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Elements of Surprise: Our Mental Limits and the Satisfactions of Plot
by Vera TobinWhy do some surprises delight—the endings of Agatha Christie novels, films like The Sixth Sense, the flash awareness that Pip’s benefactor is not (and never was!) Miss Havisham? Writing at the intersection of cognitive science and narrative pleasure, Vera Tobin explains how our brains conspire with stories to produce those revelatory plots that define a “well-made surprise.” By tracing the prevalence of surprise endings in both literary fiction and popular literature and showing how they exploit our mental limits, Tobin upends two common beliefs. The first is cognitive science’s tendency to consider biases a form of moral weakness and failure. The second is certain critics’ presumption that surprise endings are mere shallow gimmicks. The latter is simply not true, and the former tells at best half the story. Tobin shows that building a good plot twist is a complex art that reflects a sophisticated understanding of the human mind. Reading classic, popular, and obscure literature alongside the latest research in cognitive science, Tobin argues that a good surprise works by taking advantage of our mental limits. Elements of Surprise describes how cognitive biases, mental shortcuts, and quirks of memory conspire with stories to produce wondrous illusions, and also provides a sophisticated how-to guide for writers. In Tobin’s hands, the interactions of plot and cognition reveal the interdependencies of surprise, sympathy, and sense-making. The result is a new appreciation of the pleasures of being had.
Sexual Fluidity: Understanding Women's Love And Desire
by Lisa M DiamondThis unsettling and original book offers a radical new understanding of the context-dependent nature of female sexuality. Lisa Diamond argues that for some women, love and desire are not rigidly heterosexual or homosexual but fluid, changing as women move through the stages of life, various social groups, and, most important, different love relationships.
Teenage Citizens: The Political Theories Of The Young
by Constance A. FlanaganToo young to vote or pay taxes, teenagers are off the radar of political scientists. Yet civic identities form during adolescence and are rooted in experiences as members of families, schools, and community organizations. Flanagan helps us understand how young people come to envisage civic engagement, and how their political identities take form.
Alien Landscapes?: Interpreting Disordered Minds
by Jonathan GloverDo people with mental disorders share enough psychology with other people to make human interpretation possible? Jonathan Glover tackles the hard cases—violent criminals, people with delusions, autism, schizophrenia—to answer affirmatively. He offers values linked with agency and identity to guide how the boundaries of psychiatry should be drawn.
In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory And Women's Development
by Carol GilliganThis is the little book that started a revolution, making women's voices heard, in their own right and with their own integrity, for virtually the first time in social scientific theorizing about women. Its impact was immediate and continues to this day, in the academic world and beyond. Translated into sixteen languages, with more than 700,000 copies sold around the world, In a Different Voice has inspired new research, new educational initiatives, and political debate—and helped many women and men to see themselves and each other in a different light.
Teacher Development and Teacher Education in Developing Countries: On Becoming and Being a Teacher
by Ayesha BashiruddinThis book contributes to understanding of how individual teachers in developing countries grow and evolve throughout their careers. Based on the analysis of 150 autobiographies of teachers from a range of regions in the developing world including Central Asia, South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East, the author celebrates individual teachers’ voices and explores their narratives. What can these narratives tell us about ‘becoming’ and 'being’ a teacher, and the process of teacher development? What is different about ‘becoming’ and ‘being’ a teacher in the developing world? By analysing the distinct narratives, the author explores these central questions and discusses the implications for further teacher development and education in these regions. In doing so, she transforms teachers’ embodied knowledge into public knowledge, shining a light onto the challenges they face in the Global South and exploring how research can be advanced in the future. This uniquely researched book will be of interest and value to students and scholars of education in the developing world.
Teacher Development and Teacher Education in Developing Countries: On Becoming and Being a Teacher
by Ayesha BashiruddinThis book contributes to understanding of how individual teachers in developing countries grow and evolve throughout their careers. Based on the analysis of 150 autobiographies of teachers from a range of regions in the developing world including Central Asia, South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East, the author celebrates individual teachers’ voices and explores their narratives. What can these narratives tell us about ‘becoming’ and 'being’ a teacher, and the process of teacher development? What is different about ‘becoming’ and ‘being’ a teacher in the developing world? By analysing the distinct narratives, the author explores these central questions and discusses the implications for further teacher development and education in these regions. In doing so, she transforms teachers’ embodied knowledge into public knowledge, shining a light onto the challenges they face in the Global South and exploring how research can be advanced in the future. This uniquely researched book will be of interest and value to students and scholars of education in the developing world.
Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering The Adaptive Unconscious
by Timothy D. Wilson"Know thyself," a precept as old as Socrates, is still good advice. But is introspection the best path to self-knowledge? Wilson makes the case for better ways of discovering our unconscious selves. If you want to know who you are or what you feel or what you're like, Wilson advises, pay attention to what you actually do and what other people think about you. Showing us an unconscious more powerful than Freud's, and even more pervasive in our daily life, Strangers to Ourselves marks a revolution in how we know ourselves.
Curious Behavior: Yawning, Laughing, Hiccupping, And Beyond
by Robert R. ProvineProvine boldly goes where other scientists seldom tread—in search of hiccups, coughs, yawns, sneezes, and other lowly, undignified, human behaviors. Our earthiest instinctive acts bear the imprint of our evolutionary origins and can be valuable tools for understanding how the human brain works and what makes us different from other species.
School Counselors as Practitioners: Building on Theory, Standards, and Experience for Optimal Performance
by Lisa A. Wines Judy A. NelsonDesigned for school counseling course work and as a reference for school district personnel, this text demystifies the roles and responsibilities of the school counselor and teaches students and practitioners how to perform, conduct, follow through, and carry out various roles and responsibilities required on the job. School Counselors as Practitioners conveys strategic, step-by-step processes and best practice recommendations, with emphasis on ethical and multicultural considerations. The 14 chapters in this textbook maintain, and are consistent with, the basis of school counselors’ work in the school counseling core curriculum, responsive services, individual planning, and system support, and special attention is paid to ASCA and CACREP standards. A companion website provides students with templates and handouts for on-the-job responsibilities, as well as quiz questions for every chapter.
The Idea Of The Muslim World: A Global Intellectual History
by Cemil AydinAs Cemil Aydin explains in this provocative history, it is a misconception to think that the world’s 1.5 billion Muslims constitute a single religio-political entity. How did this mistaken belief arise, why is it so widespread, and how can its grip be loosened so that a more fruitful discussion about politics in Muslim societies can begin?
Personal Autonomy In Plural Societies: A Principle And Its Paradoxes (Law And Anthropology Ser.)
by Marie-Claire Foblets Michele Graziadei Alison Dundes RentelnThis volume addresses the exercise of personal autonomy in contemporary situations of normative pluralism. In the Western liberal tradition, from a strictly legal and theoretical perspective the social individual has the right to exercise the autonomy of his or her will. In a context of legal plurality, however, personal autonomy becomes more complicated. Can and should personal autonomy be recognized as a legal foundation for protecting a person’s freedom to renounce what others view as his or her fundamental ‘human rights’? This collection develops an interdisciplinary conceptual framework to address these questions and presents empirical studies examining the gap between the principle of personal autonomy and its implementation. In a context of cultural diversity, this gap manifests itself in two particular ways. First, not every culture gives the same pre-eminence to personal autonomy when examining the legal effects of an individual’s acts. Second, in a society characterized by ‘weak pluralism’, the legal assessment of personal autonomy often favours the views of the dominant majority. In highlighting these diverse perspectives and problematizing the so-called ‘guardian function’ of human rights, i.e., purporting to protect weaker parties by limiting their personal autonomy in the name of gender equality, fair trial, etc., this book offers a nuanced approach to the principle of autonomy and addresses the questions of whether it can effectively be deployed in situations of internormativity and what conditions must be met in order to ensure that it is not rendered devoid of all meaning.
Personal Autonomy In Plural Societies: A Principle And Its Paradoxes (PDF) (Law And Anthropology Ser.)
by Marie-Claire Foblets Michele Graziadei Alison Dundes RentelnThis volume addresses the exercise of personal autonomy in contemporary situations of normative pluralism. In the Western liberal tradition, from a strictly legal and theoretical perspective the social individual has the right to exercise the autonomy of his or her will. In a context of legal plurality, however, personal autonomy becomes more complicated. Can and should personal autonomy be recognized as a legal foundation for protecting a person’s freedom to renounce what others view as his or her fundamental ‘human rights’? This collection develops an interdisciplinary conceptual framework to address these questions and presents empirical studies examining the gap between the principle of personal autonomy and its implementation. In a context of cultural diversity, this gap manifests itself in two particular ways. First, not every culture gives the same pre-eminence to personal autonomy when examining the legal effects of an individual’s acts. Second, in a society characterized by ‘weak pluralism’, the legal assessment of personal autonomy often favours the views of the dominant majority. In highlighting these diverse perspectives and problematizing the so-called ‘guardian function’ of human rights, i.e., purporting to protect weaker parties by limiting their personal autonomy in the name of gender equality, fair trial, etc., this book offers a nuanced approach to the principle of autonomy and addresses the questions of whether it can effectively be deployed in situations of internormativity and what conditions must be met in order to ensure that it is not rendered devoid of all meaning.
Numbers and the Making of Us: Counting and the Course of Human Cultures
by Caleb EverettNumber concepts are a human invention developed and refined over millennia. They allow us to grasp quantities precisely: recent research shows that most specific quantities are not perceived in the absence of a number system. Numbers are not innate or universal; yet without them, the world as we know it would not exist.
Freud: In His Time And Ours
by Élisabeth RoudinescoÉlisabeth Roudinesco’s bold reinterpretation of Sigmund Freud is a biography for the twenty-first century—a sympathetic yet impartial appraisal of a genius admired but misunderstood in his time and ours. Alert to tensions in his character and thought, she views Freud less as a scientific thinker than as an interpreter of civilization and culture.
A Natural History of Human Thinking
by Michael TomaselloTool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what fundamentally differentiates human beings from other animals. Michael Tomasello weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness. Tomasello maintains that our prehuman ancestors, like today's great apes, were social beings who could solve problems by thinking. But they were almost entirely competitive, aiming only at their individual goals. As ecological changes forced them into more cooperative living arrangements, early humans had to coordinate their actions and communicate their thoughts with collaborative partners. Tomasello's "shared intentionality hypothesis" captures how these more socially complex forms of life led to more conceptually complex forms of thinking. In order to survive, humans had to learn to see the world from multiple social perspectives, to draw socially recursive inferences, and to monitor their own thinking via the normative standards of the group. Even language and culture arose from the preexisting need to work together and coordinate thoughts. A Natural History of Human Thinking is the most detailed scientific analysis to date of the connection between human sociality and cognition.
Make It Stick: The Science Of Successful Learning
by Peter C. BrownDrawing on cognitive psychology and other fields, Make It Stick offers techniques for becoming more productive learners, and cautions against study habits and practice routines that turn out to be counterproductive. The book speaks to students, teachers, trainers, athletes, and all those interested in lifelong learning and self-improvement.
The Real World Guide To Psychotherapy Practice.pdf
by Alex N. Sabo Leston HavensManaged care has radically reshaped health care in the United States, and private long-term psychotherapy is increasingly a thing of the past. The corporization of mental health care often puts therapists in professional quandries. How can they do the therapeutic work they were trained to do with clients whom they may barely know, whose care is intruded upon by managed care adminstrators? With unrelenting pressure to substitute medications for therapy and standardized behaviour protocols for individualized approaches, what becomes of the therapist-client relationship?;Unflinchingly honest, "The Real World Guide to Psychotherapy Practice" offers both compelling stories and practical advice on maintaining one's therapeutic integrity in the managed care era. Resisting a one-size-fits-all approach, the authors focus on the principles of forming relationships with patients, and especially patients likely to be under-served (eg. the uninsured poor) or difficult to treat. "The Real World Guide to Psychotherapy Practice" gives voice to therapists' frustrations with the administrative constraints under which they work. But it accepts and offers guidance and inspiration to committed therapists everywhere.
The Little Book of Lykke: The Danish Search for the World's Happiest People
by Meik WikingLykke (Luu-kah) (n): Happiness It's easy to see why Denmark is often called the world's happiest country. Not only do they have equal parental leave for men and women, free higher education and trains that run on time, but they burn more candles per household than anywhere else.So nobody knows more about happiness - what the Danes call lykke - than Meik Wiking, CEO of the Happiness Research Institute in Copenhagen and author of the bestselling sensation The Little Book of Hygge. But he believes that, whilst we can certainly learn a lot from the Danes about finding fulfilment, the keys to happiness are actually buried all around the globe.In this captivating book, he takes us on a treasure hunt to unlock the doors to inner fulfilment. From how we spend our precious time, to how we relate to our neighbours and cook dinner, he gathers evidence, stories and tips from the very happiest corners of the planet. This is the ultimate guide to how we can all find a little more lykke in our lives.
The Sense of Hearing
by Christopher J. PlackThe Sense of Hearing is a truly accessible introduction to auditory perception that is intended for students approaching the subject for the first time, and as a foundation for more advanced study. The second edition has been thoroughly revised throughout, and included new chapters on music, hearing impairment, and a new appendix describing research methodologies. In clear and authoritative prose, the fundamental aspects of hearing are addressed. The reader is introduced to the nature of sound and the spectrum, and the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system. Basic auditory processes including frequency selectivity, loudness and pitch perception, temporal resolution, and sound localization are explained. The reader is led to an understanding of the remarkable abilities of the auditory system in a systematic and coherent way. In subsequent chapters, it is shown how complex processes, such as perceptual organization, speech perception, and music perception, are dependent on the initial analysis that occurs when sounds enter the ear. Finally, a chapter on hearing impairment provides an introduction to disorders of the auditory system.The text benefits from 162 original illustrations, including uncluttered diagrams that illuminate auditory mechanisms. An extensive glossary provides definitions of technical terms. The emphasis is on explanation and clarity of style throughout, making The Sense of Hearing an essential resource for students and educators involved in this sometimes challenging field.
Developmental Neuropsychology: A Clinical Approach (Brain, Behaviour and Cognition)
by Vicki Anderson Elisabeth Northam Jacquie WrennallThis fully updated edition of Developmental Neuropsychology: A Clinical Approach addresses key issues in child neuropsychology with a unique emphasis on evidence-informed clinical practice rather than research issues. Although research findings are presented, they are described with emphasis on what is relevant for assessment, treatment and management of paediatric conditions. The authors focus on a number of areas. First, the text examines the natural history of childhood central nervous system (CNS) insult, highlighting studies where children have been followed over time to determine the impact of injury on ongoing development. Second, processes of normal and abnormal cerebral and cognitive development are outlined and the concepts of brain plasticity and the impact of early CNS insult discussed. Third, using a number of common childhood CNS disorders as examples, the authors develop a model which describes the complex interaction among biological, psychosocial and cognitive factors in the brain-injured child. Finally, principles of evidence-based assessment, diagnosis and intervention are discussed. The text will be of use on advanced undergraduate courses in developmental neuropsychology, postgraduate clinical training programmes and for professionals working with children in clinical psychology, clinical neuropsychology and educational and rehabilitation contexts. The text is also an important reference for those working in paediatric research.
Meatless Days: Introduction by the winner of the 2018 Women's Prize for Fiction Kamila Shamsie (Flamingo Ser.)
by Sara Suleri'Some of the more heart-shaking writing about love and grief I've ever read' Kamila Shamsie, from the introductionMeatless Days is a searing memoir of life in the newly-created country of Pakistan. When sudden and shocking tragedies hit the author's family two years apart, her personal crisis spirals into a wider meditation on universal questions: about being a woman when you're too busy being a mother or a sister or a wife to consider your own womanhood; about how it feels to begin life in a new language; about how our lives are changed by the people that leave them. This is a heart-breaking, hopeful and profound book that will get under your skin.'Extraordinary... as an evocation of family love, with all its sharpness, pain and need, Meatless Days is almost faultless' New Statesman
Play On: How to Get Better With Age
by Jeff BercoviciHow do the world's best athletes combat ageing, and what you can do to keep up?"Encouraging reading for jocks who are late to the game but committed to the win all the same." Kirkus Review "An energetic romp" that "smartly separates science from quackery." Publishers WeeklySports are about challenging our physical limits. But the greatest limit of all remains undefeated: age. Not, though, for the likes of Roger Federer, Tom Brady and Jo Pavey. What are they doing that you can too?Play On teaches us that it's not aging that causes a decline in fitness; rather, a decline in fitness causes aging.Full of cutting-edge science, technology and practical tips, Play On empowers you to reverse the ageing process, and stay younger for longer.
Mayhem: A Memoir
by Sigrid RausingA Sunday Times Book of the Year'Riveting, clear-sighted and exceptionally articulate... Her literary and psychoanalytic fluency gives the book an impact that feels arrestingly honest... Heartbreaking' Daily Telegraph 'This is a fierce, lyrical, and lucid memoir that asks agonizing questions about guilt, innocence, and judgment and reminds us how difficult it can be to untangle one from the other' Siri Hustvedt'Powerful, spare [and] striking' Observer 'Unique and haunting' Sunday Times 'What gives this book its astonishing power is not the guilt, but the intelligence and literary skill. Beautifully structured... Rausing sets the scene with painterly delicacy and then steps back to analyse the implications of what she has revealed' Guardian A searingly powerful memoir about the impact of addiction on a familyIn the summer of 2012 a woman named Eva was found dead in the London townhouse she shared with her husband, Hans K. Rausing. The couple had struggled with drug addiction for years, often under the glare of tabloid headlines. Now, writing with singular clarity and restraint the editor and publisher Sigrid Rausing, tries to make sense of what happened to her brother and his wife.In Mayhem, she asks the difficult questions those close to the world of addiction must face. 'Who can help the addict, consumed by a shaming hunger, a need beyond control? There is no medicine: the drugs are the medicine. And who can help their families, so implicated in the self-destruction of the addict? Who can help when the very notion of 'help' becomes synonymous with an exercise of power; a familial police state; an end to freedom, in the addict's mind?'
It Takes a Tribe: Building the Tough Mudder Movement
by Will DeanWinner of the Business Book Awards 'Startup Inspiration' category ------Tough Mudder is not a race. It's a challenge.Unlike other endurance events, Tough Mudder encourages team spirit. The course's design forces you to seek help from others and with twenty obstacles, forty tons of ice and five hundred thousand litres of Grade-A mud set over ten to twelve miles, you're going to need it.This revival of community is the key to the company's success. In It Takes a Tribe, co-founder and CEO Will Dean explores the mental, physical and social principles behind the experience and reveals how he built a global tribe. Arguing for clear principles, bravery and persistence, Dean shows a new generation of entrepreneurs why it's important to create a brand that people identify with and love.It Takes a Tribe is the astonishing inside story of Tough Mudder, and a textbook for anyone looking to start a business or find more followers.'Gripping - reveals what it takes to stand by your values' ADAM GRANT, Wharton professor and bestselling author of Originals and co-author of Option BWill Dean is co-founder and CEO of Tough Mudder. Will was included in Fortune's '40 Under 40' list and received the US National EY Entrepreneur Of The Year Emerging Award. He was born in the UK and is a graduate of the University of Bristol and Harvard Business School. Prior to founding Tough Mudder, he worked as a counter-terrorism officer at the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. He divides his time between London and New York.