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Applied Cognitive Psychology: An Information-Processing Framework (Psychology Revivals)

Originally published in 1988 Applied Cognitive Psychology draws on the psychology of perception, attention, and cognition to give an understanding of some everyday activities and skills. Paul Barber focuses on processes involved in selecting simple actions, face perception, reading, and tasks requiring attention skills. He uses practical problems as starting points for discussion, including mental overloading in air-traffic controllers, cooker-hob design, the use of Photokit/identikit, and reading from computer screens. The book also examines the strengths and limitations of the basic analytical approach of ‘information-processing’ in psychology. As well as providing a textbook for students of psychology and ergonomics, Applied Cognitive Psychology will still be welcomed by those from other disciplines – management studies, education, sports science – who need to understand skilled behaviour in applied settings.

Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction (Psychology Revivals)

First published in 1987, this book provides a stimulating introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) - the science of thinking machines. After a general introduction to AI, including its history, tools, research methods, and its relation to psychology, Garnham gives an account of AI research in five major areas: knowledge representation, vision, thinking and reasoning, language, and learning. He then describes the more important applications of AI and discusses the broader philosophical issues raised by the possibility of thinking machines. In the final chapter, he speculates about future research in AI, and more generally in cognitive science. Suitable for psychology students, the book also provides useful background reading for courses on vision, thinking and reasoning, language and learning.

Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction (Psychology Revivals)

First published in 1987, this book provides a stimulating introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) - the science of thinking machines. After a general introduction to AI, including its history, tools, research methods, and its relation to psychology, Garnham gives an account of AI research in five major areas: knowledge representation, vision, thinking and reasoning, language, and learning. He then describes the more important applications of AI and discusses the broader philosophical issues raised by the possibility of thinking machines. In the final chapter, he speculates about future research in AI, and more generally in cognitive science. Suitable for psychology students, the book also provides useful background reading for courses on vision, thinking and reasoning, language and learning.

Ärztliche Propädeutik: Gespräch, Anamnese, Interview Einführung in die anthropologische Medizin — wissenschaftstheoretische und praktische Grundlagen (Schriften zur anthropologischen und interdisziplinären Forschung in der Medizin)

Das Interesse an den anthropologischen Grundlagen der Medizin, insbesondere der psychosomatischen Medizin ist in dem Maße gewachsen, in dem die Vielfalt der sog. "ganzheitlichen" Ansätze" und der verschiedenen psychotherapeutischen Richtungen fast unübersehbar geworden ist. In dieser Situation bietet das soeben erschienene Lehrbuch eine von der unmittelbaren Beobachtung und ärztlichen Erfahrung ausgehende Klärung und Übersicht. Der Autor - Internist und Psychoanalytiker, Nachfolger von Viktor von Weizsäcker und Paul Christian als Leiter der Heidelberger Abteilung für "Allgemeine Klinische und Psychosomatische Medizin" - legt die Grundlagen einer anthropologisch verstandenen Psychosomatik vor, die Gesichtspunkte der Allgemeinen Medizin mit wissenschaftstheoretischen, praktisch-ärztlichen und persönlich-psychotherapeutischen Erfahrungen zu einer lebendigen - in der Konzeptualisierung völlig neuen - Einheit verbindet. Neuartig und ungewöhnlich ist auch die Form der Darstellung: dem fortlaufenden "text" der inhaltlichen "Vorunterweisung" wird ein "kontext" gegenübergestellt, der sehr persönliche Anmerkungen und Assoziationen des Verfassers enthält und Raum für eigene Überlegungen und Assoziationen des Lesers gibt. Aus jahrelanger Unterrichts- und Vorlesungspraxis, sowie Erfahrungen bei Fort- und Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen mit Ärzten und Studenten entstanden, bietet das Buch sowohl dem Studienanfänger wie dem erfahrenen Arzt und Psychotherapeuten eine lebendige Einführung in die Diskussion der Grundlagen ärztlicher Tätigkeit und ihrer wissenschaftlichen Bewältigung.

Assessment Issues in Child Neuropsychology (Critical Issues in Neuropsychology)

Neuropsychology has its roots in clinical neurology. Reading case de­ scriptions by 19th century neurologists, such as Wernicke's painstakingly detailed examinations of patients with the "aphasic symptom-complex," makes it obvious that neuropsychology is not a new discipline. Even the marriage with psychology is not new; the neurologist Arnold Pick, for example, was fully conversant with the developments in contemporary psychological as well as linguistic research. However, the primary focus of 19th and early 20th century psychology was on "general psychology," and only a small number of psychologists ventured into what then was called "differential psychology" (the psychology of individual dif­ ferences) including a few who became attached to neurological research and rehabilitation units after World War I. It remained until World War II for psychologists to establish a more solid working relationship with neurology. What psychology had to offer to neurology was its experimental skill, the development of a sophisticated methodology, and, for clinical work, the development of psychometrics. On the whole, the marriage between the two disciplines has been fruitful, leading to new insights, models, and discoveries about brain-behavior relationships, documented in several textbooks which appeared in rapid succession since the 1960s. In clinical practice, neuropsychology has been inventive in some respects, in others merely introducing psychometric rigor to already existing neurological examinations. As described in greater detail in this book, developmental neuropsy­ chology is of even more recent origin.

Assessment of Young Developmentally Disabled Children (Perspectives in Developmental Psychology)

Our knowledge of the cognitive and social-emotional functioning of developmentally disabled infants and preschoolers derives, in large part, from our assessment of such children. This book has been developed to familiarize readers with the characteristics of developmentally disabled children, and to introduce to readers aspects of measurement that are of relevance to the assessment of atypical infants and preschoolers. The book has been developed with clinicians and prospective clinicians in mind. These are individuals who are committed to the care and education of developmentally disabled infants and preschoolers and the families of those children. The book has thus been written to provide support for the use of assessment data in planning early interven­ tion programs. Of special note in the development of this edited book is that it is divided into four major parts with interrelated chapters in each part. The authors of chapters in Parts II and III had access to the chapters in Part I before writing their chapters. The summary chap­ ters found in Part IV were similarly written by authors having access to all chapters in Parts I-III. This approach to the development of an edited book was chosen as a way of ensuring an integration of major concepts throughout the book. This process is also a reflection of our belief that assessment is an interdisciplinary process, involving the syn­ thesis of a number of diverse interests.

Attitudes and Decisions (Psychology Revivals)

The concept of attitude has long been a central part of social psychological theories. It is important in other disciplines too, such as economics, business studies, politics and sociology. Originally published in 1988, the authors of this text show how attitudes and motives are crucial in human decision-making, and explore the relationship between them. They look closely at the real context of people’s attitudes and behaviour, pointing out that attitudes are both a social product and an intrinsic part of social action. The authors show that theories of judgment, attitudes, attribution and decision-making can make important contributions to social issues such as the employment of nuclear energy, the storage of nuclear waste, health behaviour and medical decision-making. They emphasize that social psychology is relevant to a wide variety of social issues, deriving from the theoretical and distinctive methods that social psychology has developed.

Attitudes and Decisions (Psychology Revivals)

The concept of attitude has long been a central part of social psychological theories. It is important in other disciplines too, such as economics, business studies, politics and sociology. Originally published in 1988, the authors of this text show how attitudes and motives are crucial in human decision-making, and explore the relationship between them. They look closely at the real context of people’s attitudes and behaviour, pointing out that attitudes are both a social product and an intrinsic part of social action. The authors show that theories of judgment, attitudes, attribution and decision-making can make important contributions to social issues such as the employment of nuclear energy, the storage of nuclear waste, health behaviour and medical decision-making. They emphasize that social psychology is relevant to a wide variety of social issues, deriving from the theoretical and distinctive methods that social psychology has developed.

Autonomie und Gerechtigkeit: Das Beispiel der Familientherapie für eine therapeutische Ethik

Basissymptome und Endphänomene der Schizophrenie: Eine empirische Untersuchung der psychopathologischen Übergangsreihen zwischen defizitären und produktiven Schizophreniesymptomen (Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Psychiatrie #52)

Becoming an Ex: The Process of Role Exit

The experience of becoming an ex is common to most people in modern society. Unlike individuals in earlier cultures who usually spent their entire lives in one marriage, one career, one religion, one geographic locality, people living in today's world tend to move in and out of many roles in the course of a lifetime. During the past decade there has been persistent interest in these "passages" or "turning points," but very little research has dealt with what it means to leave behind a major role or incorporate it into a new identity. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh's pathbreaking inquiry into the phenomenon of becoming an ex reveals the profundity of this basic aspect of establishing an identity in contemporary life. Ebaugh is herself an ex, having left the life of a Catholic nun to become a wife, mother, and professor of sociology. Drawing on interviews with 185 people, Ebaugh explores a wide range of role changes, including ex-convicts, ex-alcoholics, divorced people, mothers without custody of their children, ex-doctors, ex-cops, retirees, ex-nuns, and—perhaps most dramatically—transsexuals. As this diverse sample reveals, Ebaugh focuses on voluntary exits from significant roles. What emerges are common stages of the role exit process—from disillusionment with a particular identity, to searching for alternative roles, to turning points that trigger a final decision to exit, and finally to the creation of an identify as an ex. Becoming an Ex is a challenging and influential study that will be of great interest to sociologists, mental health counselors, members of self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Parents Without Partners, those in corporate settings where turnover has widespread implications for the organization, and for anyone struggling through a role exit who is trying to establish a new sense of self.

Becoming an Ex: The Process of Role Exit

The experience of becoming an ex is common to most people in modern society. Unlike individuals in earlier cultures who usually spent their entire lives in one marriage, one career, one religion, one geographic locality, people living in today's world tend to move in and out of many roles in the course of a lifetime. During the past decade there has been persistent interest in these "passages" or "turning points," but very little research has dealt with what it means to leave behind a major role or incorporate it into a new identity. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh's pathbreaking inquiry into the phenomenon of becoming an ex reveals the profundity of this basic aspect of establishing an identity in contemporary life. Ebaugh is herself an ex, having left the life of a Catholic nun to become a wife, mother, and professor of sociology. Drawing on interviews with 185 people, Ebaugh explores a wide range of role changes, including ex-convicts, ex-alcoholics, divorced people, mothers without custody of their children, ex-doctors, ex-cops, retirees, ex-nuns, and—perhaps most dramatically—transsexuals. As this diverse sample reveals, Ebaugh focuses on voluntary exits from significant roles. What emerges are common stages of the role exit process—from disillusionment with a particular identity, to searching for alternative roles, to turning points that trigger a final decision to exit, and finally to the creation of an identify as an ex. Becoming an Ex is a challenging and influential study that will be of great interest to sociologists, mental health counselors, members of self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Parents Without Partners, those in corporate settings where turnover has widespread implications for the organization, and for anyone struggling through a role exit who is trying to establish a new sense of self.

Becoming an Ex: The Process of Role Exit

The experience of becoming an ex is common to most people in modern society. Unlike individuals in earlier cultures who usually spent their entire lives in one marriage, one career, one religion, one geographic locality, people living in today's world tend to move in and out of many roles in the course of a lifetime. During the past decade there has been persistent interest in these "passages" or "turning points," but very little research has dealt with what it means to leave behind a major role or incorporate it into a new identity. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh's pathbreaking inquiry into the phenomenon of becoming an ex reveals the profundity of this basic aspect of establishing an identity in contemporary life. Ebaugh is herself an ex, having left the life of a Catholic nun to become a wife, mother, and professor of sociology. Drawing on interviews with 185 people, Ebaugh explores a wide range of role changes, including ex-convicts, ex-alcoholics, divorced people, mothers without custody of their children, ex-doctors, ex-cops, retirees, ex-nuns, and—perhaps most dramatically—transsexuals. As this diverse sample reveals, Ebaugh focuses on voluntary exits from significant roles. What emerges are common stages of the role exit process—from disillusionment with a particular identity, to searching for alternative roles, to turning points that trigger a final decision to exit, and finally to the creation of an identify as an ex. Becoming an Ex is a challenging and influential study that will be of great interest to sociologists, mental health counselors, members of self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Parents Without Partners, those in corporate settings where turnover has widespread implications for the organization, and for anyone struggling through a role exit who is trying to establish a new sense of self.

Becoming an Ex: The Process of Role Exit

The experience of becoming an ex is common to most people in modern society. Unlike individuals in earlier cultures who usually spent their entire lives in one marriage, one career, one religion, one geographic locality, people living in today's world tend to move in and out of many roles in the course of a lifetime. During the past decade there has been persistent interest in these "passages" or "turning points," but very little research has dealt with what it means to leave behind a major role or incorporate it into a new identity. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh's pathbreaking inquiry into the phenomenon of becoming an ex reveals the profundity of this basic aspect of establishing an identity in contemporary life. Ebaugh is herself an ex, having left the life of a Catholic nun to become a wife, mother, and professor of sociology. Drawing on interviews with 185 people, Ebaugh explores a wide range of role changes, including ex-convicts, ex-alcoholics, divorced people, mothers without custody of their children, ex-doctors, ex-cops, retirees, ex-nuns, and—perhaps most dramatically—transsexuals. As this diverse sample reveals, Ebaugh focuses on voluntary exits from significant roles. What emerges are common stages of the role exit process—from disillusionment with a particular identity, to searching for alternative roles, to turning points that trigger a final decision to exit, and finally to the creation of an identify as an ex. Becoming an Ex is a challenging and influential study that will be of great interest to sociologists, mental health counselors, members of self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Parents Without Partners, those in corporate settings where turnover has widespread implications for the organization, and for anyone struggling through a role exit who is trying to establish a new sense of self.

Behavioral Medicine with the Developmentally Disabled

Since the late 1960s, the behavioral treatment of mentally retarded, au­ tistic, and other developmentally disabled persons has grown progres­ sively more sophisticated. The literature on behavioral treatment has produced effective and clinically significant programs for the reduction of maladaptive behaviors such as tantrums, aggression, and self-injury; skills deficits have been remediated through improved programs for language and life skills acquisition; and new environments have been opened in the creation of mainstream educational opportunities. In spite of these advances, it strikes us that this almost exclusive focus on behavior problems and skills remediation has been somewhat myopic and that much of the potential for application of behavioral science to solving problems of the developmentally disabled is as yet untapped. In the 1980s, an important revolution has taken place: the devel­ opment of the field of behavioral medicine. This field, in merging disease treatment and management with learning and behavior, has already made impressive progress toward a reconceptualization of health care that acknowledges the centrality of behavior in disease expression. Al­ though there has, as yet, been only a preliminary application of this reconceptualization to the field of developmental disabilities, we are convinced that further extension has great potential.

Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands, Memory and Information Processing: Psychometric, Psychopharmacological and Clinical Issues (Psychopharmacology Series #6)

The following papers were presented at an international workshop on benzo­ diazepine receptor ligands, memory and information processing, held during the 15th CINP meeting in Puerto Rico in December 1986 and organised by the editors and T. Roth. This workshop was aimed at reviewing and reflecting on past experience with benzodiazepines, evaluating the current state of knowledge of the actions of psychotropic orugs (particularly benzodiazepines, fJ-carbolines and benzodiazepine antagonists), and laying a basis of interest and speculation for future research into the potential use of these drugs in disorders of memory and information processing. There is much published material regarding the theoretical underpinnings of what psychologists call "memory", and doubtless there will be several more libraries filled with theses on the topic before a consensus is reached as regards basic definitions or even meaningful distinctions between for example, "short"­ and "long"-term memory - everyone has his own particular theory. The qualitative and quantitative diversity of the different approaches might seem to present an insurmountable problem for the psychologist seeking a unified conceptual framework. In practice the various theories produce a plethora of pragmatic and experimental techniques for psychopharmacologists and clinicians to use when investigating drugs with putative amnestic or promnestic properties.

Betäubungsmittelmißbrauch

Die Ausbreitung des Betäubungsmittelmißbrauchs (BTM) gibt seit Jahren Anlaß zur Besorgnis. Zahlreiche Länder sind, unabhängig von ihren gesellschaftlichen Systemen, dem Einfluß des Drogenmißbrauchs ausgesetzt. Erst die genaue Kenntnis der Tatsachen sowie das Sammeln neuer Erfahrungen und deren kritische Beurteilung erlauben eine Abschätzung von Diagnose, Prognose und Präventionsmöglichkeiten im Hinblick auf die aktuelle Situation des BTM-Mißbrauchs. In diesem Buch wird die aktuelle Situation des Betäubungsmittelmißbrauchs anhand epidemiologischer Befunde dargestellt. Die neuesten chemisch-analytischen Verfahren für eine differenzierte Diagnostik werden präsentiert, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der medikamentgestützten Entzugsbehandlung von Drogenabhängigen, insbesondere von Methadonprogrammen, vor dem Hintergrund der AIDS-Problematik diskutiert. Die Vielschichtigkeit der mit dem Betäubungsmittelmißbrauch zusammenhängenden Probleme verlangt eine gezielte Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Vertretern unterschiedlicher Disziplinen. Ärzte, Sozialarbeiter, Juristen, Kriminalbeamte, Psychologen und Drogenberater sind hier gefordert.

Bevölkerung · Individuum Gesellschaft: Theorien und soziale Dimensionen der Fortpflanzung (wv studium)

Ausgehend von einer anthropologischen Betrachtung und der Herausarbeitung des sozial Wesentlichen menschlicher Fortpflanzung und nach systematischer Begriffsentwicklung (Verhalten, generatives Handeln, Motivation u.a.) werden Bestimmungsgründe der Fortpflanzung behandelt. Bevölkerungspolitik und geburtenregelndes Handeln runden den ersten Teil ab.Der zweite Teil beschreibt und erörtert in einem ideengeschichtlichen Abriß die wichtigsten Stationen der Deutung und Erklärung des Bevölkerungs-, vor allem des Fortpflanzungsgeschehens und liefert anschließend einen Querschnitt neuerer Theorien, Ansätze, Modelle in der Ökonomie, Soziologie und Psychologie.

Bewältigung und Abwehr: Beiträge zur Psychologie und Psychotherapie schwerer körperlicher Krankheiten

Beyond Behaviorism (Psychology Library Editions: Cognitive Science)

Originally published in 1988, this title explores and contrasts means and ends psychology with conventional psychology – that of stimuli and response. The author develops this comparison by exploring the general nature of psychological phenomena and clarifying many persistent doubts about psychology. She contrasts conventional psychology (stimuli and responses) involving reductionistic, organocentric, and mechanistic metatheory with alternative psychology (means and ends) that is autonomous, contextual, and evolutionary.

Beyond Behaviorism (Psychology Library Editions: Cognitive Science)

Originally published in 1988, this title explores and contrasts means and ends psychology with conventional psychology – that of stimuli and response. The author develops this comparison by exploring the general nature of psychological phenomena and clarifying many persistent doubts about psychology. She contrasts conventional psychology (stimuli and responses) involving reductionistic, organocentric, and mechanistic metatheory with alternative psychology (means and ends) that is autonomous, contextual, and evolutionary.

Bio-psycho-soziale Grundlagen für die Medizin: Festschrift für Helmut Enke (PSZ-Drucke)

Die Erforschung der bio-psycho-sozialen Grundlagen der Medizin wird zunehmend notwendiger, weil die reine Beschränkung auf körperliche Aspekte von Krankheit nicht mehr dem Panoramawandel in der Medizin entspricht. Mit dem Einzug der Technologie in die medizinische Diagnostik wird für den modernen Arzt die Beziehung zum Patienten wieder wichtiger. Für die Forschung ergibt sich ein neues Spektrum von ungelösten Grundlagenproblemen. Das Buch führt in einige Grundlagenprobleme der Medizinischen Psychologie, Medizinischen Soziologie und Psychotherapie/Psychosomatik ein.

Biological Barriers in Behavioral Medicine (The Springer Series in Behavioral Psychophysiology and Medicine)

A "New Looking Glass" for Behavioral Medicine In 1984, John Briggs, a science writer and specialist in interdisciplinary studies teaching at the New School for Social Research, and F. David Peat, a physicist who was for many years a fellow with the National Research Council of Canada, published a book about the revolutions that were taking place in physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, and neu­ rophysiology and about the scientists whose new theories were changing our understanding about the nature of the universe. The title of their book was Looking Glass Universe, after Lewis Carroll's classic story of Alice and her friends, Through the Looking Glass. Briggs and Peat's book is a well-written, challenging volume about human beings and how they think about old problems in new and sometimes startling ways. I mention Briggs and Peat's book only partially because I happen to have a personal interest in the potential applications of new ways of looking at and thinking about nature and data derived from modern physics and systems theory for health psychology and behavioral medi­ cine (e. g. , Schwartz, 1984). In a letter Wolfgang Linden wrote to me on January 23,1987, he shared with me (at my request) his rough thoughts about his personal goals for this book.

Biological Contributions to Crime Causation (NATO Science Series D: #40)

This book presents reviews of the literature and reports of new findings from research into biological correlates of criminal behavior. The chapters are revised versions of talks given by participants in an Advanced Study Institute sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and held inCastelvecchio Pascoli in September, 1986. It is our second edited volume on biology and crime. The first book, The Causes of Cdme; New Biological Apwoaches, was published in 1987. In the preface to that book we described the regrettable hi. tory of the paeudobiological research into social problem. conducted by the Social Darwinists at the turn of the century. We requested that that unfortunate legacy not inhibit responsible and scientifically sound investigations of biological and psychological variables in criminology today. Evidence is mounting that showl that research limited to social and environmental vadables cannot explain the behavior of the minority of criminal offenders whose criminal careen begin in adolescence and develop into recidivistic and violent . . saults on society. Certainly these offenders are few, but epidemiological studies have found them to be responsible for an amount of crimes disproportionate to their small numbers. As few . . 5 % of males commit over 50% of criminal offenses. Intervention directed at these relatively few individuals could, if succes. ful, dramatically reduce our growing violent crime rate. The chapters in our earlier book showed that some biological variables do relate to this type of chronic offending.

Biological Determinants of Reinforcement: Biological Determinates of Reinforcement (Quantitative Analyses of Behavior Series)

This seventh volume, divided into four parts, addresses the biological determinates of reinforcement and memory. Covers topics in electrical brain stimulation, drugs and reinforcement, and cellular mechanisms.