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A Quantum Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars

In this inspiring coming-of-age memoir, a world-renowned astrophysicist emerges from an impoverished childhood and crime-filled adolescence to ascend through the top ranks of research physics.Navigating poverty, violence, and instability, a young James Plummer had two guiding stars-a genius IQ and a love of science. But a bookish nerd was a soft target in his community, where James faced years of bullying and abuse. As he struggled to survive his childhood in some of the country's toughest urban neighborhoods in New Orleans, Houston, and LA, and later in the equally poor backwoods of Mississippi, he adopted the persona of "gangsta nerd"-dealing weed in juke joints while winning state science fairs with computer programs that model Einstein's theory of relativity. Once admitted to the elite physics PhD program at Stanford University, James found himself pulled between the promise of a bright future and a dangerous crack cocaine habit he developed in college. With the encouragement of his mentor and the sole Black professor in the physics department, James confronted his personal demons as well as the entrenched racism and classism of the scientific establishment. When he finally seized his dream of a life in astrophysics, he adopted a new name, Hakeem Muata Oluseyi, to honor his African ancestors.Alternately heartbreaking and hopeful, A QUANTUM LIFE narrates one man's remarkable quest across an ever-expanding universe filled with entanglement and choice.

Quantum Magnetism (Lecture Notes in Physics #645)

Closing a gap in the literature, this volume is intended both as an introductory text at postgraduate level and as a modern, comprehensive reference for researchers in the field. Provides a full working description of the main fundamental tools in the theorists toolbox which have proven themselves on the field of quantum magnetism in recent years. Concludes by focusing on the most important cuurent materials form an experimental viewpoint, thus linking back to the initial theoretical concepts.

Quantum Many-Body Physics: A Perspective on Strong Correlations (Lecture Notes in Physics #934)

This book offers a compact tutorial on basic concepts and tools in quantum many-body physics, and focuses on the correlation effects produced by mutual interactions.The content is divided into three parts, the first of which introduces readers to perturbation theory. It begins with the simplest examples—hydrogen and oxygen molecules—based on their effective Hamiltonians, and looks into basic properties of electrons in solids from the perspective of localized and itinerant limits. Readers will also learn about basic theoretical methods such as the linear response theory and Green functions. The second part focuses on mean-field theory for itinerant electrons, e.g. the Fermi liquid theory and superconductivity. Coulomb repulsion among electrons is addressed in the context of high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates and iron pnictides. A recent discovery concerning hydride superconductors is also briefly reviewed. In turn, the third part highlights quantum fluctuation effects beyond the mean-field picture. Discussing the dramatic renormalization effect in the Kondo physics, it provides a clear understanding of nonperturbative interaction effects. Further it introduces readers to fractionally charged quasi-particles in one and two dimensions. The last chapter addresses the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT).The book is based on the author’s long years of experience as a lecturer and researcher. It also includes reviews of recent focus topics in condensed matter physics, enabling readers to not only grasp conventional condensed matter theories but also to catch up on the latest developments in the field.

Quantum Many-Body Physics in Open Systems: Measurement and Strong Correlations (Springer Theses)

This book studies the fundamental aspects of many-body physics in quantum systems open to an external world. Recent remarkable developments in the observation and manipulation of quantum matter at the single-quantum level point to a new research area of open many-body systems, where interactions with an external observer and the environment play a major role. The first part of the book elucidates the influence of measurement backaction from an external observer, revealing new types of quantum critical phenomena and out-of-equilibrium dynamics beyond the conventional paradigm of closed systems. In turn, the second part develops a powerful theoretical approach to study the in- and out-of-equilibrium physics of an open quantum system strongly correlated with an external environment, where the entanglement between the system and the environment plays an essential role. The results obtained here offer essential theoretical results for understanding the many-body physics of quantum systems open to an external world, and can be applied to experimental systems in atomic, molecular and optical physics, quantum information science and condensed matter physics.

Quantum Many Body Systems: Cetraro, Italy 2010, Editors: Alessandro Giuliani, Vieri Mastropietro, Jakob Yngvason (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2051)

The book is based on the lectures given at the CIME school "Quantum many body systems" held in the summer of 2010. It provides a tutorial introduction to recent advances in the mathematics of interacting systems, written by four leading experts in the field: V. Rivasseau illustrates the applications of constructive Quantum Field Theory to 2D interacting electrons and their relation to quantum gravity; R. Seiringer describes a proof of Bose-Einstein condensation in the Gross-Pitaevski limit and explains the effects of rotating traps and the emergence of lattices of quantized vortices; J.-P. Solovej gives an introduction to the theory of quantum Coulomb systems and to the functional analytic methods used to prove their thermodynamic stability; finally, T. Spencer explains the supersymmetric approach to Anderson localization and its relation to the theory of random matrices. All the lectures are characterized by their mathematical rigor combined with physical insights.

Quantum Materials, Lateral Semiconductor Nanostructures, Hybrid Systems and Nanocrystals: Lateral Semiconductor Nanostructures, Hybrid Systems and Nanocrystals (NanoScience and Technology)

Semiconductor nanostructures are ideal systems to tailor the physical properties via quantum effects, utilizing special growth techniques, self-assembling, wet chemical processes or lithographic tools in combination with tuneable external electric and magnetic fields. Such systems are called "Quantum Materials".The electronic, photonic, and phononic properties of these systems are governed by size quantization and discrete energy levels. The charging is controlled by the Coulomb blockade. The spin can be manipulated by the geometrical structure, external gates and by integrating hybrid ferromagnetic emitters.This book reviews sophisticated preparation methods for quantum materials based on III-V and II-VI semiconductors and a wide variety of experimental techniques for the investigation of these interesting systems. It highlights selected experiments and theoretical concepts and gives such a state-of-the-art overview about the wide field of physics and chemistry that can be studied in these systems.

Quantum Measurements in Optics (Nato Science Series B: #282)

The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Quantum Measurements in Optics was held in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, January 21-25, 1991. This workshop was attended by 70 participants from 16 different countries. The subjects discussed at this workshop concentrated on quantum measurements in optics made possible by the recent advances in the generation and detection of light with low quantum noise. These advances have occurred simultaneously with the development of atomic traps capable of trapping a single atom for a considerable period of time. The interaction of a single two level atom with the single mode of the electromagnetic field is now possible in high Q microcavities. A new field of cavity QED has developed studying the properties of Rydberg atoms in microwave cavities. At this meeting we heard the first report of an atomic interferometer where a single atom passing through the two slits exhibits wave like interference phenomena. This new field involving the transfer of momentum from photons to atoms has lead to new possibilities for quantum nondemolition measurements on an optical field. We heard suggestions for such measurements at this meeting. With the new light sources available the possibility of using low quantum noise light in optical communications becomes close to reality. The problem of the propagation of quantum light field in optical fibres was actively discussed at this meeting.

Quantum Mechanical Models of Metal Surfaces and Nanoparticles (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

This book proposes two simple quantum mechanical models for the analytical description of metal surfaces and nanoparticles. It gives an ostensive picture of the forces acting in a metal surface and deduces analytical formulae for the description of their physical properties. This book explains the relation between near-surface stress and familiar surface parameters. The concept of the separation of the three-dimensional body into three one-dimensional subsystems was applied. The content is of interest to all those working in the field of surface physics.

Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction for Device Physicists and Electrical Engineers

Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction for Device Physicists and Electrical Engineers, Third Edition provides a complete course in quantum mechanics for students of semiconductor device physics and electrical engineering. It provides the necessary background to quantum theory for those starting work on micro- and nanoelectronic structures and is particularly useful for those beginning work with modern semiconductors devices, lasers, and qubits. This book was developed from a course the author has taught for many years with a style and order of presentation of material specifically designed for this audience. It introduces the main concepts of quantum mechanics which are important in everyday solid-state physics and electronics. Each topic includes examples which have been carefully chosen to draw upon relevant experimental research. It also includes problems with solutions to test understanding of theory. Full updated throughout, the third edition contains the latest developments, experiments, and device concepts, in addition to three fully revised chapters on operators and expectations and spin angular momentum, it contains completely new material on superconducting devices and approaches to quantum computing.

Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction for Device Physicists and Electrical Engineers

Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction for Device Physicists and Electrical Engineers, Third Edition provides a complete course in quantum mechanics for students of semiconductor device physics and electrical engineering. It provides the necessary background to quantum theory for those starting work on micro- and nanoelectronic structures and is particularly useful for those beginning work with modern semiconductors devices, lasers, and qubits. This book was developed from a course the author has taught for many years with a style and order of presentation of material specifically designed for this audience. It introduces the main concepts of quantum mechanics which are important in everyday solid-state physics and electronics. Each topic includes examples which have been carefully chosen to draw upon relevant experimental research. It also includes problems with solutions to test understanding of theory. Full updated throughout, the third edition contains the latest developments, experiments, and device concepts, in addition to three fully revised chapters on operators and expectations and spin angular momentum, it contains completely new material on superconducting devices and approaches to quantum computing.

Quantum Mechanics: A Simplified Approach

Quantum mechanics is one of the most challenging subjects to learn. It is challenging because quantum phenomenon is counterintuitive, and the mathematics used to explain such a phenomenon is very abstract, and difficult to grasp. This textbook is an attempt to overcome these challenges. Every chapter presents quantum ideas step- by- step in a structured way with a comparison between quantum and classical concepts. It provides a clear distinction between classical and quantum logic. Conceptual questions are provided after every important section so that the reader can test their understanding at every step. Such an approach aids in preventing misconceptions. Problem solving is not restricted to solving differential equations and integration. But it requires to systematically and creatively analyze a problem, to apply the new and powerful concepts for finding a solution and to understand the physical meaning of the solution. The tutorials on special topics are an effort to teach problem solving by actively engaging the reader in a thinking process, to apply the concepts and to understand the physical meaning of the solution. The simulations are provided for some of the topics. The simulations aid in the visualization of the quantum phenomenon, and for meaningful understanding of the mathematics. This approach may lead to development of "quantum mechanical intuition "as well as learning mathematical techniques for problem solving. Most importantly, the book is not flooded with numerous topics that makes the reader confused and distracted, rather the most important topics are discussed at a deeper level. The understanding of quantum mechanics is incomplete without understanding the early ideas and experiments that lead to the development of the quantum theory. Thus, the first two chapters of the book are dedicated to such topics. The key features of this book are: A simplified, structured, and step-by-step introduction to quantum mechanics. The simplification is attained through use of two-level system, step- by- step discussion of important topics in a simplified language at a deeper level, analogies, and visualization using illustrations and simulations A systematic arrangement of topics, and numerous worked- out examples. The presentation of the structure in the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics provides clarity in understanding complicated and abstract mathematics. It also helps to understand the distinction between the quantum mechanical and classical approaches Conceptual questions at the end of every important section. The conceptual questions can be used in a classroom as a point of discussion between an instructor and students Tutorials on special topics. Simulations on special topics aid in the visualization of the physical phenomenon, and demonstration of the application of mathematics An in-depth discussion of the wave-particle duality, measurement problem, and their philosophical implications in Chapter 2 provides an understanding of the broader meaning of quantum mechanics

Quantum Mechanics: A Simplified Approach

Quantum mechanics is one of the most challenging subjects to learn. It is challenging because quantum phenomenon is counterintuitive, and the mathematics used to explain such a phenomenon is very abstract, and difficult to grasp. This textbook is an attempt to overcome these challenges. Every chapter presents quantum ideas step- by- step in a structured way with a comparison between quantum and classical concepts. It provides a clear distinction between classical and quantum logic. Conceptual questions are provided after every important section so that the reader can test their understanding at every step. Such an approach aids in preventing misconceptions. Problem solving is not restricted to solving differential equations and integration. But it requires to systematically and creatively analyze a problem, to apply the new and powerful concepts for finding a solution and to understand the physical meaning of the solution. The tutorials on special topics are an effort to teach problem solving by actively engaging the reader in a thinking process, to apply the concepts and to understand the physical meaning of the solution. The simulations are provided for some of the topics. The simulations aid in the visualization of the quantum phenomenon, and for meaningful understanding of the mathematics. This approach may lead to development of "quantum mechanical intuition "as well as learning mathematical techniques for problem solving. Most importantly, the book is not flooded with numerous topics that makes the reader confused and distracted, rather the most important topics are discussed at a deeper level. The understanding of quantum mechanics is incomplete without understanding the early ideas and experiments that lead to the development of the quantum theory. Thus, the first two chapters of the book are dedicated to such topics. The key features of this book are: A simplified, structured, and step-by-step introduction to quantum mechanics. The simplification is attained through use of two-level system, step- by- step discussion of important topics in a simplified language at a deeper level, analogies, and visualization using illustrations and simulations A systematic arrangement of topics, and numerous worked- out examples. The presentation of the structure in the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics provides clarity in understanding complicated and abstract mathematics. It also helps to understand the distinction between the quantum mechanical and classical approaches Conceptual questions at the end of every important section. The conceptual questions can be used in a classroom as a point of discussion between an instructor and students Tutorials on special topics. Simulations on special topics aid in the visualization of the physical phenomenon, and demonstration of the application of mathematics An in-depth discussion of the wave-particle duality, measurement problem, and their philosophical implications in Chapter 2 provides an understanding of the broader meaning of quantum mechanics

Quantum Mechanics for Electrical Engineers (IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems #23)

The main topic of this book is quantum mechanics, as the title indicates. It specifically targets those topics within quantum mechanics that are needed to understand modern semiconductor theory. It begins with the motivation for quantum mechanics and why classical physics fails when dealing with very small particles and small dimensions. Two key features make this book different from others on quantum mechanics, even those usually intended for engineers: First, after a brief introduction, much of the development is through Fourier theory, a topic that is at the heart of most electrical engineering theory. In this manner, the explanation of the quantum mechanics is rooted in the mathematics familiar to every electrical engineer. Secondly, beginning with the first chapter, simple computer programs in MATLAB are used to illustrate the principles. The programs can easily be copied and used by the reader to do the exercises at the end of the chapters or to just become more familiar with the material. Many of the figures in this book have a title across the top. This title is the name of the MATLAB program that was used to generate that figure. These programs are available to the reader. Appendix D lists all the programs, and they are also downloadable at http://booksupport.wiley.com

Quantum Mechanics for Electrical Engineers (IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems #21)

The main topic of this book is quantum mechanics, as the title indicates. It specifically targets those topics within quantum mechanics that are needed to understand modern semiconductor theory. It begins with the motivation for quantum mechanics and why classical physics fails when dealing with very small particles and small dimensions. Two key features make this book different from others on quantum mechanics, even those usually intended for engineers: First, after a brief introduction, much of the development is through Fourier theory, a topic that is at the heart of most electrical engineering theory. In this manner, the explanation of the quantum mechanics is rooted in the mathematics familiar to every electrical engineer. Secondly, beginning with the first chapter, simple computer programs in MATLAB are used to illustrate the principles. The programs can easily be copied and used by the reader to do the exercises at the end of the chapters or to just become more familiar with the material. Many of the figures in this book have a title across the top. This title is the name of the MATLAB program that was used to generate that figure. These programs are available to the reader. Appendix D lists all the programs, and they are also downloadable at http://booksupport.wiley.com

Quantum Mechanics for Thinkers

This book provides quick access to quantum mechanics without dealing with a true textbook that demands proper specialized studies in physics (and related mathematics) for about a couple of years. It consists of three parts: basic formalism, formal development, and ontological issues. The 70 figures are a crucial instrument for becoming acquainted i

Quantum Mechanics in Mathematics, Chemistry, and Physics

Quantum Mechanics of Charged Particle Beam Optics: Understanding Devices from Electron Microscopes to Particle Accelerators (Multidisciplinary and Applied Optics)

Classical Charged Particle Beam Optics used in the design and operation of all present-day charged particle beam devices, from low energy electron microscopes to high energy particle accelerators, is entirely based on classical mechanics. A question of curiosity is: How is classical charged particle beam optics so successful in practice though the particles of the beam, like electrons, are quantum mechanical? Quantum Mechanics of Charged Particle Beam Optics answers this question with a comprehensive formulation of ‘Quantum Charged Particle Beam Optics’ applicable to any charged particle beam device.

Quantum Mechanics of Charged Particle Beam Optics: Understanding Devices from Electron Microscopes to Particle Accelerators (Multidisciplinary and Applied Optics)

Classical Charged Particle Beam Optics used in the design and operation of all present-day charged particle beam devices, from low energy electron microscopes to high energy particle accelerators, is entirely based on classical mechanics. A question of curiosity is: How is classical charged particle beam optics so successful in practice though the particles of the beam, like electrons, are quantum mechanical? Quantum Mechanics of Charged Particle Beam Optics answers this question with a comprehensive formulation of ‘Quantum Charged Particle Beam Optics’ applicable to any charged particle beam device.

Quantum Mechanics on the Macintosh®

Based on the interactive program Interquanta, Quantum Mechanics on the Macintosh, uses extensive 3-D graph- ics to guide the student through computer experiments in the quantum mechanics of free particle motion, bound states and scattering, tunneling, two-particle interactions, and more. It also includes a section on special functions of mathematical physics. With more than 200 problems, the text and programs provide students with practical experiences in using such hard-to-visualize concepts as complex amplitudes, eigenvalues, and scattering cross sections. The diskettes included with the book provide two versions of the programs, one for use in computers with a mathematical coprocessor, the other optimized for machines without a coprocessor.

The Quantum Mechanics Solver: How to Apply Quantum Theory to Modern Physics (Advanced Texts In Physics Ser.)

Motivates students by challenging them with real-life applications of the somtimes esoteric aspects of quantum mechanics that they are learning. Offers completely original excerices developed at teh Ecole Polytechnique in France, which is know for its innovative and original teaching methods. Problems from modern physics to help the student apply just-learnt theory to fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics.

Quantum Mesoscopic Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics (Nato Science Series C: #559)

Quantum mechanical laws are well documented at the level of a single or a few atoms and are here extended to systems containing 102 to 1010 electrons - still much smaller than the usual macroscopic objects, but behaving in a manner similar to a single atom. Besides the purely theoretical interest, such systems pose a challenge to the achievement of the ultimate microelectronic applications. The present volume presents an up-to-date account of the physics, technology and expected applications of quantum effects in solid-state mesoscopic structures. Physical phenomena include the Aharonov-Bohm effect, persistent currents, Coulomb blockade and Coulomb oscillations in single electron devices, Andreev reflections and the Josephson effect in superconductor/normal/superconductor systems, shot noise suppression in microcontacts and contact resistance quantisation, and overall quantum coherence in mesoscopic and nanoscopic structures related to the emerging physics of quantum computation in the solid-state environment.

Quantum Metrology and Fundamental Physical Constants (Nato Science Series B: #98)

The object of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to pre­ sent a tutorial 'introduction both to the basic physics of recent spectacular advances achieved in the field of metrology and to the determination of fundamental physical constants. When humans began to qualify their description of natural phenomena, metrology, the science of measurement, developed along­ side geometry and mathematics. However, flam antiquity to modern times, the role of metrology was mostly restricted to the need of commercial, social or scientific transactions of local or at most national scope. Beginning with the Renaissance, and particularly in western Europe during the last century, metrology rapidly developed an international character as a result of growing needs for more accurate measurements and common standards in the emerging indus­ trial society. Although the concerns of metrology are deeply rooted to fundamental sciences, it was, until recently, perceived by much of the scientific community as mostly custodial in character.

Quantum Modeling of Complex Molecular Systems (Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics #21)

This multi-author contributed volume includes methodological advances and original applications to actual chemical or biochemical phenomena which were not possible before the increased sophistication of modern computers. The chapters contain detailed reviews of the developments of various computational techniques, used to study complex molecular systems such as molecular liquids and solutions (particularly aqueous solutions), liquid-gas, solid-gas interphase and biomacromolecular systems.Quantum modeling of complex molecular systems is a useful resource for graduate students and fledgling researchers and is also an excellent companion for research professionals engaged in computational chemistry, material science, nanotechnology, physics, drug design, and molecular biochemistry.

Quantum Nano-Photonics (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics)

This book brings together more closely researchers working in the two fields of quantum optics and nano-optics and provides a general overview of the main topics of interest in applied and fundamental research. The contributions cover, for example, single-photon emitters and emitters of entangled photon pairs based on epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots, nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond as single-photon emitters, coupled quantum bits based on trapped ions, integrated waveguide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, quantum nano-plasmonics, nanosensing, quantum aspects of biophotonics and quantum metamaterials. The articles span the bridge from pedagogical introductions on the fundamental principles to the current state-of-the-art, and are authored by pioneers and leaders in the field. Numerical simulations are presented as a powerful tool to gain insight into the physical behavior of nanophotonic systems and provide a critical complement to experimental investigations and design of devices.

Quantum Nanoelectronics: An Introduction to Electronic Nanotechnology and Quantum Computing

A tutorial coverage of electronic technology, starting from the basics of condensed matter and quantum physics. Experienced author Ed Wolf presents established and novel devices like Field Effect and Single Electron Transistors, and leads the reader up to applications in data storage, quantum computing, and energy harvesting. Intended to be self-contained for students with two years of calculus-based college physics, with corresponding fundamental knowledge in mathematics, computing and chemistry.