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Writing In-House Medical Device Software in Compliance with EU, UK, and US Regulations
by Philip S. Cosgriff Matthew J. MemmottThis book is a comprehensive guide to producing medical software for routine clinical use. It is a practical guidebook for medical professionals developing software to ensure compliance with medical device regulations for software products intended to be sold commercially, shared with healthcare colleagues in other hospitals, or simply used in-house.It compares requirements and latest regulations in different global territories, including the most recent EU regulations as well as UK and US regulations.This book is a valuable resource for practising clinical scientists producing medical software in-house, in addition to other medical staff writing small apps for clinical use, clinical scientist trainees, and software engineers considering a move into healthcare. The academic level is post-graduate, as readers will require a basic knowledge of software engineering principles and practice.Key Features: Up to date with the latest regulations in the UK, the EU, and the US Useful for those producing medical software for routine clinical use Contains best practice
Writing In-House Medical Device Software in Compliance with EU, UK, and US Regulations
by Philip S. Cosgriff Matthew J. MemmottThis book is a comprehensive guide to producing medical software for routine clinical use. It is a practical guidebook for medical professionals developing software to ensure compliance with medical device regulations for software products intended to be sold commercially, shared with healthcare colleagues in other hospitals, or simply used in-house.It compares requirements and latest regulations in different global territories, including the most recent EU regulations as well as UK and US regulations.This book is a valuable resource for practising clinical scientists producing medical software in-house, in addition to other medical staff writing small apps for clinical use, clinical scientist trainees, and software engineers considering a move into healthcare. The academic level is post-graduate, as readers will require a basic knowledge of software engineering principles and practice.Key Features: Up to date with the latest regulations in the UK, the EU, and the US Useful for those producing medical software for routine clinical use Contains best practice
Apollo's Eye: A Cartographic Genealogy of the Earth in the Western Imagination
by Carmen P. Cosgrove"Earthbound humans are unable to embrace more than a tiny part of the planetary surface. But in their imagination they can grasp the whole of the earth, as a surface or a solid body, to locate it within infinities of space and to communicate and share images of it."—from the Preface Long before we had the ability to photograph the earth from space—to see our planet as it would be seen by the Greek god Apollo—images of the earth as a globe had captured popular imagination. In Apollo's Eye, geographer Denis Cosgrove examines the historical implications for the West of conceiving and representing the earth as a globe: a unified, spherical body. Cosgrove traces how ideas of globalism and globalization have shifted historically in relation to changing images of the earth, from antiquity to the Space Age. He connects the evolving image of a unified globe to politically powerful conceptions of human unity.
CCEA A-level Year 2 Physics Student Guide 3: A2 Unit 1 (PDF)
by Ferguson CosgroveReinforce students' understanding throughout their course; clear topic summaries with sample questions and answers will improve exam technique to achieve higher gradesWritten by examiners and teachers, Student Guides:· Help students identify what they need to know with a concise summary of the topics examined in the AS and A-level specification· Consolidate understanding with exam tips and knowledge check questions· Provide opportunities to improve exam technique with sample graded answers to exam-style questions· Develop independent learning and research skills · Provide the content for generating individual revision notes
CCEA A-level Year 2 Physics Student Guide 4: A2 Unit 2 (PDF)
by Ferguson CosgroveReinforce students' understanding throughout their course; clear topic summaries with sample questions and answers will improve exam technique to achieve higher gradesWritten by examiners and teachers, Student Guides:· Help students identify what they need to know with a concise summary of the topics examined in the AS and A-level specification· Consolidate understanding with exam tips and knowledge check questions· Provide opportunities to improve exam technique with sample graded answers to exam-style questions· Develop independent learning and research skills · Provide the content for generating individual revision notes
CCEA AS Unit 1 Physics Student Guide: Forces, energy and electricity (PDF)
by Ferguson CosgroveReinforce students' understanding throughout their course; clear topic summaries with sample questions and answers will improve exam technique to achieve higher grades.Written by examiners and teachers, Student Guides:· Help students identify what they need to know with a concise summary of the topics examined in the AS and A-level specification· Consolidate understanding with exam tips and knowledge check questions· Provide opportunities to improve exam technique with sample graded answers to exam-style questions· Develop independent learning and research skills · Provide the content for generating individual revision notes
CCEA AS Unit 2 Physics Student Guide: Waves, photons and astronomy (PDF)
by Ferguson CosgroveReinforce students' understanding throughout their course; clear topic summaries with sample questions and answers will improve exam technique to achieve higher grades.Written by examiners and teachers, Student Guides:· Help students identify what they need to know with a concise summary of the topics examined in the AS and A-level specification· Consolidate understanding with exam tips and knowledge check questions· Provide opportunities to improve exam technique with sample graded answers to exam-style questions· Develop independent learning and research skills · Provide the content for generating individual revision notes
Relativity without Spacetime
by Joseph K. CosgroveIn 1908, three years after Einstein first published his special theory of relativity, the mathematician Hermann Minkowski introduced his four-dimensional “spacetime” interpretation of the theory. Einstein initially dismissed Minkowski’s theory, remarking that “since the mathematicians have invaded the theory of relativity I do not understand it myself anymore.” Yet Minkowski’s theory soon found wide acceptance among physicists, including eventually Einstein himself, whose conversion to Minkowski’s way of thinking was engendered by the realization that he could profitably employ it for the formulation of his new theory of gravity. The validity of Minkowski’s mathematical “merging” of space and time has rarely been questioned by either physicists or philosophers since Einstein incorporated it into his theory of gravity. Physicists often employ Minkowski spacetime with little regard to the whether it provides a true account of the physical world as opposed to a useful mathematical tool in the theory of relativity. Philosophers sometimes treat the philosophy of space and time as if it were a mere appendix to Minkowski’s theory. In this critical study, Joseph Cosgrove subjects the concept of spacetime to a comprehensive examination and concludes that Einstein’s initial assessment of Minkowksi was essentially correct.
Colloid Science: Principles, Methods and Applications
by Terence CosgroveColloidal systems are important across a range of industries, such as the food, pharmaceutical, agrochemical, cosmetics, polymer, paint and oil industries, and form the basis of a wide range of products (eg cosmetics & toiletries, processed foodstuffs and photographic film). A detailed understanding of their formation, control and application is required in those industries, yet many new graduate or postgraduate chemists or chemical engineers have little or no direct experience of colloids. Based on lectures given at the highly successful Bristol Colloid Centre Spring School, Colloid Science: Principles, Methods and Applications provides a thorough introduction to colloid science for industrial chemists, technologists and engineers. Lectures are collated and presented in a coherent and logical text on practical colloid science.
The Resonant Recognition Model of Macromolecular Bioactivity: Theory and Applications (Biomethods)
by Irena CosicBiological processes in any living organism are based on selective interactions be tween particular biomolecules. In most cases, these interactions involve and are driven by proteins, which are the main conductors of any life process within the organism. The physical nature of these interactions is still not well known. This book presents an entirely new approach to analysis of biomolecular in teractions, in particular protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, based on the assumption that these interactions are electromagnetic in nature. This new ap proach is the basis of the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which was devel oped over the last 15 years. Certain periodicities within the distribution of energies of delocalised electrons along a protein molecule are crucial to the protein's biological function, i.e. inter action with its target. If protein conductivity were introduced, then charges mov ing through the protein backbone might produce electromagnetic irradiation or ab sorption with spectral characteristics corresponding to energy distribution along the protein. The RRM is capable of calculating these spectral characteristics, which we hypothesized would be in the range of the infrared and visible light. These characteristics were confirmed with frequency characteristics obtained ex perimentally for certain light-induced biological processes.
Integration of Information for Environmental Security: Environmental Security - Information Security - Disaster Forecast and Prevention - Water Resources Management (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security)
by H. Gonca Coskun H. Kerem Cigizoglu M. Derya MaktavWater management and disasters, including droughts and floods are becoming very important subjects in the international platforms. This book will provide information about high technology techniques to solve important problems using remote sensing and GIS for topics such as the environmental security, water resources management, disaster forecast and prevention and information security.
Supernovae and Supernova Remnants: Proceedings of the International Conference on Supernovae Held in Lecce, Italy, May 7–11, 1973 (Astrophysics and Space Science Library #45)
by C. B. CosmoviciThis conference is a tribute to those astronomers who pioneered the investigation of this subject such a short time ago and who carried it through to its present state. (H. Arp, Concluding Remarks of the Conference) A previous conference, covering mainly the observational aspects of Supernovae, was held at the Haute Provence Observatory in September 1963. In the following ten years this field of research has considerably increased; it seemed, therefore, the right time to organize an international conference on Supernovae taking into account that in the meantime important discoveries, such as the Pulsars, had been made, and new techniques of observation were available. This book contains the proceedings of this conference held at Porto Cesareo (Lecce), Italy, during the period May 7 through 11, 1973. About one hundred participants from eighteen countries attended the conference. It was also the first attempt to hold an international conference in the Salento, the southernmost region of Apulia, in whose capital, Lecce, the newly founded Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lecce is located. The program of the conference included the results and techniques of Supernova surveys, photometric and spectral studies, statistics of Supernovae, Supernova Rem nants, and finally, theories on Supernovae and Supernova Remnants.
Novel Phytoplankton Blooms: Causes and Impacts of Recurrent Brown Tides and Other Unusual Blooms (Coastal and Estuarine Studies #35)
by E. M. Cosper V. M. Bricelj E. J. CarpenterA massive phytoplankton bloom, locally termed "brown tide", suddenly appeared in Long Island marine bays in 1985, colored the water a dark brown, decimated eelgrass beds and caused catastrophic starvation and recruitment failure of commercially important bay scallop populations. These "brown tide" blooms, caused by a very small, previously undescribed chrysophyte alga, have directly affected the estuarine environments of three northeastern American states: Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey. other phytoplankton blooms such as "red tides" caused by dinoflagellates and "green tides" from chlorophytes as well as blue-green algae blooms have long been recognized and studied world wide, however, the unusual nature of these "brown tide" blooms caught the interest of many people. Scientists were particularly intrigued by the discovery of a previously unknown microalga which provided the opportunity to learn more about small microalgae, picoplankters, which are usually ignored due to the difficulty in identifying species. A symposium entitled, "Novel Phytoplankton Blooms: Causes and Impacts of Recurrent Brown Tides and Other Unusual Blooms", was convened on October 27 and 28 at the State University of New York at Stony Brook on Long Island, with 220 registrants and nearly 50 scientific papers presented by researchers from the united States as well as Europe. The conference documented unusual bloom occurrences of recent and past years on a worldwide basis as well as northeast regional recurrences of the previously unknown "brown tide" blooms.
Accelerator Radiation Physics for Personnel and Environmental Protection
by J. Donald Cossairt Matthew QuinnChoice Recommended Title, January 2020 Providing a vital resource in tune with the massive advancements in accelerator technologies that have taken place over the past 50 years, Accelerator Radiation Physics for Personnel and Environmental Protection is a comprehensive reference for accelerator designers, operators, managers, health and safety staff, and governmental regulators. Up-to-date with the latest developments in the field, it allows readers to effectively work together to ensure radiation safety for workers, to protect the environment, and adhere to all applicable standards and regulations. This book will also be of interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics and engineering who are studying accelerator physics. Features: Explores accelerator radiation physics and the latest results and research in a comprehensive single volume, fulfilling a need in the market for an up-to-date book on this topic Contains problems designed to enhance learning Addresses undergraduates with a background in math and/or science
Accelerator Radiation Physics for Personnel and Environmental Protection
by J. Donald Cossairt Matthew QuinnChoice Recommended Title, January 2020 Providing a vital resource in tune with the massive advancements in accelerator technologies that have taken place over the past 50 years, Accelerator Radiation Physics for Personnel and Environmental Protection is a comprehensive reference for accelerator designers, operators, managers, health and safety staff, and governmental regulators. Up-to-date with the latest developments in the field, it allows readers to effectively work together to ensure radiation safety for workers, to protect the environment, and adhere to all applicable standards and regulations. This book will also be of interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics and engineering who are studying accelerator physics. Features: Explores accelerator radiation physics and the latest results and research in a comprehensive single volume, fulfilling a need in the market for an up-to-date book on this topic Contains problems designed to enhance learning Addresses undergraduates with a background in math and/or science
Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection (Cytometric Cellular Analysis #7)
by Andrea Cossarizza David KaplanCellular Aspects of HIV Infection provides a highly readable, detailed overview of the state of the art in modern HIV research at the cellular level. This volume brings together renowned experts who have provided concise, synthetic treatments of the biology of HIV infection. It presents these descriptions and analyses with particular attention to the techniques of flow cytometry that have allowed us to not only observe the course of HIV infection and the immune system's response to it, but have also increased our ability to treat patients and understand their response to therapy. The book is divided into five sections covering molecules and cells, pathophysiological processes, technologies, and organisms. A perspective on future therapies concludes the book. Each chapter offers an intelligent, concise synthesis of the topic, highlighting the biological principles and technologies involved in the study of HIV infection. Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection is an indispensable, up-to-date guide for immunologists, virologists, clinicians, and researchers.
The New Microbiology: From Microbiomes to CRISPR (ASM Books #52)
by Pascale CossartMicrobiology has undergone radical changes over the past few decades, ushering in an exciting new era in science. In The New Microbiology, Pascale Cossart tells a splendid story about the revolution in microbiology, especially in bacteriology. This story has wide-ranging implications for human health and medicine, agriculture, environmental science, and our understanding of evolution. The revolution results from the powerful tools of molecular and cellular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, which have yielded amazing discoveries, from entire genome sequences to video of bacteria invading host cells. This book is for both scientists and especially nonscientists who would like to learn more about the extraordinary world of bacteria. Dr. Cossart's overview of the field of microbiology research, from infectious disease history to the ongoing scientific revolution resulting from CRISPR technologies, is presented in four parts. New concepts in microbiology introduces the world of bacteria and some recent discoveries about how they live, such as the role of regulatory RNAs including riboswitches, the CRISPR defense system, and resistance to antibiotics. Sociomicrobiology: the social lives of bacteria helps us see the new paradigm by which scientists view bacteria as highly social creatures that communicate in many ways, for example in the assemblies that reside in our intestine or in the environment. The biology of infections reviews some of history's worst epidemics and describes current and emerging infectious diseases, the organisms that cause them, and how they produce an infection. Bacteria as tools introduces us to molecules derived from microbes that scientists have harnessed in the service of research and medicine, including the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology. The New Microbiology takes us on a journey through a remarkable revolution in science that is occurring here and now.
The New Microbiology: From Microbiomes to CRISPR (ASM Books)
by Pascale CossartMicrobiology has undergone radical changes over the past few decades, ushering in an exciting new era in science. In The New Microbiology, Pascale Cossart tells a splendid story about the revolution in microbiology, especially in bacteriology. This story has wide-ranging implications for human health and medicine, agriculture, environmental science, and our understanding of evolution. The revolution results from the powerful tools of molecular and cellular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, which have yielded amazing discoveries, from entire genome sequences to video of bacteria invading host cells. This book is for both scientists and especially nonscientists who would like to learn more about the extraordinary world of bacteria. Dr. Cossart's overview of the field of microbiology research, from infectious disease history to the ongoing scientific revolution resulting from CRISPR technologies, is presented in four parts. New concepts in microbiology introduces the world of bacteria and some recent discoveries about how they live, such as the role of regulatory RNAs including riboswitches, the CRISPR defense system, and resistance to antibiotics. Sociomicrobiology: the social lives of bacteria helps us see the new paradigm by which scientists view bacteria as highly social creatures that communicate in many ways, for example in the assemblies that reside in our intestine or in the environment. The biology of infections reviews some of history's worst epidemics and describes current and emerging infectious diseases, the organisms that cause them, and how they produce an infection. Bacteria as tools introduces us to molecules derived from microbes that scientists have harnessed in the service of research and medicine, including the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology. The New Microbiology takes us on a journey through a remarkable revolution in science that is occurring here and now.
Interstitial, Endocavitary and Perfusional Hyperthermia: Methods and Clinical Trials (Clinical Thermology)
by J. M. Cosset K. H. Bichler W. L. Strohmaier J. Steimann S. H. Flüchter K. Sugimachi H. Matsuda F. Truchetet E. Grosshans J. C. Kretz J. Friedel C. Chartier"Internal" hyperthermia is a type of thermotherapy by which heat is sup plied to tumor tissue in situ. There are three different techniques for pro viding internal hyperthermia: (1) interstitial hyperthermia using implanted needle probes, (2) intracavitary hyperthermia using probes introduced into natural body cavities, and (3) perfusional hyperthermia by means of ex tracorporal blood heating. Compared with external hyperthermia, internal hyperthermia has been preferentially accepted by oncologists because it can be more easily combined with other forms of treatment, e. g., interstitial thermotherapy with brachytherapy, or perfusional hyperthermia with che motherapy. Various types of equipment for interstitial and intracavitary thermotherapy have been developed and used quite extensively in clinical trials, generally in combination with radiation therapy. There are four different methods for producing interstitial or intracavitary hyperthermia, each related to different types of heating. Most studies have been performed using radiofrequency electrodes (resistive heating) or coaxial microwave antennas (radiative heating). Recently, however, "hot source" techniques that rely on thermal conduction and blood flow convection for heat transport have found clinical application. These techniques include ferromagnetic implants activated by hot water or by electrical means. In the near future, new methods for in terstitial or intraluminal heating based upon advanced ultrasonic and laser technologies will be developed.
Temperature Biology of Animals
by Andrew CossinsTemperature is one facet in the mosaic of physical and biotic factors that describes the niche of an animal. Ofthe physical factors it is ecologically the most important. for it is a factor that is all-pervasive and one that. in most environments. lacks spatial or temporal constancy. Evolution has produced a wide variety of adaptive strategies and tactics to exploit or deal with this variable environmental factor. The ease with which temperature can be measured. and controlled experimentally. together with its widespread influence on the affairs of animals. has understandably led to a large. dispersed literature. In spite of this no recent book provides a comprehensive treatment of the biology of animals in relation to temperature. Our intention in writing this book was to fill that gap. We hope we have provided a modern statement with a critical synthesis of this diverse field. which will be suitable and stimulating for both advanced undergraduate and post graduate students of biology. This book is emphatically not intended as a monographical review. as thermal biology is such a diverse. developed discipline that it could not be encompassed within the confines of a book of this size.
Sustainable Development of Rice and Water Resources in Mainland Southeast Asia and Mekong River Basin
by Tuyet L. Cosslett Patrick D. CosslettThis book highlights rice and water resources security in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam – countries that share the international Mekong River, which is a source of both regional cooperation and conflict. It discusses the topography, population, economy, rice production and rice trade of these four riparian countries, and analyses the impacts of climate change, El Nino and La Nina, and the construction of Mekong mainstream dams on water resources and rice productivity. Further, this publication assesses the role of the Mekong River Commission, a river basin organization responsible for the sustainable development and water resource management of the Mekong, and examines regional cooperation frameworks such as the Lower Mekong Initiative, and the Mekong-Japan Summit. The book then explores the emerging role of China in promoting the Lancang-Mekong cooperation between China and Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam in developing the Mekong River Basin, which could determine the future water and rice security of the region.
Synthesis of Saturated Oxygenated Heterocycles I: 5- and 6-Membered Rings (Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry #35)
by Janine CossyThe series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field.
Synthesis of Saturated Oxygenated Heterocycles II: 7- to 16-Membered Rings (Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry #36)
by Janine CossyThe series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field.
Modern Tools for the Synthesis of Complex Bioactive Molecules
by Janine Cossy Stellios ArseniyadisAll the latest tools needed to plan and perform the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules Focusing on organic, organometallic, and bio-oriented processes, this book explores the impact and use of the latest synthetic tools for the synthesis of complex biologically active compounds. Readers will discover step by step how these synthetic tools have provided new, elegant solutions to many synthetic puzzles. Moreover, they will discover innovative methods that make it possible to control the exact connectivity of atoms within a molecule in order to set precise three-dimensional arrangements. Modern Tools for the Synthesis of Complex Bioactive Molecules features sixteen chapters, each one written by one or more leading experts in organic synthesis from around the world. It covers a broad range of topics that enable readers to take advantage of the latest methods for synthesizing complex molecules, including: Modern catalysis, emphasizing key transformations such as C-H functionalizations, cross-couplings, gold-catalyzed reactions, metathesis-based syntheses, and asymmetric organocatalysis Eco-compatible transformations, including rearrangements and domino reactions Tools for the synthesis of carbohydrates and alkaloids New techniques, including the use of fluorous tags and engineered biosynthesis The last two chapters explore target- and diversity-oriented organic synthesis as well as the use of DNA-based asymmetric catalysis, which are all promising tools for the successful synthesis of complex bioactive molecules. Modern Tools for the Synthesis of Complex Bioactive Molecules is ideal for students and researchers who need to plan and perform the synthesis of complex molecules as efficiently as possible. The book's expert advice will help these readers quickly resolve a broad range of problems that can arise in organic syntheses.
Metathesis in Natural Product Synthesis: Strategies, Substrates and Catalysts
by Janine Cossy Stellios Arseniyadis Christophe MeyerEmphasizing the impact of metathesis in natural product synthesis through the different types of key reactions, this is a comprehensive view of a hot topic. Written by top international authors, this ready reference is clearly structured and packed with important information, including representative experimental procedures for practical applications. A real must-have for anyone working in natural product synthesis.