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Advanced Ocean Modelling: Using Open-Source Software
by Jochen KämpfThis book focuses on motions of incompressible ?uids of a freely moving surface being in?uenced by both the Earth’s rotation and density strati?cation. In contrast to traditional textbooks in the ?eld of geophysical ?uid dynamics, such as those by by Cushman-Roisin (1994) and Gill (1982), this book uses the method of proce- oriented hydrodynamic modelling to illustrate a rich variety of ?uid phenomena. To this end, the reader can adopt the model codes, found on the Springer server accompanying this book, to reproduce most graphs of this book and, even better, to create animation movies. The reader can also employ the codes as templates for own independent studies. This can be done by a lay person as a hobby activity, undergraduate or postgraduate students as part of their education, or professional scientists as part of research. Exercises of this book are run with open-source software that can be freely downloaded from the Internet. This includes the FORTRAN 95 compiler “G95” used for execution of model simulations, the data visualisation program “SciLab”, and “ImageMagick” for the creation of graphs and GIF animations, which can be watched with most Internet browsers.
Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions
by U. C. Mohanty Sundararaman G. GopalakrishnanThis book deals primarily with monitoring, prediction and understanding of Tropical Cyclones (TCs). It was envisioned to serve as a teaching and reference resource at universities and academic institutions for researchers and post-graduate students. It has been designed to provide a broad outlook on recent advances in observations, assimilation and modeling of TCs with detailed and advanced information on genesis, intensification, movement and storm surge prediction. Specifically, it focuses on (i) state-of-the-art observations for advancing TC research, (ii) advances in numerical weather prediction for TCs, (iii) advanced assimilation and vortex initialization techniques, (iv) ocean coupling, (v) current capabilities to predict TCs, and (vi) advanced research in physical and dynamical processes in TCs. The chapters in the book are authored by leading international experts from academic, research and operational environments. The book is also expected to stimulate critical thinking for cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, and graduate and post-graduate students to carry out future research in the field of TCs.
Advanced Numerical Methods in Foundation Engineering: Proceedings of the 3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2019 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures – The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Hany Shehata Braja Das A. P. S. Selvadurai Ayman FayedThis book deals with the advanced analysis of the shallow foundations. Several research studies are considered including soil plasticity, cracking, reaching the soil bearing capacity, and creep. Dynamic analyses together with stability analysis are also included. It gives a wide range of dealing with the shallow foundations in different parts of the world.
Advanced Multipoles for Accelerator Magnets: Theoretical Analysis and Their Measurement (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #277)
by Pierre SchnizerThis monograph presents research on the transversal beam dynamics of accelerators and evaluates and describes the respective magnetic field homogeneity. The widely used cylindrical circular multipoles have disadvantages for elliptical apertures or curved trajectories, and the book also introduces new types of advanced multipole magnets, detailing their application, as well as the numerical data and measurements obtained. The research presented here provides more precise descriptions of the field and better estimates of the beam dynamics. Moreover, the effects of field inhomogeneity can be estimated with higher precision than before. These findings are further elaborated to demonstrate their usefulness for real magnets and accelerator set ups, showing their advantages over cylindrical circular multipoles. The research findings are complemented with data obtained from the new superconducting beam guiding magnet models (SIS100) for the FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) project. Lastly, the book offers a comprehensive survey of error propagation in multipole measurements and an appendix with Mathematica scripts to calculate advanced magnetic coil designs.
Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications: Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon, 23–26 October 2000
by Andreas Kling Fernando J. C. Barao Masayuki Nakagawa Luis Tavora Pedro VazThis book focuses on the state of the art of Monte Carlo methods in radiation physics and particle transport simulation and applications. Special attention is paid to algorithm development for modeling, and the analysis of experiments and measurements in a variety of fields.
Advanced Modelling and Innovations in Water Resources Engineering: Select Proceedings of AMIWRE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #176)
by Chintalacheruvu Madhusudana Rao K. C. Patra D. Jhajharia Sangeeta KumariThis book presents select proceedings of the national conference on Advanced Modelling and Innovations in Water Resources Engineering (AMIWRE 2021) and examines numerous advancements in the field of water resources engineering and management towards sustainable development of environment. The topics covered includes river basin planning and development, reservoir planning and management, integrated water management, reservoir sedimentation, soil erosion and sedimentation, agricultural technologies for climate change mitigation, uncertainty analysis in hydrology, water distribution networks, floods and droughts management, water quality modelling, environmental modelling, environmental impact assessment, urban water management, open channel hydraulics, hydraulic structures, groundwater hydraulics, groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling, computational fluid dynamics, ocean engineering, HEC-RAC, SWAT, MIKE, MODFLOW models applications, numerical analysis in water resources engineering, climate change impacts on hydrology, optimization techniques in water resources, soft computing techniques and applications in water resources and remote sensing / geospatial techniques in water resources. This book will be beneficial for water sectors development mainly agricultural production, reservoir operations, improvement of water quality, flood and drought controls, designing hydraulic structures and geospatial analysis. This book will be a valuable reference for faculties, research scholars, students, design engineers, industrialists, R & D personnel and practitioners working in water resources engineering and its related fields.
Advanced Mineralogy: Volume 1 Composition, Structure, and Properties of Mineral Matter: Concepts, Results, and Problems (Advanced Mineralogy Ser. #1)
by A. S. MarfuninAll existing introductory reviews of mineralogy are written accord ing to the same algorithm, sometimes called the "Dana System of Mineralogy". Even modern advanced handbooks, which are cer tainly necessary, include basic data on minerals and are essentially descriptive. When basic information on the chemistry, structure, optical and physical properties, distinguished features and para genesis of 200-400 minerals is presented, then there is practically no further space available to include new ideas and concepts based on recent mineral studies. A possible solution to this dilemma would be to present a book beginning where introductory textbooks end for those already famil iar with the elementary concepts. Such a volume would be tailored to specialists in all fields of science and industry, interested in the most recent results in mineralogy. This approach may be called Advanced Mineralogy. Here, an attempt has been made to survey the current possibilities and aims in mineral matter investigations, including the main characteristics of all the methods, the most important problems and topics of mineral ogy, and related studies. The individual volumes are composed of short, condensed chap ters. Each chapter presents in a complete, albeit condensed, form specific problems, methods, theories, and directions of investigations, and estimates their importance and strategic position in science and industry.
Advanced Mineralogy: Volume 3: Mineral Matter in Space, Mantle, Ocean Floor, Biosphere, Environmental Management, and Jewelry
by Prof. Dr. Arnold S. MarfuninThis volume of Advanced Mineralogy encompasses six different areas having two features in common: they are related to one of the largest enterprises of the second half of this century; and represent the ultimate and final extension of the concept of mineral matter. - Understanding mineral matter in Space is one of the principal purposes of cosmic exploration. This includes the results of compa rative planetology, lunar epopee, sophisticated meteorite studies (now more than 500 meteorite minerals), discovery of the interstellar mineral dust forming some 60 trillion of earth masses in the Galaxy, and terrestrial impact crater studies. It is possible now to speak of mineralogy of the Universum, and the mineralogical type of the states of matter in the Universe. Direct samples of mantle xenoliths and ultrahigh pressure-tem perature experiments make it possible to consider the mineral ogical composition of the Earth as a whole, including the upper an lower mantle and the Earth's core. Deep ocean drilling programs, a scientific fleet of hundreds of vessels and several submersibles have brought about great dis coveries in the geology, metalogeny, and mineralogy of the ocean floor the largest part of the Earth's surface, in particular revealing new genetic, crystallochemical, and ore types of min eral formation.
Advanced Methods of Structural Analysis
by Igor A. Karnovsky Olga LebedAdvanced Methods of Structural Analysis aims to help its readers navigate through the vast field of structural analysis. The book aims to help its readers master the numerous methods used in structural analysis by focusing on the principal concepts, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The end result is a guide to mastering the many intricacies of the plethora of methods of structural analysis. The book differentiates itself from other volumes in the field by focusing on the following: • Extended analysis of beams, trusses, frames, arches and cables • Extensive application of influence lines for analysis of structures • Simple and effective procedures for computation of deflections • Introduction to plastic analysis, stability, and free vibration analysis Authors Igor A. Karnovsky and Olga Lebed have crafted a must-read book for civil and structural engineers, as well as researches and students with an interest in perfecting structural analysis. Advanced Methods of Structural Analysis also offers numerous example problems, accompanied by detailed solutions and discussion of the results.
Advanced Methods of Structural Analysis
by Igor A. Karnovsky Olga LebedThis revised and significantly expanded edition contains a rigorous examination of key concepts, new chapters and discussions within existing chapters, and added reference materials in the appendix, while retaining its classroom-tested approach to helping readers navigate through the deep ideas, vast collection of the fundamental methods of structural analysis. The authors show how to undertake the numerous analytical methods used in structural analysis by focusing on the principal concepts, detailed procedures and results, as well as taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each method and sphere of their effective application. The end result is a guide to mastering the many intricacies of the range of methods of structural analysis. The book differentiates itself by focusing on extended analysis of beams, plane and spatial trusses, frames, arches, cables and combined structures; extensive application of influence lines for analysis of structures; simple and effective procedures for computation of deflections; introduction to plastic analysis, stability, and free and forced vibration analysis, as well as some special topics. Ten years ago, Professor Igor A. Karnovsky and Olga Lebed crafted a must-read book. Now fully updated, expanded, and titled Advanced Methods of Structural Analysis (Strength, Stability, Vibration), the book is ideal for instructors, civil and structural engineers, as well as researches and graduate and post graduate students with an interest in perfecting structural analysis.
Advanced Methods of Joint Inversion and Fusion of Multiphysics Data (Advances in Geological Science)
by Michael S. ZhdanovDifferent physical or geophysical methods provide information about distinctive physical properties of the objects, e.g., rock formations and mineralization. In many cases, this information is mutually complementary, which makes it natural for consideration in a joint inversion of the multiphysics data. Inversion of the observed data for a particular experiment is subject to considerable uncertainty and ambiguity. One productive approach to reducing uncertainty is to invert several types of data jointly. Nonuniqueness can also be reduced by incorporating additional information derived from available a priori knowledge about the target to reduce the search space for the solution. This additional information can be incorporated in the form of a joint inversion of multiphysics data.Generally established joint inversion methods, however, are inadequate for incorporating typical physical or geological complexity. For example, analytic, empirical, or statistical correlations between different physical properties may exist for only part of the model, and their specific form may be unknown. Features or structures that are present in the data of one physical method may not be present in the data generated by another physical method or may not be equally resolvable.This book presents and illustrates several advanced, new approaches to joint inversion and data fusion, which do not require a priori knowledge of specific empirical or statistical relationships between the different model parameters or their attributes. These approaches include the following novel methods, among others: 1) the Gramian method, which enforces the correlation between different parameters; 2) joint total variation functional or joint focusing stabilizers, e.g., minimum support and minimum gradient support constraints; 3) data fusion employing a joint minimum entropy stabilizer, which yields the simplest multiphysics solution that fits the multi-modal data. In addition, the book describes the principles of using artificial intelligence (AI) in solving multiphysics inverse problems. The book also presents in detail both the mathematical principles of these advanced approaches to joint inversion of multiphysics data and successful case histories of regional-scale and deposit-scale geophysical studies to illustrate their indicated advantages.
Advanced Methods in the Fractional Calculus of Variations (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Agnieszka B. Malinowska Tatiana Odzijewicz Delfim F.M. TorresThis brief presents a general unifying perspective on the fractional calculus. It brings together results of several recent approaches in generalizing the least action principle and the Euler–Lagrange equations to include fractional derivatives.The dependence of Lagrangians on generalized fractional operators as well as on classical derivatives is considered along with still more general problems in which integer-order integrals are replaced by fractional integrals. General theorems are obtained for several types of variational problems for which recent results developed in the literature can be obtained as special cases. In particular, the authors offer necessary optimality conditions of Euler–Lagrange type for the fundamental and isoperimetric problems, transversality conditions, and Noether symmetry theorems. The existence of solutions is demonstrated under Tonelli type conditions. The results are used to prove the existence of eigenvalues and corresponding orthogonal eigenfunctions of fractional Sturm–Liouville problems.Advanced Methods in the Fractional Calculus of Variations is a self-contained text which will be useful for graduate students wishing to learn about fractional-order systems. The detailed explanations will interest researchers with backgrounds in applied mathematics, control and optimization as well as in certain areas of physics and engineering.
Advanced Methods in Petroleum Geochemistry (SpringerBriefs in Petroleum Geoscience & Engineering)
by Mehdi Ostadhassan Bodhisatwa HazraThis brief presents recent developments and new methodologies in the area of petroleum geochemistry, including innovative unconventional analytical methods such as Raman, NMR and XPS spectroscopy that are based on advanced analytical chemistry and recently developed instrumentation. It discusses delineating mechanisms for petroleum generation, expulsion, migration and accumulation in reservoirs from the source rock. This brief provides data, illustrations and detailed explanation of each method discussed, as well as data collection, interpretation of the results and intercorrelated characteristics of different case studies from a variety of samples. Geologists, engineers, and graduate students interested in the petroleum industry will all find the book valuable.
Advanced Methods for Groundwater Pollution Control (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #364)
by Guiseppe Gambolati Giorgio VerriIn recent years the analysis, control, preservation, remediation and correct management of underground resources have received a growing attention in a variety of sectors, including industrial, professional and academic environments. The volume describes new developments in both applied research and design technology to maintain sustainability of a vital resource (groundwater) which is continuously threatened by contamination resulting from solid waste disposal operations, site reutilization, intensive extraction, accidental leakage of spill in working installations and non-point source pollution in agriculture. It is directed to managers, professionals, and researchers working in any of the areas concerned with the control, prediction, and remediation of soil and groundwater contamination.
Advanced Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering
by S. I. HayekClassroom-tested, Advanced Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering, Second Edition presents methods of applied mathematics that are particularly suited to address physical problems in science and engineering. Numerous examples illustrate the various methods of solution and answers to the end-of-chapter problems are included at the back of t
Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers I: Asymptotic Methods and Perturbation Theory
by Carl M. Bender Steven A. OrszagA clear, practical and self-contained presentation of the methods of asymptotics and perturbation theory for obtaining approximate analytical solutions to differential and difference equations. Aimed at teaching the most useful insights in approaching new problems, the text avoids special methods and tricks that only work for particular problems. Intended for graduates and advanced undergraduates, it assumes only a limited familiarity with differential equations and complex variables. The presentation begins with a review of differential and difference equations, then develops local asymptotic methods for such equations, and explains perturbation and summation theory before concluding with an exposition of global asymptotic methods. Emphasizing applications, the discussion stresses care rather than rigor and relies on many well-chosen examples to teach readers how an applied mathematician tackles problems. There are 190 computer-generated plots and tables comparing approximate and exact solutions, over 600 problems of varying levels of difficulty, and an appendix summarizing the properties of special functions.
Advanced Mathematical and Computational Geomechanics (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #13)
by Dimitrios KolymbasGeomechanics is the mechanics of geomaterials, i.e. soils and rocks, and deals with fascinating problems such as settlements, stability of excavations, tunnels and offshore platforms, landslides, earthquakes and liquefaction. This edited book presents recent mathematical and computational tools and models to describe and simulate such problems in Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. It includes a collection of contributions emanating from the three Euroconferences GeoMath ("Mathematical Methods in Geomechanics") that were held between 2000 and 2002 in Innsbruck/Austria and Horto/Greece.
Advanced Materials for the Conservation of Stone
by Majid Hosseini Ioannis KarapanagiotisThis book identifies novel advanced materials that can be utilized as protective agents for the preservation of stone. The innovative solutions to stone conservation presented here result in increased sustainability, reduced environmental impact, and increased social and economic benefits. It provides an overview of recent trends and progress in advanced materials applied to stone protection. It also explores the scientific principles behind these advanced materials and discusses their applications to diff erent types of stone preservation efforts. Essential information as well as knowledge on the availability and applicability of advanced nanostructured materials is also provided, with focus placed on the practical aspects of stone protection. Th e book highlights an interdisciplinary eff ort regarding novel applications of nanostructured materials in the advancement of stone protection. It provides insight towards forthcoming developments in the fi eld. Advanced nanostructured materials are designed and developed with the aim of being chemically, physically, and mechanically compatible with stone. Advanced materials for stone conservation that are characterized by several functional properties are considered in this book. These include the physico-chemical, protective, and morphological properties, eco-toxicity, and mechanisms of degradation. The authors present a thorough overview of cutting–edge discoveries, detailed information on recent technological developments, breakthroughs in novel nanomaterials, utilization strategies for applications in cultural heritage, and the current status and future outlook of the topic to address a wide range of scientific communities.
Advanced Materials: Physics, Mechanics and Applications (Springer Proceedings in Physics #152)
by Shun-Hsyung Chang Ivan A. Parinov Vitaly Yu. TopolovAdvanced materials are the basis of modern science and technology. This proceedings volume presents a broad spectrum of studies of novel materials covering their processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications. The book is concentrated on nanostructures, ferroelectric crystals, materials and composites, materials for solar cells and also polymeric composites. Nanotechnology approaches, modern piezoelectric techniques and also latest achievements in materials science, condensed matter physics, mechanics of deformable solids and numerical methods are presented. Great attention is devoted to novel devices with high accuracy, longevity and extended possibilities to work in wide temperature and pressure ranges, aggressive media etc. The characteristics of materials and composites with improved properties opening new possibilities of various physical processes, in particular transmission and receipt of signals under water, are described.
Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures
by D. J. Sellmyer Ralph SkomskiAdvanced magnetic nanostructures is an emerging field in magnetism and nanotechnology, but the literature consists of a rich variety of original papers and parts of reviews and books whose scope is comparatively broad. This calls for a book with specific emphasis on state-of-the-art synthetic methods for fabricating, characterizing and theoretically modeling new magnetic nanostructures. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of the field. Leading researchers world-wide have contributed a survey of their special ties to guide the reader through the exploding literature in nanomagnetic structures. The focus is on deliberately structured nanomagnets. It includes cluster assembled, self-organized and patterned thin films but excludes, for example, multilayered thin films. We target both industrial and academic researchers in magnetism and related areas, such as nanotechnology, materials science, and theoretical solid-state physics.
Advanced Magnetic Adsorbents for Water Treatment: Fundamentals and New Perspectives (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #61)
by Lucas Meili Guilherme Luiz DottoThis book compiles 15 chapters about the synthesis, characterizations, and application of many kinds of magnetic adsorbents for water treatment. It is devoted to the scientific community that works with adsorption technologies for water treatment and remediation. Specifically, for professors and Ph.D. students. It is expected that this book serves as an interesting background for researchers in the field of magnetic adsorbents for water treatment.
Advanced Introduction to Water Economics and Policy (Elgar Advanced Introductions series)
by Ariel DinarElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.Advanced Introduction to Water Economics and Policy highlights various aspects of economic and policy considerations as they are applied to water decision-making and evaluation in a comprehensive and clear manner.Key Features:Presents example-based simplified descriptions of water problems and economic principles used to address themProvides examples from different countries and analysis of main water-using sectorsHighlights emerging topics in water economics that address water scarcity and discusses economic and policy aspects related to the management of water at local, regional and international scalesResearchers and students will appreciate the comprehensive, straightforward presentation of critical information in this Advanced Introduction that does not get lost in technical jargon.
Advanced Introduction to Tourism Economics (Elgar Advanced Introductions series)
by David W. MarcouillerElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.This Advanced Introduction is an accessible and critical review of the economic foundations of tourism. Taking a regional approach based in macro- and resource economics, David Marcouiller points to how the competitive aspect of tourism can be transformative to regional activity. Offering insight into the decision-making process among both private and public stakeholders, this book makes clear the increasing necessity of using sound planning principles and practice to shape tourism consumption and production.Key Features:Explores integrative and sustainable tourism planningOutlines the features and construction of the tourism product and presents an environmental economics perspective on non-market goods and servicesTakes a macroeconomic approach to tourism development, highlighting the regional attributes of amenities and tourism demandThis timely Advanced Introduction will be crucial reading for scholars interested in tourism economics and development, economic geography and urban and regional economics as well as those looking for a thought-provoking introduction to this evolving area of study.
Advanced Introduction to Sustainable Tourism (Elgar Advanced Introductions series)
by David WeaverElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This critical review of sustainable tourism, from its beginnings in the late 1980s to the present, examines the pressing challenges posed by the effects of global warming and the persistence of deep poverty and social unrest in many regions. David Weaver explores the convergence of mass and ‘alternative’ tourism as a dominant theme. Originally perceived as two incompatible forms of tourism, they are positioned in this book through enlightened mass tourism as unified components of a single global ‘tourisystem’ with the power to achieve sustainable tourism. Key features include: • a global systems perspective • the presentation of enlightened mass tourism as an aspirational outcome • discussion of climate change, resilience and smart tourism as major challenges for sustainable tourism. Offering a concise introduction to the topic, tourism students will appreciate the clear look into the benefits and challenges of sustainable tourism. This will also be an insightful read for destination managers and tourism officials responsible for implementing sustainable outcomes.
Advanced Introduction to Resilience (Elgar Advanced Introductions series)
by Fikret BerkesElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.Providing a concise overview of resilience in the context of unprecedented global environmental change, this Advanced Introduction addresses the intertwined systems of people and nature. It explores ecological resilience, incorporating social science approaches and concepts, and identifies and discusses innovative ways of planning for an increasingly unpredictable future. Key Features:Identifies practical resilience-building strategies applicable to multiple areasProvides an interdisciplinary discussion of the fundamentals of social and ecological resilienceProposes new ways of dealing with complex environmental problems which present fundamental challenges to conventional science and technologyHighlights knowledge and issues concerning the resilience of Indigenous peoples across the globe, and the lessons that may be learnedExamining the concept of resilience rooted in historical analysis, from Greenland’s Vikings to the collapse of Maya civilization, this insightful Advanced Introduction will be essential reading for students and scholars of environmental studies, ecological economics, environmental and human geography, political studies, socio-economics, sociology and social policy. It includes key concepts for practitioners in the areas of climate change, development studies, disaster management, and natural resources management.