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A Brief History of the Chinese Language VII: Modern Chinese Lexicon 1 (Chinese Linguistics)

As the seventh volume of a multi-volume set on the Chinese language, this book studies the Mongolian influence on neologisms in Modern Chinese and innovations in word formation and lexical meanings during the period.Focusing on lexicons in Modern Chinese, the Chinese language used since the 13th century CE, this book first introduces new monosyllables and the entry of spoken idioms and dialects into the written language as well as the mingling of the Chinese language with the Mongolian and Manchu languages. It then focuses on the development and features of polysyllabic words in Modern Chinese, covering alliterative and rhyming compounds and trisyllabic and four-syllable words. The final chapter discusses the change of lexical meaning systems in Modern Chinese based on an analysis of monosyllables, disyllables and polysyllables.Illustrated with abundant examples, this comprehensive groundwork on Chinese lexical history will be a must read for scholars and students studying the modern Chinese language and linguistics and especially for beginning learners of the modern Chinese lexicon.

A Brief History of the Chinese Language VIII: Modern Chinese Lexicon 2 (Chinese Linguistics)

As the final volume of a multi-volume set on the Chinese language, this book studies the Western and Japanese influence on the lexicon of Modern Chinese, lexical developments in synonyms, idioms and proverbs in modern times, and lexical developments in contemporary times.This volume first introduces the influence of foreign cultures on the modern Chinese lexicon with an emphasis on loanwords from Japanese and Indo-European languages. It then discusses the synonyms, idioms and proverbs of Modern Chinese, elucidating their evolution, sources and composition. The final part centers on the development of the Chinese lexicon after the May 4 Movement in 1919, marking the beginning of the contemporary phase of the Chinese language. The author analyses trends and types of neologisms and loanwords and analyzes the blend of Mandarin and dialect words as well as the necessity of lexical standardization.Illustrated with abundant examples, this comprehensive groundwork on Chinese lexical history will be a must read for scholars and students studying modern Chinese language, linguistics and especially for beginning learners of modern and contemporary Chinese lexicon.

A Brief History of the Chinese Language VIII: Modern Chinese Lexicon 2 (Chinese Linguistics)

As the final volume of a multi-volume set on the Chinese language, this book studies the Western and Japanese influence on the lexicon of Modern Chinese, lexical developments in synonyms, idioms and proverbs in modern times, and lexical developments in contemporary times.This volume first introduces the influence of foreign cultures on the modern Chinese lexicon with an emphasis on loanwords from Japanese and Indo-European languages. It then discusses the synonyms, idioms and proverbs of Modern Chinese, elucidating their evolution, sources and composition. The final part centers on the development of the Chinese lexicon after the May 4 Movement in 1919, marking the beginning of the contemporary phase of the Chinese language. The author analyses trends and types of neologisms and loanwords and analyzes the blend of Mandarin and dialect words as well as the necessity of lexical standardization.Illustrated with abundant examples, this comprehensive groundwork on Chinese lexical history will be a must read for scholars and students studying modern Chinese language, linguistics and especially for beginning learners of modern and contemporary Chinese lexicon.

Mastering Chinese: The complete course for beginners (Macmillan Master Series (Languages))

With free-to-access audio online! This lively course teaches Mandarin Chinese to a broad range of learners in a modern, structured and engaging way.The focus is on acquiring basic conversational skills, and the text has a friendly, non-formal style, building up gently with a wealth of lively, imaginative exercises. The text places some emphasis on correct pronunciation, as this is so important in Mandarin. It introduces right from the start the fascinating Chinese script and includes essential grammar, along with interesting cultural insights. Pinyin, the standard system of spelling using the Roman alphabet to transliterate Chinese, is also included to help build confidence.The course is aimed at beginners with little or no previous knowledge of the language who want to begin to understand, speak, read and write Mandarin Chinese confidently.This is all you would expect from a modern Mandarin Chinese language course but can't find!

Acquiring Metaphorical Expressions in a Second Language: Performance by Chinese Learners of English

Conventional metaphorical expressions are widely used by native speakers in everyday language and have received extensive attention in theoretical semantics and cognitive linguistics. However, how a second language learner can acquire those expressions is left largely unknown. Researchers and language learners face the question: if one has acquired the literal meaning of a word, can they automatically derive the metaphorical meaning? This book provides the answer by placing the question of acquisition of metaphorical expressions in the framework of bilingual lexicon. Assessing whether metaphorical expressions are taken for granted by second language learners, it explores how the metaphorical meaning(s) of a word should be connected in a learner's mental lexicon, and how the cross-linguistic availability of a metaphorical expression could affect the outcome of acquisition of that expression. The book also provides a detailed comparison between metaphorical expressions and other figurative language from both the theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Acquiring Metaphorical Expressions in a Second Language: Performance by Chinese Learners of English

Conventional metaphorical expressions are widely used by native speakers in everyday language and have received extensive attention in theoretical semantics and cognitive linguistics. However, how a second language learner can acquire those expressions is left largely unknown. Researchers and language learners face the question: if one has acquired the literal meaning of a word, can they automatically derive the metaphorical meaning? This book provides the answer by placing the question of acquisition of metaphorical expressions in the framework of bilingual lexicon. Assessing whether metaphorical expressions are taken for granted by second language learners, it explores how the metaphorical meaning(s) of a word should be connected in a learner's mental lexicon, and how the cross-linguistic availability of a metaphorical expression could affect the outcome of acquisition of that expression. The book also provides a detailed comparison between metaphorical expressions and other figurative language from both the theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Indigenous Youth and Multilingualism: Language Identity, Ideology, and Practice in Dynamic Cultural Worlds

Bridging the fields of youth studies and language planning and policy, this book takes a close, nuanced look at Indigenous youth bi/multilingualism across diverse cultural and linguistic settings, drawing out comparisons, contrasts, and important implications for language planning and policy and for projects designed to curtail language loss. Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars with longstanding ties to language planning efforts in diverse Indigenous communities examine language policy and planning as de facto and de jure – as covert and overt, bottom-up and top-down. This approach illuminates crosscutting themes of language identity and ideology, cultural conflict, and linguistic human rights as youth negotiate these issues within rapidly changing sociolinguistic contexts. A distinctive feature of the book is its chapters and commentaries by Indigenous scholars writing about their own communities. This landmark volume stands alone in offering a look at diverse Indigenous youth in multiple endangered language communities, new theoretical, empirical, and methodological insights, and lessons for intergenerational language planning in dynamic sociocultural contexts.

Indigenous Youth and Multilingualism: Language Identity, Ideology, and Practice in Dynamic Cultural Worlds

Bridging the fields of youth studies and language planning and policy, this book takes a close, nuanced look at Indigenous youth bi/multilingualism across diverse cultural and linguistic settings, drawing out comparisons, contrasts, and important implications for language planning and policy and for projects designed to curtail language loss. Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars with longstanding ties to language planning efforts in diverse Indigenous communities examine language policy and planning as de facto and de jure – as covert and overt, bottom-up and top-down. This approach illuminates crosscutting themes of language identity and ideology, cultural conflict, and linguistic human rights as youth negotiate these issues within rapidly changing sociolinguistic contexts. A distinctive feature of the book is its chapters and commentaries by Indigenous scholars writing about their own communities. This landmark volume stands alone in offering a look at diverse Indigenous youth in multiple endangered language communities, new theoretical, empirical, and methodological insights, and lessons for intergenerational language planning in dynamic sociocultural contexts.

Check Your English Vocabulary for IELTS: Essential words and phrases to help you maximise your IELTS score

This bestselling workbook provides a resource for students studying towards the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) exam. It has been written for students at intermediate level and above, and is particularly appropriate for anyone who plans to study or train at an English-speaking college or university.Fully updated for this fourth edition, the book provides exercises to help teach and build general and topic-specific vocabulary related to the IELTS test and also covers grammar, use of English, comprehension and spelling. Suitable for both self-study and the classroom, it includes a range of activities to help students build and improve their English vocabulary and language skills. - Tests and improves vocabulary using a variety of useful, interesting and enjoyable exercises- Easy-to-use format with clear instructions- Comprehensive answer key with additional information- Includes IELTS-style Speaking and Writing tasks with sample answers to allow for productive practice of target language

Check Your English Vocabulary for IELTS: Essential words and phrases to help you maximise your IELTS score

This bestselling workbook provides a resource for students studying towards the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) exam. It has been written for students at intermediate level and above, and is particularly appropriate for anyone who plans to study or train at an English-speaking college or university.Fully updated for this fourth edition, the book provides exercises to help teach and build general and topic-specific vocabulary related to the IELTS test and also covers grammar, use of English, comprehension and spelling. Suitable for both self-study and the classroom, it includes a range of activities to help students build and improve their English vocabulary and language skills. - Tests and improves vocabulary using a variety of useful, interesting and enjoyable exercises- Easy-to-use format with clear instructions- Comprehensive answer key with additional information- Includes IELTS-style Speaking and Writing tasks with sample answers to allow for productive practice of target language

Check Your English Vocabulary for TOEFL: Essential words and phrases to help you maximize your TOEFL score

This workbook provides a resource for students studying towards the TOEFL® (Test of English as a Foreign Language) exam, which is a requirement for entry for non-native speakers of English at over 8,000 universities in 130 countries worldwide. Fully updated for this fourth edition, it includes a range of fun activities to help students build and improve their English vocabulary at TOEFL® level, and is suitable for both self-study and classroom use.

Check Your English Vocabulary for TOEFL: Essential words and phrases to help you maximise your TOEFL score (Check Your Vocabulary Ser.)

This workbook provides exercises to help students practise and build many of the English words and phrases that they will find useful for the popular TOEFL® (Test of English as a Foreign Language) examination, which is an entry requirement for non-native speakers at more than 6,000 universities and colleges worldwide. It has been written for students at intermediate level and above, and is particularly appropriate for anyone who plans to study or train in an English-speaking country.The material in this workbook covers general vocabulary, as well as topic-specific vocabulary based on themes which regularly feature in the TOEFL®.- Tests and improves vocabulary using a variety of useful, interesting and enjoyable exercises- For students learning English at intermediate level and above- Easy-to-use format with clear instructions- Comprehensive answer key with additional information- Ideal for self-study or classroom use

Check Your English Vocabulary for TOEFL: Essential words and phrases to help you maximise your TOEFL score

This workbook provides exercises to help students practise and build many of the English words and phrases that they will find useful for the popular TOEFL® (Test of English as a Foreign Language) examination, which is an entry requirement for non-native speakers at more than 6,000 universities and colleges worldwide. It has been written for students at intermediate level and above, and is particularly appropriate for anyone who plans to study or train in an English-speaking country.The material in this workbook covers general vocabulary, as well as topic-specific vocabulary based on themes which regularly feature in the TOEFL®.- Tests and improves vocabulary using a variety of useful, interesting and enjoyable exercises- For students learning English at intermediate level and above- Easy-to-use format with clear instructions- Comprehensive answer key with additional information- Ideal for self-study or classroom use

English as a Medium of Instruction on the Arabian Peninsula (Routledge Studies in English-Medium Instruction)

Focusing on English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in the Arab Gulf states, the authors consider both sociolinguistic and pedagogical perspectives, and explore practical implications. This edited volume features chapters covering how teachers are negotiating the linguistic challenges posed by EMI; issues of ownership, choice and agency; the scaffolding of academic literacies; how to support the development of content teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in EMI settings as well as the benefits of a bilingual education. Chapter authors all have extensive local experience that they draw upon reflectively in their writing. Policy-makers, teachers and teacher educators wondering how they can best balance the need to develop competence in English in students of all ages on the Arabian Peninsula in a globalizing world, together with the concern to nurture Arabic language, culture and identity, will gain rich insights from this book. Postgraduates and researchers exploring issues surrounding EMI, both locally and internationally, will benefit from the arguments presented in this volume.

Realitätskonstitution und mythischer Ursprung: Zur Entwicklung der italienischen Schriftsprache von Dante bis Salviati (Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen #370)

Foundations German 1 (Macmillan Foundation Languages)

A lively and popular introductory textbook teaching German to absolute beginners working in a classroom setting. A diverse range of dialogues, video clips, and reading passages deliver new material which is carefully practised in a wide variety of imaginative exercises, both individually and in pair- and groupwork, and backed up by structured grammatical underpinning and exercises. Students can access their free e-book (a code comes with each book) for all accompanying audio and video resources. Lecturers can access audio and video online along with a wealth of extra resources. A substantial self-study section offers practice material for homework and revision, and for extension purposes. Foundations Languages courses are tailor-made for undergraduates and other students on Institution-wide Languages Programmes (IWLPs), languages options and electives, ab initio and minor routes in languages, and open learning programmes at universities and in Adult Education. Foundations German 1 assumes no previous knowledge.

Foundations German 1 (Macmillan Foundation Languages)

A lively and popular introductory textbook teaching German to absolute beginners working in a classroom setting. A diverse range of dialogues, video clips, and reading passages deliver new material which is carefully practised in a wide variety of imaginative exercises, both individually and in pair- and groupwork, and backed up by structured grammatical underpinning and exercises. Students can access their free e-book (a code comes with each book) for all accompanying audio and video resources. Lecturers can access audio and video online along with a wealth of extra resources. A substantial self-study section offers practice material for homework and revision, and for extension purposes.Foundations Languages courses are tailor-made for undergraduates and other students on Institution-wide Languages Programmes (IWLPs), languages options and electives, ab initio and minor routes in languages, and open learning programmes at universities and in Adult Education. Foundations German 1 assumes no previous knowledge.New to this Edition:- Fully revised and updated following extensive lecturer feedback- First time in full colour!- New photos and illustrations- New integrated video clips- Code for interactive ebook inside to allow easy access to video, audio and interactive exercises and great searchability- Extra online grammar and video exercises- New cultural notes- Voiced vocabulary lists

Chinese Lexical Semantics: 18th Workshop, CLSW 2017, Leshan, China, May 18–20, 2017, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10709)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 18th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, CLSW 2017, held in Leshan, China, in May 2017.The 48 full papers and 5 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 176 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: lexical semantics; applications of natural language processing; lexical resources; and corpus linguistics.

The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)

The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics provides an in-depth exploration of a variety of interface phenomena in Chinese, a non-inflectional language, where to a large extent word order constrains its interpretation and defines its grammatical functions. Under the Dynamic Syntax approach, which takes the incremental left-to-right processing of linguistic forms to be a fundamental part of characterizing the relation between syntactic structure and semantic interpretation, a straightforward explanation is provided. The study features detailed analysis of a range of key grammatical constructions such as topic, passive, copular and cleft, where previous analyses were sought in pure syntactic, semantic or pragmatic terms. Clear and straightforward throughout, The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics will be of interest to graduate students and scholars of Chinese, linguistics and cognitive science.

The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)

The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics provides an in-depth exploration of a variety of interface phenomena in Chinese, a non-inflectional language, where to a large extent word order constrains its interpretation and defines its grammatical functions. Under the Dynamic Syntax approach, which takes the incremental left-to-right processing of linguistic forms to be a fundamental part of characterizing the relation between syntactic structure and semantic interpretation, a straightforward explanation is provided. The study features detailed analysis of a range of key grammatical constructions such as topic, passive, copular and cleft, where previous analyses were sought in pure syntactic, semantic or pragmatic terms. Clear and straightforward throughout, The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics will be of interest to graduate students and scholars of Chinese, linguistics and cognitive science.

Mastering Advanced Modern Chinese through the Classics: An Advanced Language and Culture Course

Mastering Advanced Modern Chinese through the Classics is a textbook to teach those who wish to achieve an advanced or native proficiency and cultural competence in modern Chinese, as well as to experience the beauty of Classical Chinese literature. Collecting representative works containing vibrant views of Chinese culture from different dynasties, this book is focused on how the grammatical patterns, vocabulary, and idioms that are found in Classical Chinese are relevant in the modern adaptation of the language, and how the accumulated traditional values and beliefs found there still shape the thinking and lifestyle of modern society. Online resources including audio, answer keys, and instructor aids will be part of the teaching package.

Mastering Advanced Modern Chinese through the Classics: An Advanced Language and Culture Course

Mastering Advanced Modern Chinese through the Classics is a textbook to teach those who wish to achieve an advanced or native proficiency and cultural competence in modern Chinese, as well as to experience the beauty of Classical Chinese literature. Collecting representative works containing vibrant views of Chinese culture from different dynasties, this book is focused on how the grammatical patterns, vocabulary, and idioms that are found in Classical Chinese are relevant in the modern adaptation of the language, and how the accumulated traditional values and beliefs found there still shape the thinking and lifestyle of modern society. Online resources including audio, answer keys, and instructor aids will be part of the teaching package.

Sublating Second Language Research and Practices: Contribution from the Hegelian Perspective (Routledge Research in Language Education)

Wu’s book provides an innovative perspective on, and recommendations for, the major aspects of second language (L2) teaching from a Hegelian anthro-philosophical perspective. Language is social in nature and is related to the larger social milieu. Hegelian philosophy of language complements existing research and theories on L2 learning by not only equipping them with a systematic framework but also broadening their scope. In Hegelian philosophy, language not only has its individual and interpersonal dimensions but is also related to the community, society, and morality. The Hegelian perspective also suggests a number of functions of L2 which have either been neglected or rejected by L2 researchers. This book highlights these neglected elements such as intersubjectivity, mutual recognition, universalization and objectivization of inner subjectivity of individuals, as well as moral enhancement. These concepts generate insights on the teaching and learning of L2. Wu’s volume also covers how the Hegelian anthro-philosophical perspective can help to re-interpret research results on L2 learner characteristics that are related to L2 learning to date such as L2 identity and autonomy. The book offers an alternative research paradigm, teaching philosophy, pedagogical implications, and suggestions for scholars, practitioners, and students in the professional field of L2 teaching.

Sublating Second Language Research and Practices: Contribution from the Hegelian Perspective (Routledge Research in Language Education)

Wu’s book provides an innovative perspective on, and recommendations for, the major aspects of second language (L2) teaching from a Hegelian anthro-philosophical perspective. Language is social in nature and is related to the larger social milieu. Hegelian philosophy of language complements existing research and theories on L2 learning by not only equipping them with a systematic framework but also broadening their scope. In Hegelian philosophy, language not only has its individual and interpersonal dimensions but is also related to the community, society, and morality. The Hegelian perspective also suggests a number of functions of L2 which have either been neglected or rejected by L2 researchers. This book highlights these neglected elements such as intersubjectivity, mutual recognition, universalization and objectivization of inner subjectivity of individuals, as well as moral enhancement. These concepts generate insights on the teaching and learning of L2. Wu’s volume also covers how the Hegelian anthro-philosophical perspective can help to re-interpret research results on L2 learner characteristics that are related to L2 learning to date such as L2 identity and autonomy. The book offers an alternative research paradigm, teaching philosophy, pedagogical implications, and suggestions for scholars, practitioners, and students in the professional field of L2 teaching.

Advanced Level Chinese: A Complete Tutorial

There is one Chinese A Level available in the UK, set by the Edexel examination board. A level student numbers are around 2000 and rising as China makes its presence felt in the world economy. Moves to encourage the learning of non-traditional foreign languages such as Chinese in schools have recently led to considerable interest in educational circles and in the press, which can only increase. This comprehensive textbook covers the complete Chinese A Level course. Keeping in mind the needs of students who may experience varying levels of teaching, it places particular emphasis on the more advanced A2 level of the course, giving plenty of help with cultural background and history, and with the assigned literature. It is also ideal for those studying Chinese for the International Baccalaureate and generally in higher education.Major features of the book include:carefully structured exercises to improve comprehension and translation skills; intensive training in essay writing; help with understanding Chinese traditions of Confucianism and Taoism and recent historic events as essential background to reading the assigned set texts; and, full coverage of the assigned set texts, including context, analysis and exercises.