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Mikrocomputerfibel: Vom 8-bit-Chip zum Grundsystem

Wer sich in der Ausbildung, im Beruf oder als Amateur mit Mikrocomputern und damit auch mit Mikroprozessoren befaßt, steht vor zwei Problemen: Problem 1: Die sehr große Verzahnung der vom Ursprung her wesensfremden Gebiete hardware und software. Problem 2: Das unübersichtliche, ungenormte Nebeneinander vieler Computersysteme. Dieses einführende Lehrbuch begegnet diesen Problemen mit einer Konzeption, wie sie so konsequent unseres Wissens bisher noch nicht verwirklicht wurde: Das Buch behandelt hard- und software gleichwertig von den Grundlagen her auf­ bauend. Dies wurde dadurch möglich, daß ein Mathematiker und ein Elektroniker sich zu gemeinsamer Arbeit (und Diskussion) zusammengefunden haben. Dem ersteren kommt dabei seine langjährige Programmiererfahrung zugute, dem zweiten seine Tätigkeit als Entwicklungsingenieur. Das Buch behandelt fast alle auf dem Markt angebotenen 8-bit-Mikroprozessoren­ typen sowohl hard- als auch softwaremäßig. Damit vermeidet es bewußt die Gefahr, dem Leser zu suggerieren, es gäbe eigentlich nur den einen Typ, den der Verfasser nun eben aus seiner Arbeit gut kennt. - Das Buch bietet parallele Programmbeispiele für alle behandelten Mikroprozessoren in der einheitlichen, übersichtlichen Assemblersprache CALM. Diese Sprache ist klarer und benutzerfreundlicher als alle Herstellersprachen. Sie wurde von Professor Nicoud an der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule in Lausanne entwickelt und hat sich im Lehrbetrieb vielerorts bewährt. Das Umlernen auf eine originale Herstellersprache ist - wenn überhaupt nötig - in einigen Tagen ohne Mühe möglich, wie uns ehemalige Studenten öfters bestätigen.

Mikroelektronik: Anwendungen, Verbreitung und Auswirkungen am Beispiel Österreichs. Veröffentlichung eines Forschungsauftrags des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung (Veröffentlichung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung)

Modelle und Strukturen: DAGM Symposium Hamburg, 6.–8. Oktober 1981 (Informatik-Fachberichte #49)

Modelle von Informationssystemen zur kurzfristigen Fertigungssteuerung und ihre Gestaltung nach betriebsspezifischen Gesichtspunkten (IPA-IAO - Forschung und Praxis #53)

Nachsorge und Krankheitsverlaufsanalyse: 25. Jahrestagung der GMDS Erlangen, 15. – 17. September 1980 (Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie #28)

Nature, Aim and Methods of Microchemistry: Proceedings of the 8th International Microchemical Symposium Organized by the Austrian Society for Microchemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Graz, Austria, August 25–30, 1980

th This proceedings volume of the 8 International Microchemical Symposium contains the plenary and keynote lectures delivered at the conference. Besides basic and historic aspects the following major topics are covered: "Microchemistry Arts and Archeology" in "Microchemistry in Life Sciences" "Microchemistry Sciences" in Environmental "Microchemistry in Material Sciences" "Instrumentation, Methods and Automation in Microchemistry". The papers show the present state of microchemistry and the development of this field since the pioneer days of Fritz Pregl and Friedrich Emich. Today microchemistry is a different science as compared to the Pregl and Emich days, for it combines many disciplines like chemistry, physics, mathematics, informatics, biology and does not only mean microanalysi- even if it is still predominant and the best tool for elucidation of the microcosmos. Due to this development modern microchemistry plays an important role in science and technology. It had been the intention of the Scientific th Executive Committee to demonstrate this at the 8 International Micro­ chemical Symposium with the goal to encourage interdisciplinary communication and stimulate discussion.

Natürlichsprachliche Argumentation in Dialogsystemen: KI-Verfahren zur Rekonstruktion und Erklärung approximativer Inferenzprozesse (Informatik-Fachberichte #48)

Optical Fiber Transmission Systems (Applications of Communications Theory)

Organisation informationstechnik-gestützter öffentlicher Verwaltungen: Fachtagung der GI (Fachausschuß 13: Informatik in Recht und Verwaltung) und des Forschungsinstituts für öffentliche Verwaltung bei der Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer Speyer, 22.–24. Oktober 1980 (Informatik-Fachberichte #44)

Organisation und Betrieb von Rechenzentren: Fachgespräch der GI Erlangen, 12./13. März 1981 (Informatik-Fachberichte #46)

Parallel Processes and Related Automata / Parallele Prozesse und damit zusammenhängende Automaten (Computing Supplementa #3)

The third supplement volume of "Computing" deals with parallel processes and thus with a highly topical area of informatics. As both the first supplement volumes were concerned with numerical questions, the entire subject, the cultivation of which "Computing" purports, is now broadly outlined in the supplement volumes too. The reason for the simultaneous production of so many papers on the same subject was the 60th birthday of Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Handler, an eminent specialist in the field of parallel processing. It was the wish of his friends, colleagues and collaborators that Herr Handler be honoured by the gift of a volume which would have as its centre of interest the area of research that he represents. In this volume, parallelism is focused upon from various angles and an attempt has been made, through new results, to bring it a little further. It is obvious from a glance at the bibliographies of the papers contributed, in which many of Herr Handler's publications are referenced, that he was never far from the writer's minds.

PASCAL for Programmers

The material for this book first appeared in the magazine Personal Computer World, as a series of articles which ran from September 1979 to June 1980. It was designed to appeal to a new (in 1979) sort of reader the microcomputer enthusiast, both amateur and professional about whom two assumptions were made. The first was that the reader was someone who had already learned to program (probably in BASIC) and who wanted to create programs in as systematic and proficient a fashion as possible. The second was that the reader would not be adverse to an occasional glimpse of how the underlying machine played its part in executing these programs. As a result of these, no attempt was made to teach the "problem-solving" aspects of programming (although the Top-Down philosophy for program design formed a key feature) and no apology was made for the repeated references to the way in which a Pascal compiler "viewed" some particular code fragment. In preparing this material for publication as a single volume, there has been little deviation from this policy. Nevertheless, it should be remarked that the first five chapters contain all the material one would need to cover in an initial course in programming (up to the level of most BASIC's) while the second half of the book tackles some of the more sophisticated techniques available to the Pascal programmer.

Pattern Analysis (Springer Series in Information Sciences #4)

This book is devoted to pattern analysis, that is, the automatic construc­ tion of a symbolic description for a complex pattern, like an image or con­ nected speech. Pattern analysis thus tries to simulate certain capabilities which go without saying in any human central nervous system. The increasing interest and growing efforts at solving the problems related with pattern analysis are motivated by the challenge of the problem and the expected ap­ plications. Potential applications are numerous and result from the fact that data can be gathered and stored by modern devices in ever increasing extent, thus making the finding of particular interesting facts or events in these hosts of data an ever increasing problem. It was tried to organize the book around one particular view of pattern analysis: the view that pattern analysis requires an appropriate set of modules operating on a common data base which contains interme­ processing diate results of processing. Although other views are certainly possible, this one was adopted because the author feels that it is a useful idea, be­ cause the size of this book had to be kept within reasonable bounds, and because it facilitated the composition of fairly self-contained chapters.

Pattern Classifiers and Trainable Machines

This book is the outgrowth of both a research program and a graduate course at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) since 1966, as well as a graduate course at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). The research program, part of the UCI Pattern Recogni­ tion Project, was concerned with the design of trainable classifiers; the graduate courses were broader in scope, including subjects such as feature selection, cluster analysis, choice of data set, and estimates of probability densities. In the interest of minimizing overlap with other books on pattern recogni­ tion or classifier theory, we have selected a few topics of special interest for this book, and treated them in some depth. Some of this material has not been previously published. The book is intended for use as a guide to the designer of pattern classifiers, or as a text in a graduate course in an engi­ neering or computer science curriculum. Although this book is directed primarily to engineers and computer scientists, it may also be of interest to psychologists, biologists, medical scientists, and social scientists.

Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms (Advanced Applications in Pattern Recognition)

The fuzzy set was conceived as a result of an attempt to come to grips with the problem of pattern recognition in the context of imprecisely defined categories. In such cases, the belonging of an object to a class is a matter of degree, as is the question of whether or not a group of objects form a cluster. A pioneering application of the theory of fuzzy sets to cluster analysis was made in 1969 by Ruspini. It was not until 1973, however, when the appearance of the work by Dunn and Bezdek on the Fuzzy ISODATA (or fuzzy c-means) algorithms became a landmark in the theory of cluster analysis, that the relevance of the theory of fuzzy sets to cluster analysis and pattern recognition became clearly established. Since then, the theory of fuzzy clustering has developed rapidly and fruitfully, with the author of the present monograph contributing a major share of what we know today. In their seminal work, Bezdek and Dunn have introduced the basic idea of determining the fuzzy clusters by minimizing an appropriately defined functional, and have derived iterative algorithms for computing the membership functions for the clusters in question. The important issue of convergence of such algorithms has become much better understood as a result of recent work which is described in the monograph.

Personalinformationssysteme in deutschen Großunternehmen: Ausbaustand und Rechtsprobleme (Informatik-Fachberichte #42)

PISA: A Programming System for Interactive Production of Application Software (Informatik-Fachberichte #45)

This report introduces the programming system PISA intendei for the interactive production of application software. The heart of the programming system is a new programming language, also called PISA. An interactive environment for this language permits the creation, test, maintenance, and usage of PISA programs in a real-time dialogue fashion. Both the programming language and its interactive environment are described without any reference to a specific implementation. Together, they form a well defined programming system whose components interact harmoniously. The programming system PISA is dedicated to application software production. This implies that production of system software and online-control programs is not a goal of PISA. Furthermore, it means that PISA must meet several requirements as they arise from commercial application software production, the most stringent ones being economy, availability, and compatibility: In the long term the overall cost of software production and usage with such a programming system must be less than with conventional means, the programming system must be available or implementable on a wide range of computer systems currently used, and existing data must be accessible in its actual physical representation. The definition of PISA is given in a heavily annotated form in this report: Examples for the use of single componer.ts as well as for the entire system are presented, most of the lan~uage constructs and system facilities are commented on briefly, and the implications of the programming system's design on implementability and portability issues are discussed.

A Practical Introduction to Computer Graphics (Computers And Their Applications Ser.)

Principles of Artificial Intelligence

A classic introduction to artificial intelligence intended to bridge the gap between theory and practice, Principles of Artificial Intelligence describes fundamental AI ideas that underlie applications such as natural language processing, automatic programming, robotics, machine vision, automatic theorem proving, and intelligent data retrieval. Rather than focusing on the subject matter of the applications, the book is organized around general computational concepts involving the kinds of data structures used, the types of operations performed on the data structures, and the properties of the control strategies used.Principles of Artificial Intelligenceevolved from the author's courses and seminars at Stanford University and University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and is suitable for text use in a senior or graduate AI course, or for individual study.

Programme Your Microcomputer in BASIC (Basic Books in Electronics)

Programmieren von Taschenrechnern: Lehr- und Übungsbuch für den TI-58 und TI-59 (Programmieren von Taschenrechnern #3 )

Programming in Prolog: Using the ISO Standard

The computer programming language Prolog is quickly gaining popularity throughout the world. Since Its beginnings around 1970. Prolog has been chosen by many programmers for applications of symbolic computation. including: D relational databases D mathematical logic D abstract problem solving D understanding natural language D architectural design D symbolic equation solving D biochemical structure analysis D many areas of artificial Intelligence Until now. there has been no textbook with the aim of teaching Prolog as a practical programming language. It Is perhaps a tribute to Prolog that so many people have been motivated to learn It by referring to the necessarily concise reference manuals. a few published papers. and by the orally transmitted 'folklore' of the modern computing community. However. as Prolog is beginning to be Introduced to large numbers of undergraduate and postgraduate students. many of our colleagues have expressed a great need for a tutorial guide to learning Prolog. We hope this little book will go some way towards meeting this need. Many newcomers to Prolog find that the task of writing a Prolog program Is not like specifying an algorithm in the same way as In a conventional programming language. Instead. the Prolog programmer asks more what formal relationships and objects occur In his problem.

Prose Comprehension Beyond the Word

When individuals read or listen to prose they try to understand what it means. This is quite obvious. However, the cognitive mechanisms that participate in prose comprehension are far from obvious. Even simple stories involve com­ plexities that have stymied many cognitive scientists. Why is prose comprehen­ sion so difficult to study? Perhaps because comprehension is guided by so many domains of knowledge. Perhaps because some critical mysteries of prose comprehension reside between the lines-in the mind of the comprehender. Ten years ago very few psychologists were willing to dig beyond the surface of explicit code in their studies of discourse processing. Tacit knowledge, world knowledge, inferences, and expectations were slippery notions that experimental psychologists managed to circumvent rather than understand. In many scientific circles it was taboo to investigate mechanisms and phenomena that are not directly governed by the physical stimulus. Fortunately, times have changed. Cognitive scientists are now vigorously exploring the puzzles of comprehension that lie beyond the word. The study of discourse processing is currently growing at a frenetic pace.

Quantum Physics: A Functional Integral Point of View

This book is addressed to one problem and to three audiences. The problem is the mathematical structure of modem physics: statistical physics, quantum mechanics, and quantum fields. The unity of mathemati­ cal structure for problems of diverse origin in physics should be no surprise. For classical physics it is provided, for example, by a common mathematical formalism based on the wave equation and Laplace's equation. The unity transcends mathematical structure and encompasses basic phenomena as well. Thus particle physicists, nuclear physicists, and con­ densed matter physicists have considered similar scientific problems from complementary points of view. The mathematical structure presented here can be described in various terms: partial differential equations in an infinite number of independent variables, linear operators on infinite dimensional spaces, or probability theory and analysis over function spaces. This mathematical structure of quantization is a generalization of the theory of partial differential equa­ tions, very much as the latter generalizes the theory of ordinary differential equations. Our central theme is the quantization of a nonlinear partial differential equation and the physics of systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom. Mathematicians, theoretical physicists, and specialists in mathematical physics are the three audiences to which the book is addressed. Each of the three parts is written with a different scientific perspective.

Readings in Artificial Intelligence

Readings in Artificial Intelligence focuses on the principles, methodologies, advancements, and approaches involved in artificial intelligence. The selection first elaborates on representations of problems of reasoning about actions, a problem similarity approach to devising heuristics, and optimal search strategies for speech understanding control. Discussions focus on comparison with existing speech understanding systems, empirical comparisons of the different strategies, analysis of distance function approximation, problem similarity, problems of reasoning about action, search for solution in the reduction system, and relationship between the initial search space and the higher level search space. The book then examines consistency in networks of relations, non-resolution theorem proving, using rewriting rules for connection graphs to prove theorems, and closed world data bases. The manuscript tackles a truth maintenance system, elements of a plan-based theory of speech acts, and reasoning about knowledge and action. Topics include problems in reasoning about knowledge, integration knowledge and action, models of plans, compositional adequacy, truth maintenance mechanisms, dialectical arguments, and assumptions and the problem of control. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers wanting to explore the field of artificial intelligence.