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Innovative Structural Materials: Reducing Weight of Transportation Equipment (Springer Series in Materials Science #336)

This book is devoted to innovative structural materials for multi-materialization. It is based on results of a 10-year national project, The Innovative Structural Materials Research and Development Project, which was carried out in Japan, aimed at reducing the weight of materials (steel, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, thermoplastic CFRP, carbon fiber) and components used in transportation equipment such as automobiles. In this project, collaborative research in a total of nine fields including materials, joining, and structural designing was also carried out in order to realize multi-materials. This book is compiled with the aim of handing down the technical and academic results obtained through these research and development activities to the next generation of researchers and students. This book enables material engineers and researchers in the field of materials related to transportation equipment, graduate students in various technical fields, and engineers and researchers belonging to material users to grasp the full picture of material development and multi-materials technologies. For the understanding of engineers and researchers who will work on multi-materials, this book explains the current state of technology and science in each field and explains the innovative results obtained by research in each field.

High-Temperature Measurements of Materials (Advances in Materials Research #11)

A variety of industries – information technology, aerospace, automobile, and basic and new materials manufacturing – need technological innovations, which bring high-value-added and high-quality products at low cost not only because of global competition, but also because of the perspective of en- ronmental consciousness and regulation. Thermophysical properties of hi- temperature melts are indispensable for numerical simulations of material processes such as semiconductor and optical crystal growth of the melt, and castingofsuper-high-temperaturealloysforjet-engineturbineblades,inad- tion to welding in automobile manufacturing. Recent developments in process modeling provide 3D unsteady analysis of melt convection, temperature, and heat ?ux distribution, which enables us to predict product quality. In fact, 3D process visualization using computer modeling helps us to understand complicated phenomena occurring in the melt and to control the process. Accurate data are necessary to improve the modeling, which co- e?ectively engenders high-quality products. However, crucial obstacles render measurements of thermophysical properties di?cult at elevated temperatures because of high chemical reactivity and ?uidity of melts. Substantial and persistent challenges have been made to ascertain the precise thermophysical properties of high-temperature melts. This book describes the new techniques and latest developments in the measurements of atomic structure, density, surface tension, viscosity, heat capacity, thermal and mass di?usivity, th- mal conductivity, emissivity, and electrical conductivity of high-temperature melts. In addition to up-to-date improvements in conventional techniques, some new attempts are introduced to open a new scienti?c ?eld, that is, physics of high-temperature melts.

Electron Transfer: Mechanisms and Applications

Written by one of the top scientists in this field, this is a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts and powerful applications. The author presents the central theories and mechanisms in electron transfer, followed by several systems in nature where this is important, while also covering modern green applications. An invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working in this field in academia and industry.

Electron Transfer: Mechanisms and Applications

Written by one of the top scientists in this field, this is a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts and powerful applications. The author presents the central theories and mechanisms in electron transfer, followed by several systems in nature where this is important, while also covering modern green applications. An invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working in this field in academia and industry.

IUTAM Symposium on Variable Density Low-Speed Turbulent Flows: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Marseille, France, 8–10 July 1996 (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications #41)

The General Assembly of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics in its meeting on August 28, 1994, selected for 1996 only four Mechanics Symposia, of which ours is the only one related to Fluid Mechanics: Variable Density Low Speed Turbulent Flows. This IUTAM Symposium, organized by the Institut de Recherche sur les Phenomenes Hors Equilibre (Marseille), is the logical continuation of the meetings previously organized or co-organized - on the French or European level, such as Euromech 237, Marseille, 1988 - by the same research group ofMarseille. This meeting focused specifically on the structure of turbulent flows in which density varies strongly : the effect of this variation on the velocity and scalar fields is in no sense negligible. We were mainly concerned with low-speed flows subjected to strong local changes of density as a consequence of heat or mass transfer or of chemical reactions. Compressible turbulent flows - such a!" supersonic ones - were also considered in order to underline their similarities to and their differences from low-speed variable density flows.

Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Materials

This book integrates materials science with other engineering subjects such as physics, chemistry and electrical engineering. The authors discuss devices and technologies used by the electronics, magnetics and photonics industries and offer a perspective on the manufacturing technologies used in device fabrication. The new addition includes chapters on optical properties and devices and addresses nanoscale phenomena and nanoscience, a subject that has made significant progress in the past decade regarding the fabrication of various materials and devices with nanometer-scale features.

Wildlife Science: Linking Ecological Theory and Management Applications

Consciously or not, wildlife managers generally act from a theoretical basis, although they may not be fully versed in the details or ramifications of that theory. In practice, the predictions of the practitioners sometimes prove more accurate than those of the theoreticians. Practitioners and theoreticians need to work together, but this proves di

Precision Interferometry in a New Shape: Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Modes for Gravitational Wave Detection (Springer Theses)

With his Ph.D. thesis, presented here in the format of a "Springer Theses", Paul Fulda won the 2012 GWIC thesis prize awarded by the Gravitational Wave International Committee. The impact of thermal noise on future gravitational wave detectors depends on the size and shape of the interrogating laser beam. It had been known since 2006 that, in theory, higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes could reduce thermal noise. Paul Fulda’s research brings Laguerre-Gauss modes an enormous step forward. His work includes analytical, numerical and experimental work on table-top setups as well as experiments at the Glasgow 10m prototype interferometer. Using numerical simulations the LG33 mode was selected as the optical mode to be tested. Further research by Paul and his colleagues since then concentrated on this mode. Paul has developed and demonstrated simple and effective methods to create this mode with diffractive optics and successfully demonstrated its compatibility with the essential building blocks of gravitational wave detectors, namely, optical cavities, Michelson interferometers and opto-electronic sensing and control systems. Through this work, Laguerre-Gauss modes for interferometers have been transformed from an essentially unknown entity to a well understood option with an experimental basis.

Electron Correlations in Molecules and Solids (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences #100)

Quantum chemistry and solid-state theory are two important related fields of research that have grown up with almost no cross communication. This book bridges the gap between the two. In the first half, new concepts for treating weak and strong correlations are developed, and standard quantum-chemical methods, as well as density functional, Green's function, functional integral, and Monte Carlo methods are discussed. The second half discusses applications of the theory to molecules, semiconductors, homogeneous metallic systems, transition metals, and strongly correlated systems such as heavy-fermion systems and the new high-Tc superconducting materials.

Electron Correlations in Molecules and Solids (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences #100)

This volume bridges the gap between quantum chemistry and solid-state theory. The text develops new concepts for treating many-body and correlation effects, and deals with applications of the theory to molecules, semiconductors, transition metals, heavy-fermion systems, and the new high-Tc superconducting materials.

Electron Correlations in Molecules and Solids (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences #100)

Dieser Titel verbindet die Festkörpertheorie mit der Quantenchemie. Neue Konzepte der Vielteilchen-Verarbeitung und Korrelations-Effekte, normale quantenchemische Verfahren mit Projektionstechniken, Greensche Funktionen und Monte-Carlo-Methoden werden erarbeitet. Anwendungsbereiche der Molekültheorie, von Halbleitern, supraleitender high-Tc-Materialien, etc., werden vorgestellt.

Bioinformatics: Applications in Life and Environmental Sciences

Bioinformatics, computational biology, is a relatively new field that applies computer science and information technology to biology. In recent years, the discipline of bioinformatics has allowed biologists to make full use of the advances in Computer sciences and Computational statistics for advancing the biological data. Researchers in life sciences generate, collect and need to analyze an increasing number of different types of scientific data, DNA, RNA and protein sequences, in-situ and microarray gene expression including 3D protein structures and biological pathways. This book is aiming to provide information on bioinformatics at various levels. The chapters included in this book cover introductory to advanced aspects, including applications of various documented research work and specific case studies related to bioinformatics. This book will be of immense value to readers of different backgrounds such as engineers, scientists, consultants and policy makers for industry, government, academics and social and private organisations.

Bioremediation Technology: Recent Advances

Environmental pollutants have become a major global concern. The modern growth of industrialization, urbanization, modern agricultural development and energy generation have resulted in indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources for fulfilling the human desires and needs, which have contributed in disturbing the ecological balance on which the quality of environment depends. The modern technological advancements in chemical processes/operations have been raised to new products and also new pollutants in abundant level which are above the self cleaning capacity of the environment. One of the major issues in present times is the threat to human lives, due to the progressive deterioration of the environment. This book discusses bioremediation technology-based remediation to restore contaminated sites and protect the environment. It studies the opportunities for more efficient biological processes in molecular biology and ecology. Notable accomplishments of these studies include the cleaning up of polluted water and contaminated land. The book includes invited papers by eminent contributors who provide cost-effective bioremediation strategies to immobilize contaminants for cleanup of environment. The book is directed towards postgraduate students in biotechnology/life sciences/environmental sciences/biosciences and researchers in universities and research institutes and industries.

Environmental Biotechnology

This book provides information essential to students taking courses in biotechnology as part of environmental sciences, environmental management, or environmental biology programs. It is also suitable for those studying water, waste management, and pollution abatement. Topics include biodiversity, renewable energy, bioremediation technology, recomb

Bioremediation Technology: Hazardous Waste Management

The book describes hazardous waste industries, sources of waste generation, characterization and treatment processes/ methods and technique and technology to deal with the treated waste as per the prescribed standard. Advanced treatment based on the microbial remediation, plant-based decontamination, rhizoremediation and nano-based remediation is also explained. Advances in treatment technology using biotechnological tools/bionanotechnology for removal of contaminants are described. This volume will help readers to develop biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches for the remediation of hazardous waste and the developed technology that can be transferred from laboratory to land and piloting to commercial scenarios. Prof. M. H. Fulekar a Professor and Joint Director (R&D), Centre of Research for Development, Parul University. Dr. Bhawana Pathak is working as an Associate Professor and Dean in School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat.

Bioremediation Technology: Hazardous Waste Management

The book describes hazardous waste industries, sources of waste generation, characterization and treatment processes/ methods and technique and technology to deal with the treated waste as per the prescribed standard. Advanced treatment based on the microbial remediation, plant-based decontamination, rhizoremediation and nano-based remediation is also explained. Advances in treatment technology using biotechnological tools/bionanotechnology for removal of contaminants are described. This volume will help readers to develop biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches for the remediation of hazardous waste and the developed technology that can be transferred from laboratory to land and piloting to commercial scenarios. Prof. M. H. Fulekar a Professor and Joint Director (R&D), Centre of Research for Development, Parul University. Dr. Bhawana Pathak is working as an Associate Professor and Dean in School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat.

Environmental Nanotechnology

Environmental nanotechnology is considered to play a key role in shaping of current environmental engineering and science practices. This book titled "Environmental Nanotechnology" covers the advanced materials, devices, and system development for use in the environmental protection. The development of nano-based materials, understanding their chemistry and characterization using techniques like X- Ray diffraction, FT-IR, EDX, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution-TEM, etc is included. It also highlights the scope for their applications in environmental protection, environmental remediation and environmental biosensors for detection, monitoring and assessment. Key Features: Covers basic to advanced Nano-based materials, their synthesis, development, characterization and applications and all the updated information related to environmental nanotechnology. Discusses implications of nanomaterials on the environment and applications of nanotechnology to protect the environment. Illustrates specific topics such as ethics of nanotechnology development, Nano-biotechnology, and application in wastewater technology. Includes applications of nanomaterials for combating global climate change and carbon sequestration. Gives examples of field applications of environmental nanotechnology. This book covers advanced materials, devices, and system developments for use in environmental protection. The development of nano-based materials, understanding its chemistry and characterization by the use of X-Ray diffraction, FT-IR, EDX, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and high resolution-TEM give the scope for their application in environmental protection, environmental remediation, and environmental biosensors for detection, monitoring, and assessment. The green chemistry based on nano-based materials prevents pollution and controls environmental contaminants.

Environmental Nanotechnology

Environmental nanotechnology is considered to play a key role in shaping of current environmental engineering and science practices. This book titled "Environmental Nanotechnology" covers the advanced materials, devices, and system development for use in the environmental protection. The development of nano-based materials, understanding their chemistry and characterization using techniques like X- Ray diffraction, FT-IR, EDX, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution-TEM, etc is included. It also highlights the scope for their applications in environmental protection, environmental remediation and environmental biosensors for detection, monitoring and assessment. Key Features: Covers basic to advanced Nano-based materials, their synthesis, development, characterization and applications and all the updated information related to environmental nanotechnology. Discusses implications of nanomaterials on the environment and applications of nanotechnology to protect the environment. Illustrates specific topics such as ethics of nanotechnology development, Nano-biotechnology, and application in wastewater technology. Includes applications of nanomaterials for combating global climate change and carbon sequestration. Gives examples of field applications of environmental nanotechnology. This book covers advanced materials, devices, and system developments for use in environmental protection. The development of nano-based materials, understanding its chemistry and characterization by the use of X-Ray diffraction, FT-IR, EDX, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and high resolution-TEM give the scope for their application in environmental protection, environmental remediation, and environmental biosensors for detection, monitoring, and assessment. The green chemistry based on nano-based materials prevents pollution and controls environmental contaminants.

Environment and Sustainable Development

Global society in the 21st century is facing challenges of improving the quality of air, water, soil and the environment and maintaining the ecological balance. Environmental pollution, thus, has become a major global concern. The modern growth of industrialization, urbanization, modern agricultural development and energy generation has resulted in the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources for fulfilling human desires and needs, which has contributed in disturbing the ecological balance on which the quality of our environment depends. Human beings, in the truest sense, are the product of their environment. The man-environment relationship indicates that pollution and deterioration of the environment have a social origin. The modern technological advancements in chemical processes/operations have generated new products, resulting in new pollutants in such abundant levels that they are above the self-cleaning capacity of the environment. One of the major issues in recent times is the threat tohuman lives due to the progressive deterioration of the environment from various sources. The impact of the pollutants on the environment will be significant when the accumulated pollutants load will exceed the carrying capacity of the receiving environment. Sustainable development envisages the use of natural resources, such as forests, land, water and fisheries, in a sustainable manner without causing changes in our natural world. The Rio de Janeiro-Earth Summit, held in Brazil in 1992, focused on sustainable development to encourage respect and concern for the use of natural resources in a sustainable manner for the protection of the environment. This book will be beneficial as a source of educational material to post-graduate research scholars, teachers and industrial personnel for maintaining the balance in the use of natural sources for sustainable development.

CRISPR Guide RNA Design: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2162)

This detailed volume focuses on the CRISPR-associated guide RNA and how it can be designed, modified, and validated for a broad repertoire of purposes. Beginning with a section on computational design of target-specific guide RNAs, the book continues by covering chemical modifications to alter guide RNA stability, specificity, and efficiency, as well as to create inducible guide RNAs, append additional functional domains, and express guide RNAs in a conditional manner. It concludes with methods for measuring off-target guide RNA activity. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and essential, CRISPR Guide RNA Design: Methods and Protocols provides a comprehensive pipeline for guide RNA design and aims to be an invaluable resource in applying this powerful technology to basic research and therapeutic applications.

Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System (Forensic Science in Focus)

A guide to the interface between forensic anthropology and the United States legal system Designed for forensic anthropologists at all levels of expertise, Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System offers a comprehensive examination of how to effectively present osteological analyses, research and interpretations in the courtroom. Written by noted experts, the book contains an historical perspective of the topic, a review of current legislation that affects expert testimony as well as vital information on courtroom procedure and judicial expectation of experts. A comprehensive book, Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System explains how to prepare case reports and offers suggestions for getting ready for pre-trial interviews. The book also includes detailed information on affidavits, fee structures and dealing with opposing experts. This book is part of the popular Wiley – American Association for Forensic Sciences series and: Offers a unique volume that addresses the interface between forensic anthropology and the legal system Contains detailed guidelines for expert testimony by forensic anthropologists with all levels of experience, from beginner to expert Includes information from the perspective of the Judiciary in terms of process and expectations of the Court Shows how to maintain independence from, and collaborate with other experts Presents detailed explanations of current legislation impacting forensic science Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System is an information-filled guide for practitioners of the rapidly growing field that integrates forensic sciences and the judicial system.

Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System (Forensic Science in Focus)

A guide to the interface between forensic anthropology and the United States legal system Designed for forensic anthropologists at all levels of expertise, Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System offers a comprehensive examination of how to effectively present osteological analyses, research and interpretations in the courtroom. Written by noted experts, the book contains an historical perspective of the topic, a review of current legislation that affects expert testimony as well as vital information on courtroom procedure and judicial expectation of experts. A comprehensive book, Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System explains how to prepare case reports and offers suggestions for getting ready for pre-trial interviews. The book also includes detailed information on affidavits, fee structures and dealing with opposing experts. This book is part of the popular Wiley – American Association for Forensic Sciences series and: Offers a unique volume that addresses the interface between forensic anthropology and the legal system Contains detailed guidelines for expert testimony by forensic anthropologists with all levels of experience, from beginner to expert Includes information from the perspective of the Judiciary in terms of process and expectations of the Court Shows how to maintain independence from, and collaborate with other experts Presents detailed explanations of current legislation impacting forensic science Forensic Anthropology and the United States Judicial System is an information-filled guide for practitioners of the rapidly growing field that integrates forensic sciences and the judicial system.

Vom Urknall zum Gummibärchen (Erlebnis Wissenschaft)

Selbst gemacht ist halb kapiert - Vom Urknall zum Gummibärchen Irgendwann vor rund 14 Milliarden Jahren fiel der Startschuss für unser Universum: der Big Bang. Das ist erstens unvorstellbar lange her und zweitens: Woher wissen Forscher, dass es einen Urknall überhaupt gegeben hat? Für Roland Full sind Astrophysiker die Kripo im Tatort Universum. Sie rekonstruieren den »Tathergang« und arbeiten dabei wie ihre Kollegen bei der Polizei. Spuren sichern, bewerten, deuten und die richtigen Schlüsse ziehen. Aus jeder Zeile des Buches spricht ein ehemaliger Forscher und leidenschaftlicher Lehrer - einer von jenen, die wirklich Freude daran haben, die weite Welt der Wissenschaft so spannend, vielfältig und anschaulich wie möglich zu erklären und natürlich auch, zu Experimenten anzuregen - selbst gemacht ist schließlich halb kapiert. Wissenschaftsreise vom Big Bang bis zum Gummibärchen In Teil I des Buches, »Science«, fügt Full die Mosaiksteine der Erkenntnisse zum modernen Weltbild zusammen. Die Wissenschaftsreise beginnt hier mit dem Big Bang und endet im Kapitel »Vom Homo sapiens sapiens zum Gummibärchen - Eine kleine Kulturgeschichte der Menschheit«. Im zweiten Teil des Buches entführt er den Leser unter der Überschrift »Fiktion« mit einer skurrilen Geschichte ins Reich der Fantasie, in der das Gummibärchen zur Krone eines neuen Schöpfungsaktes wird. Er experimentiert mit Gelatine und dröselt die Chemie der »göttlichen Zutaten« auf. Die Erschaffung des Gummibärchens macht chemische Experimentierkunst zum süßen Erlebnis und aus dem Leser den »Master of Gummibears«.

"Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges" (Nato Science Series II: #225)

Particularly intense lightning discharges can produce transient luminous events above thunderclouds, termed sprites, elves and jets. These short lived optical emissions in the mesosphere can reach from the tops of thunderclouds up to the ionosphere; they provide direct evidence of coupling from the lower atmosphere to the upper atmosphere. Sprites are arguably the most dramatic recent discovery in solar-terrestrial physics. Shortly after the first ground based video recordings of sprites, observations on board the Space Shuttle detected sprites and elves occurring all around the world. These reports led to detailed sprite observations in North America, South America, Australia, Japan, and Europe. Subsequently, sprites were detected from other space platforms such as the International Space Station and the ROCSAT satellite. During the past 15 years, more than 200 contributions on sprites have been published in the scientific literature to document this rapidly evolving new research area.

Metallurgische und technologische Untersuchungen an Weichloten (Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen #1421)