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Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa New Zealand: History, Pedagogy, And Liberation (Critical Cultural Studies of Childhood)

Taking as a starting point the work of Aotearoa New Zealand to provide an education system that includes curriculum, pedagogy, and language from indigenous Maori culture, this book investigates the ensuing practices, policies, and dilemmas that have arisen and provides a wealth of data on how truly culturally inclusive education might look.

Backdoor Lawmaking: Evading Obstacles in the US Congress

Civics textbooks focus on how Congress makes policy through the legislative process, but the reality is that members of Congress have limited opportunities to advance their policy priorities. In fact, less than five percent of the bills that are introduced in Congress become law. Even the most tenacious legislators are confronted by bicameralism, partisan gridlock, chamber procedures, leadership's control of the agenda, and the diverse interests of 534 other members of Congress. What strategies do lawmakers have for navigating these challenges? In this book, Melinda N. Ritchie reveals how members of Congress use the federal bureaucracy as a backdoor for policymaking. Today, more law in the United States is made by unelected bureaucrats through federal agency regulations than with congressional statute. Ritchie argues that the bureaucracy's growing role in policymaking offers lawmakers a discreet way to represent controversial interests outside of the formal constraints of Congress. Lawmakers overcome obstacles in the legislative process by substituting agency regulations for legislation and pressuring agencies to make policy changes that would not pass Congress. Drawing on an original dataset constructed from records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, Ritchie traces the interactions between members of Congress and federal agencies to illustrate how these communications function as part of a lawmaker's overarching strategy for policymaking. Original and timely, Backdoor Lawmaking explains how members of Congress exploit the separation of powers and evade the lawmaking process established in the US Constitution.

Backdoor Lawmaking: Evading Obstacles in the US Congress

Civics textbooks focus on how Congress makes policy through the legislative process, but the reality is that members of Congress have limited opportunities to advance their policy priorities. In fact, less than five percent of the bills that are introduced in Congress become law. Even the most tenacious legislators are confronted by bicameralism, partisan gridlock, chamber procedures, leadership's control of the agenda, and the diverse interests of 534 other members of Congress. What strategies do lawmakers have for navigating these challenges? In this book, Melinda N. Ritchie reveals how members of Congress use the federal bureaucracy as a backdoor for policymaking. Today, more law in the United States is made by unelected bureaucrats through federal agency regulations than with congressional statute. Ritchie argues that the bureaucracy's growing role in policymaking offers lawmakers a discreet way to represent controversial interests outside of the formal constraints of Congress. Lawmakers overcome obstacles in the legislative process by substituting agency regulations for legislation and pressuring agencies to make policy changes that would not pass Congress. Drawing on an original dataset constructed from records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, Ritchie traces the interactions between members of Congress and federal agencies to illustrate how these communications function as part of a lawmaker's overarching strategy for policymaking. Original and timely, Backdoor Lawmaking explains how members of Congress exploit the separation of powers and evade the lawmaking process established in the US Constitution.

A Nuclear Weapons-Free World?: Britain, Trident and the Challenges Ahead (Global Issues)

President Obama and the UK Labour and Coalition governments have all backed the renewed momentum for serious progress towards a world free of nuclear weapons, whilst the UK finds itself embarked on a controversial and expensive programme to renew its Trident nuclear weapons system. What does the UK process tell about the prospects for disarmament?

Industry and Air Power: The Expansion of British Aircraft Production, 1935-1941 (Studies in Air Power #Vol. 5)

The author begins with a general survey of British aircraft manufacturing in the inter-war period. Policy, production, finance and contracts are examined, and the final chapter is concerned with the mobilization of the aircraft industry in 1939, and the emergency measures of 1940.

Industry and Air Power: The Expansion of British Aircraft Production, 1935-1941 (Studies in Air Power)

The author begins with a general survey of British aircraft manufacturing in the inter-war period. Policy, production, finance and contracts are examined, and the final chapter is concerned with the mobilization of the aircraft industry in 1939, and the emergency measures of 1940.

Mary of Guise in Scotland, 1548–1560: A Political Career

Challenging the conventional interpretation of Mary of Guise as the defender of Catholicism whose regime climaxed with the Reformation Rebellion, Pamela Ritchie shows that Mary was, on the contrary, a shrewd and effective politique, whose own dynastic interests and those of her daughter took precedence over her personal and religious convictions. Dynasticism, not Catholicism, was the prime motive force behind her policy.Mary of Guise’s dynasticism, and political career as a whole, were inextricably associated with those of Mary Queen of Scots, whose Scottish sovereignty, Catholic claim to the English throne and betrothal to the Dauphin of France carried with them notions of Franco-British Imperialism. Mary of Guise’s policy in Scotland was dictated by European dynastic politics and, specifically, by the Franco-Scottish alliance of 1548–1560. Significantly more than a betrothal contract, the Treaty of Haddington established a ‘protectoral’ relationship between the ‘auld allies’ whereby Henri II was able to assume control over Scottish military affairs, diplomacy and foreign policy as the ‘protector’ of Scotland. Mary of Guise’s assumption of the regency in 1554 completed the process of establishing French power in Scotland, which was later consolidated, albeit briefly, by the marriage of Mary Stewart to Francois Valois in 1558. International considerations undermined her policies and weakened her administration, but only with her death did Mary of Guise’s regime and French power in Scotland truly collapse.

Our Man in Yugoslavia: The Story of a Secret Service Operative (Studies in Intelligence)

As a fully documented study of a Second World War Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) operative, Our Man in Yugoslavia is absolutely unique. Its subject is Owen Reed, an army officer recruited into SIS in the summer of 1943 and then parachuted in to German-occupied Croatia to work with Tito's Partisans and other Allied secret organisations. After reporting back to London in July 1944, Reed returned to Yugoslavia to find relations with the Partisans deteriorating. His erstwhile comrades began working against him and the intelligence he passed to the SIS came increasingly to focus on the communist takeover. Reed found himself at the centre of the first great confrontation of the Cold War. Blending biography and operational history, Our Man in Yugoslavia is a remarkable case study, illustrating how SIS operatives were recruited and trained, and describing their work in detail.

Our Man in Yugoslavia: The Story of a Secret Service Operative (Studies in Intelligence)

As a fully documented study of a Second World War Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) operative, Our Man in Yugoslavia is absolutely unique. Its subject is Owen Reed, an army officer recruited into SIS in the summer of 1943 and then parachuted in to German-occupied Croatia to work with Tito's Partisans and other Allied secret organisations. After reporting back to London in July 1944, Reed returned to Yugoslavia to find relations with the Partisans deteriorating. His erstwhile comrades began working against him and the intelligence he passed to the SIS came increasingly to focus on the communist takeover. Reed found himself at the centre of the first great confrontation of the Cold War. Blending biography and operational history, Our Man in Yugoslavia is a remarkable case study, illustrating how SIS operatives were recruited and trained, and describing their work in detail.

The Economics of Prosperity: Rethinking Economic Growth and Development (New Thinking in Political Economy series)

This book presents a general theory of the economics of prosperity. Drawing upon both historic and contemporary Austrian economic thinking, it looks beyond merely identifying various isolated causes of economic growth and development to describe and explain the process of economic progress. It brings together various economic principles related to production, exchange, the market division of labor, capital, technology, entrepreneurship, and economic calculation, and a further understanding of how different institutional settings and specific policies all affect the process of economic progress. It also provides a helpful critique of modern growth theory.The author argues that economic prosperity is not monocausal. It is the happy consequence of a highly developed division of labor, taking advantage of an expanding capital structure, embodied in technically advanced capital goods, all wisely invested by entrepreneurs. All these sources of prosperity require the social institutions of private property and sound money to function well together, facilitating economic progress and human civilization.The Economics of Prosperity provides a comprehensive explanation of the myriad of factors influencing economic growth and development for scholars, policy makers and economists.

Precarious Ties: Business and the State in Authoritarian Asia

Developing Asia has been the site of some of the last century's fastest growing economies as well as some of the world's most durable authoritarian regimes. Many accounts of rapid growth alongside monopolies on political power have focused on crony relationships between the state and business. But these relationships have not always been smooth, as anti-corruption campaigns, financial and banking crises, and dramatic bouts of liberalization and crackdown demonstrate. Why do partnerships between political and business elites fall apart over time? And why do some partnerships produce stable growth and others produce crisis or stagnation? In Precarious Ties, Meg Rithmire offers a novel account of the relationships between business and political elites in three authoritarian regimes in developing Asia: Indonesia under Suharto's New Order, Malaysia under the Barisan Nasional, and China under the Chinese Communist Party. All three regimes enjoyed periods of high growth and supposed alliances between autocrats and capitalists. Over time, however, the relationships between capitalists and political elites changed, and economic outcomes diverged. While state-business ties in Indonesia and China created dangerous dynamics like capital flight, fraud, and financial crisis, Malaysia's state-business ties contributed to economic stagnation. To understand these developments, Rithmire presents two conceptual models of state-business relations that explain their genesis and why variation occurs over time. She shows that mutual alignment occurs when an authoritarian regime organizes its institutions, or even its informal practices, to induce capitalists to invest in growth and development. Mutual endangerment, on the other hand, obtains when economic and political elites are entangled in corrupt dealings and invested in perpetuating each other's dominance. The loss of power on one side would bring about the demise of the other. Rithmire contends that the main factors explaining why one pattern dominates over the other are trust between business and political elites, determined during regime formation, and the dynamics of financial liberalization. Empirically rich and sweeping in scope, Precarious Ties offers lessons for all nations in which the state and the private sector are deeply entwined.

Precarious Ties: Business and the State in Authoritarian Asia

Developing Asia has been the site of some of the last century's fastest growing economies as well as some of the world's most durable authoritarian regimes. Many accounts of rapid growth alongside monopolies on political power have focused on crony relationships between the state and business. But these relationships have not always been smooth, as anti-corruption campaigns, financial and banking crises, and dramatic bouts of liberalization and crackdown demonstrate. Why do partnerships between political and business elites fall apart over time? And why do some partnerships produce stable growth and others produce crisis or stagnation? In Precarious Ties, Meg Rithmire offers a novel account of the relationships between business and political elites in three authoritarian regimes in developing Asia: Indonesia under Suharto's New Order, Malaysia under the Barisan Nasional, and China under the Chinese Communist Party. All three regimes enjoyed periods of high growth and supposed alliances between autocrats and capitalists. Over time, however, the relationships between capitalists and political elites changed, and economic outcomes diverged. While state-business ties in Indonesia and China created dangerous dynamics like capital flight, fraud, and financial crisis, Malaysia's state-business ties contributed to economic stagnation. To understand these developments, Rithmire presents two conceptual models of state-business relations that explain their genesis and why variation occurs over time. She shows that mutual alignment occurs when an authoritarian regime organizes its institutions, or even its informal practices, to induce capitalists to invest in growth and development. Mutual endangerment, on the other hand, obtains when economic and political elites are entangled in corrupt dealings and invested in perpetuating each other's dominance. The loss of power on one side would bring about the demise of the other. Rithmire contends that the main factors explaining why one pattern dominates over the other are trust between business and political elites, determined during regime formation, and the dynamics of financial liberalization. Empirically rich and sweeping in scope, Precarious Ties offers lessons for all nations in which the state and the private sector are deeply entwined.

Freie Zeit: Eine politische Idee von der Antike bis zur Digitalisierung (X-Texte zu Kultur und Gesellschaft)

»Das Reich der Freiheit beginnt in der That erst da, wo das Arbeiten, das durch Noth und äußere Zweckmäßigkeit bestimmt ist, aufhört« - so einst Karl Marx. Und heute? Trotz weitgehender Automatisierung bleibt die Norm der Vollzeitarbeit bestehen. Das Motto »Sozial ist, was Arbeit schafft« wird von fast allen politischen Akteuren getragen. Zugleich wird die bisherige Form der Vollzeitarbeitsgesellschaft in vielen Momenten brüchiger und ungleicher: Pflegekrise, Gender-Pay-Gap, prekäre Jobs oder unregulierte Crowdwork auf digitalen Plattformen offenbaren nur einige der vielfältigen Bruchlinien. Mit Blick auf die politische Ideengeschichte der freien Zeit und die aktuellen Debatten um Automatisierung und Digitalisierung entwirft Gregor Ritschel ein Plädoyer für den schrittweisen Ausgang aus der bisherigen Arbeits- in eine »Multiaktivitätsgesellschaft« (André Gorz). Er zeigt: Eine Verkürzung der Arbeitszeit kann uns eine sozialere, kreativere und auch umweltschonendere Welt ermöglichen.

Freie Zeit: Eine politische Idee von der Antike bis zur Digitalisierung (X-Texte zu Kultur und Gesellschaft)

»Das Reich der Freiheit beginnt in der That erst da, wo das Arbeiten, das durch Noth und äußere Zweckmäßigkeit bestimmt ist, aufhört« - so einst Karl Marx. Und heute? Trotz weitgehender Automatisierung bleibt die Norm der Vollzeitarbeit bestehen. Das Motto »Sozial ist, was Arbeit schafft« wird von fast allen politischen Akteuren getragen. Zugleich wird die bisherige Form der Vollzeitarbeitsgesellschaft in vielen Momenten brüchiger und ungleicher: Pflegekrise, Gender-Pay-Gap, prekäre Jobs oder unregulierte Crowdwork auf digitalen Plattformen offenbaren nur einige der vielfältigen Bruchlinien. Mit Blick auf die politische Ideengeschichte der freien Zeit und die aktuellen Debatten um Automatisierung und Digitalisierung entwirft Gregor Ritschel ein Plädoyer für den schrittweisen Ausgang aus der bisherigen Arbeits- in eine »Multiaktivitätsgesellschaft« (André Gorz). Er zeigt: Eine Verkürzung der Arbeitszeit kann uns eine sozialere, kreativere und auch umweltschonendere Welt ermöglichen.

Jeremy Bentham und Karl Marx: Zwei Perspektiven der Demokratie (Edition Politik #65)

Karl Marx' (1818-1883) Polemiken gegen das »Genie bürgerlicher Dummheit« Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) sind weithin bekannt. Gegenstand seiner strategischen Attacken war jedoch weniger die Person Bentham selbst, sondern vielmehr die bürgerliche Marktgläubigkeit der Zeit, zu dessen Stammvater er Bentham als »Urphilister« stilisierte. Jenseits seiner Polemik kam Marx aber tatsächlich zu einer ambivalenten Einschätzung von Benthams Utilitarismus. Beim systematischen Vergleich beider Autoren und deren Kritik an anti-demokratischen Zuständen deckt Gregor Ritschel viele gemeinsame Themen und Gedanken auf, die zusammengenommen eine neue, komplementäre Lesart zulassen.

Gerechtigkeit, Gleichheit, Freiheit und Vernunft: Über vier Grundbegriffe der politischen Philosophie

X ist gerecht, X ist gleich Y, X ist frei und X ist vernünftig deutlich. Dieser Essay informiert über diese Tatsache anhand von kurzen Kommentaren zu ausgewählten Passagen aus Texten zur Sozialphilosophie und Gesellschaftstheorie. Über den trotz ihrer mannigfaltigen Unterschiede und Gegensätze bestehenden inneren Zusammenhang der vier normativen Prinzipien wird ebenfalls in klarer und kompakter Form Auskunft gegeben.

Wert: Warum uns etwas lieb und teuer ist

„Wert“ ist ein Grundbegriff, der im Alltag sowie in einer ganzen Reihe von Fachwissenschaften meist mit aller Selbstverständlichkeit benutzt wird: in der Moralphilosophie, der Ökonomie, der Politologie, der Soziologie, der Ethnologie und der Kulturanthropologie. Doch er ist und bleibt – wie schon Max Weber festgestellt hat – ein „Schmerzenskind“ der Kulturwissenschaften. Dieser Essay informiert über einige Kontroversen über den Wertbegriff sowie einige begehbare Pfade in der Sumpflandschaft des Wertdiskurses. Der Text steht in einem inneren Zusammenhang mit den beiden Essays des Verfassers über den Problembegriff und vier Grundbegriffe der politischen Philosophie (2012).​ ​

Evolution and International Organization: Toward a New Level of Sociopolitical Integration (Studien zur Regierungslehre und Internationalen Politik #5)

unlike the historical-descriptive or legalistic approaches still pervading the majority of publications on international organization, has an implicit (empirical-) theoretical orientation. As a concomitant development, Yalem notes an increasing methodological 6 sophistication among some students of international organization. However, except for some favorable comments on the evolving theory of international community formation, Yalem does not evaluate the contribution of the empirical-theory-cum­ methodology literature to the study of international organization. More recently, Riggs and his associates (1970) and Alger (1960-70; 1970) have taken it upon themselves to do just this. The analysis of the impact of bthavioralism on the study of the United Nations system by Robert Riggs and his associates is a rather devastating indictment. Though demonstrating a concern to present balanced and qualified conclusions from their pemsal of the relevant literature, they summarize their assessment in the following statement: Behavioral research has probably been the most disappointing in the area of its central concern, that of theory-building. The grand theories tend to be heuristic in nature, divorced from the essential data base; and the best-supported proposi­ tions have the natrowest theoretical significance. Despite its aims and pretensions, the approach has not yet produced a coherent set of explanatory propositions to bring order or scientific exactness to the study of international organization or any substantial segment of it (Riggs et al. , 1970: 230).

Authority in the Global Political Economy (International Political Economy Series)

This volume analyzes changing patterns of authority in the global political economy with an in-depth look at the new roles played by state and non-state actors, and addresses key themes including the provision of global public goods, new modes of regulation and the potential of new institutions for global governance.

Internationale Organisationen — Politik und Geschichte: Europäische und weltweite zwischenstaatliche Zusammenschlüsse (Grundwissen Politik #10)

Internationale Organisationen: Politik und Geschichte (Grundwissen Politik #10)

Das Lehrbuch führt theorieorientiert und zugleich gut verständlich in die Bedeutung internationaler Organisationen (z.B. UNO, EU, WTO, IWF) für die Weltpolitik von heute ein. Internationale Organisationen (z.B. UNO, EU, WTO, IWF, Weltbank) spielen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle in der internationalen Politik. Das allgemeinverständliche Lehrbuch untersucht diese Rollen orientiert an politikwissenschaftlicher Theorie ebenso wie an praktisch-politischen Fragen. Dieses Lehrbuch ist darauf angelegt, theoretische Einsichten mit empirischen Beobachtungen der Politik in und durch internationale Organisationen zu verbinden und damit ein kohärentes Bild von der Bedeutung internationaler Organisationen für die internationale Politik von heute zu zeichnen. Im Zentrum des Buches stehen die Entstehungs- und Entwicklungsbedingungen internationaler Organisationen, die Politikentwicklungsprozesse in internationalen Organisationen sowie deren Beitrag zur Generierung und Stabilisierung zwischenstaatlicher Kooperation in verschiedenen Politikfeldern. Es zeigt anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen, wie internationale Organisationen die Zivilisierung der zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen fördern.

International Organization

Fully revised and updated, this popular and broad-ranging textbook provides a systematic introduction to the structure, policies and performance of international organizations. Despite being a relatively new phenomenon, international organizations are involved in innumerable issue areas. This core text analyses IOs at the regional and global levels to show how institutions such as the UN, OECD, AU, EU and many others contribute to contemporary global governance and the norms and rules which guide transnational responses to problems such as climate change, weapons of mass destruction and global terrorism. This accessible and engaging text gives students an analytical insight into the causes and effects of international regimes and organizations. Structured in three parts, this text answers key enduring questions: why international organizations are created, how they shape collective decision making, their effects on global governance in key issue areas such as the environment and human rights. This core text is the ideal companion for students of International Relations taking International Organizations and Global Governance modules.

Internationale Organisationen (Grundwissen Politik)

Internationale Organisationen mit globaler oder regionaler Reichweite (z.B. UN, IWF, Weltbank, WTO, EU) spielen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle bei der Schaffung und Implementierung von internationalen Normen und Regeln, mithin bei Global Governance. Die Sicherheit, das ökonomische Wohlergehen, der Schutz der Menschenrechte und die ökologischen Lebensbedingungen von Menschen weltweit werden von der Fähigkeit bzw. Unfähigkeit internationaler Organisationen, Kooperation und Regieren jenseits des Nationalstaates möglich zu machen und zu stabilisieren, beeinflusst. Das Lehrbuch will die Leserin bzw. den Leser daher theoretisch informiert und empirisch fundiert mit den Entstehungsbedingungen, der Entwicklung, Funktionsweise und den Tätigkeiten internationaler Organisationen vertraut machen. Es führt in die wichtigsten Theorien über internationale Organisationen ein und bietet einen historischen Überblick über internationale Organisationen in verschiedenen Politikfeldern. Das Lehrbuch analysiert ferner die Akteure, Strukturen und Prozesse, die die Entscheidungsfindung in internationalen Organisationen prägen. Schließlich werden die Tätigkeiten eines breiten Spektrums internationaler Organisationen und deren Beitrag zur kooperativen Bearbeitung grenzüberschreitender Probleme in den Sachbereichen „Sicherheit“, „Wirtschaft“, „Umwelt“ und „Menschenrechte“ untersucht.

International Organization

The third edition of this popular core textbook provides wide-ranging coverage of the structure, internal working, policies and performance of international organizations such as the UN, EU, IMF and World Bank. Such organizations have never been so important in addressing the challenges that face our increasingly globalised world. This book introduces students to theories with which to approach international organizations, their history, and their ability to respond to contemporary issues in world politics from nuclear disarmament, climate change and human rights protection, to trade, monetary and financial relations, and international development. Underpinning the text is the authors' unique model that views international organizations as actual organizations. Reacting to world events, political actors provide the 'inputs' which are converted by the political systems of these organizations (through various decision-making procedures) into 'outputs' that achieve varying levels of real-world impact and effectiveness.This is the perfect text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of politics and international relations taking courses on International organization and global governance, as well as essential reading for those studying the UN, the EU and Globalization. New to this Edition:- Draws on the most recent research in the field and considers some of the significant world events of the last decade to ensure that the book is completely up to date.- Two separate chapters considering Trade and Development, and Finance and Monetary Relations respectively.- Fully accounts for the challenges to international organizations by the emerging powers, the Trump administration and Brexit

Political Thought of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

Alan Ritter examines the writings of Proudhon concerned with the theme that Proudhon, though a radical, was a realist and moralist, and that the difficulties he faced are those faced by any radical who confronts fact and has a conscience.Originally published in 1969.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.