virtue, emotion and imagination in law and legal reasoning? These new essays, by leading scholars of both law and philosophy, offer striking and exploratory answers to this neglected question. The collection takes a holistic approach, inquiring as to the connections and relations between virtue, emotion and imagination. In addition to the principal focus on adjudication, essays in the collection also engage with a variety of different legal, political and moral contexts: eg criminal law sentencing, the Black Lives Matter movement and professional ethics. A number of different areas of the law are addressed (eg criminal law, constitutional law and tort law) and the issues explored include: the benefits and limits of empathy in legal reasoning; the role of attention and perception in judicial reasoning;, the identification of judicial virtues (such as compassion and humility) and judicial vices (such as callousness and partiality); the values and dangers of certain imaginative devices (eg personification); and the interactive and social dimensions of virtue, emotion and imagination.
Virtue Ethics and Contemporary Aristotelianism: Modernity, Conflict and Politics (Bloomsbury Studies in the Aristotelian Tradition)
This compelling and distinctive volume advances Aristotelianism by bringing its traditional virtue ethics to bear upon characteristically modern issues, such as the politics of economic power and egalitarian dispute.This volume bridges the gap between Aristotle's philosophy and the multitude of contemporary Aristotelian theories that have been formulated in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Part I draws on Aristotle's texts and Thomas Aquinas' Aristotelianism to examine the Aristotelian tradition of virtues, with a chapter by Alasdair MacIntyre contextualising the different readings of Aristotle's philosophy. Part II offers a critical engagement with MacIntyrean Aristotelianism, while Part III demonstrates the ongoing influence of Aristotelianism in contemporary theoretical debates on governance and politics.Extensive in its historical scope, this is a valuable collection relating the tradition of virtue to modernity, which will be of interest to all working in virtue ethics and contemporary Aristotelian politics.
Virtue, Happiness, Knowledge: Themes from the Work of Gail Fine and Terence Irwin
Fifteen leading philosophers explore a set of themes from the pioneering work of Gail Fine and Terence Irwin, in ancient philosophy but also in later periods and in systematic philosophy. The contributors discuss knowledge, rhetoric, freedom and practical reason, virtue and the good life, ethics and politics in Plato and Aristotle and beyond. The editors offer an introduction charting the scholarly contributions of Fine and Irwin and assessing their individual and joint impact, together with a complete bibliography of their writings.
The Virtue of Loyalty (The Virtues)
Loyalty is a highly contested virtue. One the one hand, some have wondered whether it is really a virtue at all. On the other, we might doubt whether a person who was not loyal to anything could be said to have a defined moral character. Loyalty is so fundamental to so many of our relationships and commitments that it is hard to imagine a world without it. Because it structures our lives by setting horizons and limits within which we make choices and conduct our affairs, it is difficult to appreciate how significant, profound, and pervasive its influence is. That said, loyalty is a particularly salient moral concept in the public sphere, where demands for loyalty of various sorts, not to mention accusations of disloyalty, often inspire fervently passionate responses. Although loyalty invites moral objections and poses philosophical puzzles, it is undeniably held in high regard and viewed with great significance by many people. This volume presents ten new academic essays on the topic of loyalty considered as a virtue, written by scholars in philosophy, law, religious studies, empirical psychology, and child development, and approached from a diverse array of backgrounds and perspectives. The Virtue of Loyalty aims to help readers attain a greater understanding of this complex and multifaceted virtue.
The Virtue of Solidarity (The Virtues)
Many today are worried about the global spread of divisive politics, rampant inequality, social alienation, and political apathy. They are hungry for meaningful action that will bring about change, yet they are uncertain of how to achieve this. It is often repeated that people must come together, in displays of solidarity, but fundamental questions about this political catchword--what solidarity is, when (or if) it is a virtue, and its potential dangers--have not received the attention they deserve. They have certainly received less attention than solidarity's closest relatives: liberty and equality. The Virtue of Solidarity brings together twelve world-leading philosophers to reflect on the nature, history, and virtue of solidarity. Topics discussed include race, class, Catholic understandings of solidarity, and the social theories of ?mile Durkheim, L?on Bourgeois, and J?rgen Habermas as they relate to present disputes of solidarity. These essays present and debate solidarity's many forms and roles--as a virtue, a sacrifice, an egalitarian commitment, or even something pernicious--where it belongs within a just society, and its relationship to justice. The Virtue of Solidarity is a comprehensive volume of the most recent thinking regarding this topic, ranging from the philosophical to the sociological, the religious to the political, presenting solidarity's many justifications and exploring the most urgent questions that surround it.
The Virtues of Sustainability (The Virtues)
From climate change to species extinction, and habitat loss to soil degradation, a stark awareness of the often devastating impacts of human actions is growing. People around the world are urgently seeking sustainable ways of life for themselves and their communities. But what do these calls for a sustainable future mean for our current values and ways of life, and what kind of people will we need to become? Though sustainability is a ubiquitous concept with a range of meaning and applications, this volume shows that it can be significantly understood and sought through the notion of virtue, in the tradition of virtue ethics. Approaches to ethical living that emphasize good character and virtue are resurgent, and especially well-suited to addressing our present challenges. From rethinking excessive consumption, to appropriately respecting nature, to finding resilience in the face of environmental injustice, our characters will be frequently tested. The virtues of sustainability--character traits enabling us to lead sustainable, flourishing lives--will be critical to our success. This volume, divided into three sections, brings together newly-commissioned essays by leading scholars from multiple disciplines--from philosophy and political science, to religious studies and psychology. The essays in the first section focus on key factors and structures that support the cultivation of the virtues of sustainability, while those in the second focus in particular on virtues embraced by non-Western communities and cultures, and the worldviews that underlie them. Finally, the essays in the third section each address further particular virtues of sustainability, including cooperativeness, patience, conscientiousness, creativity, and open-mindedness. Together, these essays provide readers with a rich understanding of the importance and diversity of the virtues of sustainability, and practical guidance towards their cultivation.
Virtuous and Vicious Expressions of Partiality (Routledge Studies in Ethics and Moral Theory)
This volume gathers essays from leading scholars to discuss partiality in ethics. The chapters examine the virtuous and vicious ways in which we relate to those close to us. There has long been a puzzle in ethics concerning the balance between our general moral obligations to everyone and our specific moral obligations to a smaller subset of people: our family, our nation, and our friends. There has been longstanding tension between the moral intuition that equality entails that we have the same moral duties to everyone and the moral intuition that special obligations entail that we have much greater duties to those close to us. The chapters in this volume discuss varying perspectives on partiality within a wide range of relationships. Section 1 offers overarching visions of partiality. Section 2 examines how roles and relationships might shape partiality. Section 3 focuses on the potential moral dangers and pitfalls of partiality. Finally, Section 4 looks at specific applications of partiality expressed as our loyalty to country, religion, sports teams, and employers. Virtuous and Vicious Expressions of Partiality will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in ethics, social and political philosophy, and philosophy of religion.
Visions of Humanity: Historical Cultural Practices since 1850 (Explorations in Culture and International History #11)
This book offers a critical reflection of the historical genesis, transformation, and problématique of “humanity” in the transatlantic world, with a particular eye on cultural representations. “Humanity,” the essays show, was consistently embedded in networks of actors and cultural practices, and its meanings have evolved in step with historical processes such as globalization, cultural imperialism, the transnationalization of activism, and the spread of racism and nationalism. Visions of Humanity applies a historical lens on objects, sounds, and actors to provide a more nuanced understanding of the historical tensions and struggles involved in constructing, invoking, and instrumentalizing the “we” of humanity.
Vocation across the Academy: A New Vocabulary for Higher Education
Although the language of vocation was born in a religious context, the contributors in this volume demonstrate that it has now taken root within the broad framework of higher education and has become intertwined with a wide range of concerns. This volume makes a compelling case for vocational reflection and discernment in undergraduate education today, arguing that it will encourage faculty and students alike to venture out of their narrow disciplinary specializations and to reflect on larger questions of meaning and purpose. In conversation with a growing range of scholarly resources, these essays advance the cause of vocational reflection and discernment well beyond its occasional mention in general education courses and career placement offices. The book's thirteen contributors all work in higher education, but they do so as biologists and musicians, sociologists and engineers, doctors and lawyers, college presidents and deans, and scholars of history, literature, and business administration. Together, they demonstrate that vocation has an important role to play across the entire range of traditional academic disciplines and applied fields. Regardless of major, all undergraduates need to consider their current and future responsibilities, determine the stories they will live by, and discover resources for addressing the tensions that will inevitably arise among their multiple callings. Vocation across the Academy will help to reframe current debates about the purpose of higher education. It underscores the important role that colleges and universities can play in encouraging students to reflect more deeply on life's most persistent questions and to consider how they might best contribute to the common good.
Von der Unabhängigkeit des Denkens: Ästhetische und Moralische Orientierungsversuche (Edition Angewandte)
„Faulheit und Feigheit sind die Ursachen, warum ein so großer Teil der Menschen, nachdem die Natur sie längst von fremder Leitung frei gesprochen, dennoch gerne zeitlebens unmündig bleiben; und warum es Anderen so leicht wird, sich zu deren Vormündern aufzuwerfen" – heißt es in Immanuel Kants berühmter kleiner Schrift: „Was ist Aufklärung?" von 1784. Gegen diese von Kant monierte Trägheit und Feigheit des Geistes steht das Werk von Karl Heinz Bohrer, Ulrich Horstmann, Helmut Lethen und Christian Demand, die anlässlich der Emeritierung von Rudolf Burger zu einem Symposion zusammengekommen sind. Ihre Essays sondieren die Möglichkeit von Aufklärung in einer Zeit, da die sogenannten „Werte" der Aufklärung selbst schon zu philiströsen Klischees erstarrt sind, das Denken sich zunehmend in seinen eigenen Veräußerungen verfängt und damit als Begriffsschieberei immer maschinenförmiger wird oder umgekehrt – im Protest dagegen – als expressive „Kreativität" zur risikolosen Pose verkommt. Gegen diese neuen Formen von Konformismus im „intellektuellen Diskurs" exponieren die hier präsentierten Texte von im Nietzscheschen Sinne wahrhaft freien Geistern das Denken als „angewandte Kunst" – als eine Kunst, die sich am Gegenstand bewährt.
Wealth, Commerce, and Philosophy: Foundational Thinkers and Business Ethics
The moral dimensions of how we conduct business affect all of our lives in ways big and small, from the prevention of environmental devastation to the policing of unfair trading practices, from arguments over minimum wage rates to those over how government contracts are handed out. Yet for as deep and complex a field as business ethics is, it has remained relatively isolated from the larger, global history of moral philosophy. This book aims to bridge that gap, reaching deep into the past and traveling the globe to reinvigorate and deepen the basis of business ethics. Spanning the history of western philosophy as well as looking toward classical Chinese thought and medieval Islamic philosophy, this volume provides business ethicists a unified source of clear, accurate, and compelling accounts of how the ideas of foundational thinkers—from Aristotle to Friedrich Hayek to Amartya Sen—relate to wealth, commerce, and markets. The essays illuminate perspectives that have often been ignored or forgotten, informing discussion in fresh and often unexpected ways. In doing so, the authors not only throw into relief common misunderstandings and misappropriations often endemic to business ethics but also set forth rich moments of contention as well as novel ways of approaching complex ethical problems. Ultimately, this volume provides a bedrock of moral thought that will move business ethics beyond the ever-changing opinions of headline-driven debate.
Weighing and Reasoning: Themes from the Philosophy of John Broome
John Broome has made major contributions to, and radical innovations in, contemporary moral philosophy. His research combines the formal method of economics with philosophical analysis. Broome's works stretch over formal axiology, decision theory, philosophy of economics, population axiology, the value of life, the ethics of climate change, the nature of rationality, and practical and theoretical reasoning. Weighing and Reasoning brings together fifteen original essays from leading philosophers who have been influenced by the work and thought of John Broome. It aims to offer a comprehensive evaluation of Broome's wide-ranging and far-reaching philosophical works over the past thirty years. The volume comprises two parts. The first part is focused on Broome's work on the theory of value, as exemplified in his books Weighing Goods, Weighing Lives, Economics out of Economics, and Climate Matters. The second part is focused on his work on practical and theoretical reasoning, which culminated in his Rationality through Reasoning. This volume also includes a piece by Broome on his intellectual history to date.
Weighing Reasons
In recent decades normative reasons-considerations that count in favor of one thing or another-have come to the theoretical fore in ethics and epistemology. A major attraction of normative reasons is that they have weight or strength. Reasons are particular considerations that count in favor of actions or attitudes to some degree. This feature is attractive to theorists who want to explain more complex normative phenomena in terms of a notion that is weighted. This volume aims to provide the beginnings for a theory of weight. The fourteen new essays fall into three groups. One set of essays addresses questions about the nature of weight. Topics include the relations between reasons and conditions and modifiers, between reasons and other weighted notions such as commitments, and different models of the interaction of reasons. A second set of essays addresses substantive questions: questions about weight relevant to value-first, desire-first, evidence-first and other normative research programs. A third set of essays applies issues in the theory of weight to broader ethical debates. The book thus not only makes novel contributions to debates in ethics and epistemology about the nature of normative reasons and their weight, it also makes a strong case for the theoretical fruitfulness of the ideology of normative reasons.
Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie in 5 Bänden: Band 2: Sekundärliteratur 1867-1998: Allgemeine Grundlagen und Hilfsmittel; Leben und Werke im Allgemeinen; Biographische Einzelheiten
Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie erfasst die zwischen 1867 und 1998 erschienene Primär- und Sekundärliteratur aller Sprachen und Länder. Ziel ist es, ein zuverlässiges bibliographisches Grundlagenwerk zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung Nietzsches für die internationale Einzelforschung und darüber hinaus für die Geisteswissenschaften insgesamt zu schaffen. Angestrebt wird ein hoher Grad an Vollständigkeit. Bei der Verzeichnung der Sekundärliteratur wird neben der eigentlichen Forschungsliteratur besonderes Augenmerk auf die Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte gelegt. Die Titelbeschreibung erfolgt weitgehend aufgrund der vorliegenden Originalquelle. An der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek ist mit der Privatbibliothek Friedrich Nietzsches und mit der Bibliothek des Nietzsche-Archivs, das bis 1945 seine Wirkungsstätte in Weimar hatte, ein Grundbestand der Nietzsche-Literatur vorhanden, der seit 1990 systematisch ausgebaut wird. Auf diesem Bestand konnte das Projekt einer umfassenden retrospektiven Personalbibliographie zu Friedrich Nietzsche aufbauen. Die Bibliographie erschließt die Literatur systematisch über Annotationen sowie über Register (Personen-, Sach- und Werkregister). Das Werk erscheint in fünf Bänden. Band 1 liegt bereits vor. Die übrigen vier Bände mit der Forschungsliteratur und der Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte folgen im April 2002. Insgesamt werden über 20.000 Dokumente verzeichnet. Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie bildet die Plattform für jede Beschäftigung mit der internationalen Wirkung Nietzsches.
Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie in 5 Bänden: Band 5: Sekundärliteratur: Wirkungs- und Forschungsgeschichte
Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie erfasst die zwischen 1867 und 1998 erschienene Primär- und Sekundärliteratur aller Sprachen und Länder. Ziel ist es, ein zuverlässiges bibliographisches Grundlagenwerk zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung Nietzsches für die internationale Einzelforschung und darüber hinaus für die Geisteswissenschaften insgesamt zu schaffen. Angestrebt wird ein hoher Grad an Vollständigkeit. Bei der Verzeichnung der Sekundärliteratur wird neben der eigentlichen Forschungsliteratur besonderes Augenmerk auf die Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte gelegt. Die Titelbeschreibung erfolgt weitgehend aufgrund der vorliegenden Originalquelle. An der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek ist mit der Privatbibliothek Friedrich Nietzsches und mit der Bibliothek des Nietzsche-Archivs, das bis 1945 seine Wirkungsstätte in Weimar hatte, ein Grundbestand der Nietzsche-Literatur vorhanden, der seit 1990 systematisch ausgebaut wird. Auf diesem Bestand konnte das Projekt einer umfassenden retrospektiven Personalbibliographie zu Friedrich Nietzsche aufbauen. Die Bibliographie erschließt die Literatur systematisch über Annotationen sowie über Register (Personen-, Sach- und Werkregister). Das Werk erscheint in fünf Bänden. Band 1 liegt bereits vor. Die übrigen vier Bände mit der Forschungsliteratur und der Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte folgen im April 2002. Insgesamt werden über 20.000 Dokumente verzeichnet. Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie bildet die Plattform für jede Beschäftigung mit der internationalen Wirkung Nietzsches.
Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie in 5 Bänden: Band 1: Primärliteratur 1867-1998
Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie erfasst die zwischen 1867 und 1998 erschienene Primär- und Sekundärliteratur aller Sprachen und Länder. Ziel ist es, ein zuverlässiges bibliographisches Grundlagenwerk zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung Nietzsches für die internationale Einzelforschung und darüber hinaus für die Geisteswissenschaften insgesamt zu schaffen. Angestrebt wird ein hoher Grad an Vollständigkeit. Bei der Verzeichnung der Sekundärliteratur wird neben der eigentlichen Forschungsliteratur besonderes Augenmerk auf die Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte gelegt. Die Titelbeschreibung erfolgt weitgehend aufgrund der vorliegenden Originalquelle. An der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek ist mit der Privatbibliothek Friedrich Nietzsches und mit der Bibliothek des Nietzsche-Archivs, das bis 1945 seine Wirkungsstätte in Weimar hatte, ein Grundbestand der Nietzsche-Literatur vorhanden, der seit 1990 systematisch ausgebaut wird. Auf diesem Bestand konnte das Projekt einer umfassenden retrospektiven Personalbibliographie zu Friedrich Nietzsche aufbauen. Die Bibliographie erschließt die Literatur systematisch über Annotationen sowie über Register (Personen-, Sach- und Werkregister). Das Werk erscheint in fünf Bänden. Band 1 liegt bereits vor. Die übrigen vier Bände mit der Forschungsliteratur und der Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte folgen im April 2002. Insgesamt werden über 20.000 Dokumente verzeichnet. Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie bildet die Plattform für jede Beschäftigung mit der internationalen Wirkung Nietzsches.
Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie in 5 Bänden: Band 3: Sekundärliteratur 1867-1998: Nietzsches geistige und geschichtskulturelle Lebensbeziehung, sein Denken und Schaffen
Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie erfasst die zwischen 1867 und 1998 erschienene Primär- und Sekundärliteratur aller Sprachen und Länder. Ziel ist es, ein zuverlässiges bibliographisches Grundlagenwerk zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung Nietzsches für die internationale Einzelforschung und darüber hinaus für die Geisteswissenschaften insgesamt zu schaffen. Angestrebt wird ein hoher Grad an Vollständigkeit. Bei der Verzeichnung der Sekundärliteratur wird neben der eigentlichen Forschungsliteratur besonderes Augenmerk auf die Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte gelegt. Die Titelbeschreibung erfolgt weitgehend aufgrund der vorliegenden Originalquelle. An der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek ist mit der Privatbibliothek Friedrich Nietzsches und mit der Bibliothek des Nietzsche-Archivs, das bis 1945 seine Wirkungsstätte in Weimar hatte, ein Grundbestand der Nietzsche-Literatur vorhanden, der seit 1990 systematisch ausgebaut wird. Auf diesem Bestand konnte das Projekt einer umfassenden retrospektiven Personalbibliographie zu Friedrich Nietzsche aufbauen. Die Bibliographie erschließt die Literatur systematisch über Annotationen sowie über Register (Personen-, Sach- und Werkregister). Das Werk erscheint in fünf Bänden. Band 1 liegt bereits vor. Die übrigen vier Bände mit der Forschungsliteratur und der Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte folgen im April 2002. Insgesamt werden über 20.000 Dokumente verzeichnet. Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie bildet die Plattform für jede Beschäftigung mit der internationalen Wirkung Nietzsches.
Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie in 5 Bänden: Band 4: Sekundärliteratur: Zu Nietzsches philosophisch-literarischem Werk insgesamt; zu einzelnen Werken
Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie erfasst die zwischen 1867 und 1998 erschienene Primär- und Sekundärliteratur aller Sprachen und Länder. Ziel ist es, ein zuverlässiges bibliographisches Grundlagenwerk zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung Nietzsches für die internationale Einzelforschung und darüber hinaus für die Geisteswissenschaften insgesamt zu schaffen. Angestrebt wird ein hoher Grad an Vollständigkeit. Bei der Verzeichnung der Sekundärliteratur wird neben der eigentlichen Forschungsliteratur besonderes Augenmerk auf die Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte gelegt. Die Titelbeschreibung erfolgt weitgehend aufgrund der vorliegenden Originalquelle. An der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek ist mit der Privatbibliothek Friedrich Nietzsches und mit der Bibliothek des Nietzsche-Archivs, das bis 1945 seine Wirkungsstätte in Weimar hatte, ein Grundbestand der Nietzsche-Literatur vorhanden, der seit 1990 systematisch ausgebaut wird. Auf diesem Bestand konnte das Projekt einer umfassenden retrospektiven Personalbibliographie zu Friedrich Nietzsche aufbauen. Die Bibliographie erschließt die Literatur systematisch über Annotationen sowie über Register (Personen-, Sach- und Werkregister). Das Werk erscheint in fünf Bänden. Band 1 liegt bereits vor. Die übrigen vier Bände mit der Forschungsliteratur und der Literatur zur Wirkungsgeschichte folgen im April 2002. Insgesamt werden über 20.000 Dokumente verzeichnet. Die Weimarer Nietzsche-Bibliographie bildet die Plattform für jede Beschäftigung mit der internationalen Wirkung Nietzsches.
What are Mental Representations? (Philosophy of Mind)
The topic of this book is mental representation, a theoretical concept that lies at the core of cognitive science. Together with the idea that thinking is analogous to computational processing, this concept is responsible for the "cognitive turn" in the sciences of the mind and brain since the 1950s. Conceiving of cognitive processes (such as perception, reasoning, and motor control) as consisting of the manipulation of contentful vehicles that represent the world has led to tremendous empirical advancements in our explanations of behaviour. Perhaps the most famous discovery that explains behavior by appealing to the notion of mental representations was the discovery of 'place' cells that underlie spatial navigation and positioning, which earned researchers John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard I. Moser a joint Nobel Prize in 2014. And yet, despite the empirical importance of the concept, there is no agreed definition or theoretical understanding of mental representation. This book constitutes a state-of-the-art overview on the topic of mental representation, assembling some of the leading experts in the field and allowing them to engage in meaningful exchanges over some of the most contentious questions. The collection gathers both proponents and critics of the notion, making room for debates dealing with the theoretical and ontological status of representations, the possibility of formulating a general account of mental representation which would fit our best explanatory practices, and the possibility of delivering such an account in fully naturalistic terms. Some contributors explore the relation between mutually incompatible notions of mental representation, stemming from the different disciplines composing the cognitive sciences (such as neuroscience, psychology, and computer science). Others question the ontological status and explanatory usefulness of the notion. And finally, some try to sketch a general theory of mental representations that could face the challenges outlined in the more critical chapters of the volume.