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3D CAD: Principles and Applications (Computer Science Workbench)

3D CAD is one of the most important technologies of the 90s for the engineering and manufacturing world. 3D CAD systems can provide a competitive edge in the development of new products. This book presents the development of a three-dimensional CAD system and its wide range of applications. It describes the concepts of solid models, and the theory of curves and surfaces and it illustrates these concepts through "reals world" applications.

3D-Bildsegmentierung mittels statistischer Formmodelle: Korrespondenzfindung, Modellierung, Segmentierung und ihre wechselseitigen Abhängigkeiten (Aktuelle Forschung Medizintechnik – Latest Research in Medical Engineering)

Sebastian T. Gollmer entwickelt neue Methoden und Algorithmen für die Erstellung statistischer Formmodelle, die Formmodellierung und die formmodellbasierte Bildsegmentierung. Der Autor diskutiert ihre Vorteile gegenüber den jeweils etablierten Verfahren aus der Literatur und evaluiert den generellen Einfluss dieser drei Aspekte auf die erzielbare Segmentierungsgenauigkeit. Letzteres erfolgt sowohl unter Verwendung neu entwickelter und etablierter Evaluierungsverfahren als auch im Rahmen realer Anwendungen. Von besonderer praktischer Relevanz zeigen sich dabei die exzellenten, mit einem neuen vollautomatischen Algorithmus erzielten Ergebnisse für die Unterkiefersegmentierung.

33 Ways to Help with Numeracy: Supporting Children who Struggle with Basic Skills (Thirty Three Ways to Help with....)

Thirty Three Ways to Help with Numeracy equips teachers and teaching assistants with a wide range of practical resources to help children who are having difficulties learning the basic skills of numeracy. By providing a range of activities and games which engage children and encourage motivation in the classroom, the book provides ready-to-use exercises that don’t need lengthy forward preparation. Any materials needed are readily available in the classroom or are provided here to photocopy. The activities are designed using a range of different learning styles to: build learners’ confidence and self esteem develop reasoning and thinking about physical number situations encourage discussions explore numbers by doing The activities can be used with individual children, groups or the whole class. The introduction at the head of each activity describes precisely what it aims to teach the child, followed by clear, concise instructions on how to play each game. Teachers, SENCos and Teaching Assistants will welcome this helpful resource, which complements Thirty Three Ways to Help with Reading also available from Routledge.

33 Ways to Help with Numeracy: Supporting Children who Struggle with Basic Skills (Thirty Three Ways to Help with....)

Thirty Three Ways to Help with Numeracy equips teachers and teaching assistants with a wide range of practical resources to help children who are having difficulties learning the basic skills of numeracy. By providing a range of activities and games which engage children and encourage motivation in the classroom, the book provides ready-to-use exercises that don’t need lengthy forward preparation. Any materials needed are readily available in the classroom or are provided here to photocopy. The activities are designed using a range of different learning styles to: build learners’ confidence and self esteem develop reasoning and thinking about physical number situations encourage discussions explore numbers by doing The activities can be used with individual children, groups or the whole class. The introduction at the head of each activity describes precisely what it aims to teach the child, followed by clear, concise instructions on how to play each game. Teachers, SENCos and Teaching Assistants will welcome this helpful resource, which complements Thirty Three Ways to Help with Reading also available from Routledge.

The 32nd Mersenne Prime

30th Anniversary Edition (Advances in Econometrics #30)

The 30th Volume of Advances in Econometrics is in honor of the two individuals whose hard work has helped ensure thirty successful years of the series, Thomas Fomby and R. Carter Hill. This volume began with a history of the Advances series by Asli Ogunc and Randall Campbell summarizing the prior volumes. Tom Fomby and Carter Hill both provide discussions of the role of Advances over the years. The remaining articles include contributions by a number of authors who have played key roles in the series over the years and in the careers of Fomby and Hill. Overall, this leads to a more diverse mix of papers than a typical volume of Advances in Econometrics.

3000 Years of Analysis: Mathematics in History and Culture

What exactly is analysis? What are infinitely small or infinitely large quantities? What are indivisibles and infinitesimals? What are real numbers, continuity, the continuum, differentials, and integrals?You’ll find the answers to these and other questions in this unique book! It explains in detail the origins and evolution of this important branch of mathematics, which Euler dubbed the “analysis of the infinite.” A wealth of diagrams, tables, color images and figures serve to illustrate the fascinating history of analysis from Antiquity to the present. Further, the content is presented in connection with the historical and cultural events of the respective epochs, the lives of the scholars seeking knowledge, and insights into the subfields of analysis they created and shaped, as well as the applications in virtually every aspect of modern life that were made possible by analysis.

3000 Jahre Analysis: Geschichte - Kulturen - Menschen (Vom Zählstein zum Computer)

In dem Band werden Entstehung und Entwicklung der grundlegenden Begriffe der Analysis von der Antike bis heute ausführlich behandelt. Eingebettet sind diese Informationen in die Beschreibung historischer und kultureller Ereignisse, die Lebensläufe bedeutender Mathematiker und der von ihnen entwickelten Teilgebiete der Analysis. Zahlreiche gezeichnete Figuren veranschaulichen Begriffe, Lehrsätze und Methoden. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine Tabelle mit den Daten der wesentlichen Ergebnisse und Ereignisse aus 3000 Jahren Analysis.

3000 Jahre Analysis: Geschichte, Kulturen, Menschen (Vom Zählstein zum Computer)

In dem Band werden Entstehung und Entwicklung der grundlegenden Begriffe der Analysis von der Antike bis heute ausführlich behandelt. Eingebettet sind diese Informationen in die Beschreibung historischer und kultureller Ereignisse, die Lebensläufe bedeutender Mathematiker und der von ihnen entwickelten Teilgebiete der Analysis. Zahlreiche gezeichnete Figuren veranschaulichen Begriffe, Lehrsätze und Methoden. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine Tabelle mit den Daten der wesentlichen Ergebnisse und Ereignisse aus 3000 Jahren Analysis.

30 Years of Change for Children (PDF)

How well have children fared in the UK in the thirty years since the National Children's Bureau was established in 1963. How has family life changed? What have been the main social and demographic changes? Has the welfare state continued to provide education, health care and social welfare for all children? These and other questions are considered as the authors reflect on the main changes in legislation, on key messages from research and on whether developments in practice have reflected these research findings.

30-Second Maths: The 50 Most Mind-expanding Theories In Mathematics, Each Explained In Half A Minute (30-second Ser.)

From Rubik's cubes to Godel's incompleteness theorem, everything mathematical explained, with colour illustrations, in half a minute. Maths is enjoying a resurgence in popularity. So how can you avoid being the only dinner guest who has no idea who Fermat was, or what he proved? The more you know about Maths, the less of a science it becomes. 30 Second Maths takes the top 50 most engaging mathematical theories, and explains them to the general reader in half a minute, using nothing more than two pages, 200 words and one picture. Read at your own pace, and discover that maths can be more fascinating than you ever imagined.

3. Österreichische Artificial-Intelligence-Tagung: Wien, 22–25. September 1987 (Informatik-Fachberichte #151)

3-D Spinors, Spin-Weighted Functions and their Applications (Progress in Mathematical Physics #32)

This book on the theory of three-dimensional spinors and their applications fills an important gap in the literature. It gives an introductory treatment of spinors. From the reviews: "Gathers much of what can be done with 3-D spinors in an easy-to-read, self-contained form designed for applications that will supplement many available spinor treatments. The book…should be appealing to graduate students and researchers in relativity and mathematical physics." -—MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS

3.1416 And All That

LYTTON STRACHEY tells the following story. In intervals of relaxation from his art, the painter Degas used to try his hand at writing sonnets. One day, while so engaged, he found that his in­ spiration had run dry. In desperation he ran to his friend Mallarme, who was a poet. "My poem won't come out," he said, "and yet I'm full of excellent ideas. " "My dear Degas," Mallarme retorted, "poetry is not written with ideas, it is written with words. " If we seek an application of Mallarme's words to mathematics we find that we shall want to turn his paradox around. We are led to say that mathematics does not consist of formulas, it consists of ideas. What is platitudinous about this statement is that mathe­ matics, of course, consists of ideas. Who but the most unregenerate formalist, asserting that mathematics is a meaningless game played with symbols, would deny it? What is paradoxical about the state­ ment is that symbols and formulas dominate the mathematical page, and so one is naturally led to equate mathematics with its formulas.

3+1 Formalism in General Relativity: Bases of Numerical Relativity (Lecture Notes in Physics #846)

This graduate-level, course-based text is devoted to the 3+1 formalism of general relativity, which also constitutes the theoretical foundations of numerical relativity. The book starts by establishing the mathematical background (differential geometry, hypersurfaces embedded in space-time, foliation of space-time by a family of space-like hypersurfaces), and then turns to the 3+1 decomposition of the Einstein equations, giving rise to the Cauchy problem with constraints, which constitutes the core of 3+1 formalism. The ADM Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity is also introduced at this stage. Finally, the decomposition of the matter and electromagnetic field equations is presented, focusing on the astrophysically relevant cases of a perfect fluid and a perfect conductor (ideal magnetohydrodynamics). The second part of the book introduces more advanced topics: the conformal transformation of the 3-metric on each hypersurface and the corresponding rewriting of the 3+1 Einstein equations, the Isenberg-Wilson-Mathews approximation to general relativity, global quantities associated with asymptotic flatness (ADM mass, linear and angular momentum) and with symmetries (Komar mass and angular momentum). In the last part, the initial data problem is studied, the choice of spacetime coordinates within the 3+1 framework is discussed and various schemes for the time integration of the 3+1 Einstein equations are reviewed. The prerequisites are those of a basic general relativity course with calculations and derivations presented in detail, making this text complete and self-contained. Numerical techniques are not covered in this book.

The 2x2 Matrix: Contingency, Confusion and the Metrics of Binary Classification

This book describes, extends, and illustrates the metrics of binary classification through worked examples.Worked examples based on pragmatic test accuracy study data are used in chapters to illustrate relevance to day-to-day clinical practice. Readers will gain an understanding of sensitivity and specificity and predictive values along with many other parameters.The contents are highly structured, and the use of worked examples facilitates understanding and interpretation.This book is a resource for clinicians in any discipline who are involved in the performance or assessment of test accuracy studies and professionals in the disciplines of machine learning or informatics wishing to gain insight into clinical applications of 2x2 tables.

The 2x2 Matrix: Contingency, Confusion and the Metrics of Binary Classification

This book presents and discusses the numerous measures of test performance that can be derived from 2x2 tables. Worked examples based on pragmatic test accuracy study data are used in chapters to illustrate relevance to day-to-day clinical practice. Readers will gain a good understanding of sensitivity and specificity and predictive values along with many other parameters.The contents are highly structured and the use of worked examples facilitates understanding and interpretation. This book is a resource for clinicians in any discipline who are involved in the performance or assessment of test accuracy studies, and professionals in the disciplines of machine learning or informatics wishing to gain insight into clinical applications of 2x2 tables.

2nd IMA Conference on Mathematics of Robotics (Springer Proceedings in Advanced Robotics #21)

This book highlights the mathematical depth and sophistication of techniques used in different areas of robotics. Each chapter is a peer-reviewed version of a paper presented during the 2021 IMA Conference on the Mathematics of Robotics, held online September 8–10, 2021. The conference gave a platform to researchers with fundamental contributions and for academic and to share new ideas. The book illustrates some of the current interest in advanced mathematics and robotics such as algebraic geometry, tropical geometry, monodromy and homotopy continuation methods applied to areas such as kinematics, path planning, swam robotics, dynamics and control. It is hoped that the conference and this publications will stimulate further related mathematical research in robotics.

25 Years of Model Checking: History, Achievements, Perspectives (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #5000)

Model checking technology is among the foremost applications of logic to computer science and computer engineering. The model checking community has achieved many breakthroughs, bridging the gap between theoretical computer science and hardware and software engineering, and it is reaching out to new challenging areas such as system biology and hybrid systems. Model checking is extensively used in the hardware industry and has also been applied to the verification of many types of software. Model checking has been introduced into computer science and electrical engineering curricula at universities worldwide and has become a universal tool for the analysis of systems. This Festschrift volume, published in celebration of the 25th Anniversary of Model Checking, includes a collection of 11 invited papers based on talks at the symposium "25 Years of Model Checking", 25MC, which was part of the 18th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV 2006), which in turn was part of the Federated Logic Conference (FLoC 2006) held in Seattle, WA, USA, in August 2006. Model checking is currently attracting considerable attention beyond the core technical community, and the ACM Turing Award 2007 was given in recognition of the paradigm-shifting work on this topic initiated a quarter century ago. Here we honor that achievement with the inclusion of facsimile reprints of the visionary papers on model checking by Edmund Clarke and Allen Emerson, and by Jean-Pierre Queille and Joseph Sifakis.

A 25-Year Perspective on Logic Programming: Achievements of the Italian Association for Logic Programming, GULP (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #6125)

This book celebratesthe 25th anniversaryof GULP—the Italian Associationfor LogicProgramming.Authored by Italian researchersat the leading edge of their ?elds, it presents an up-to-date survey of a broad collection of topics in logic programming, making it a useful reference for both researchers and students. During its 25-year existence, GULP has organised a wide range of national and international activities, including both conferences and summer schools. It has been especially active in supporting and encouraging young researchers, by providing scholarships for GULP events and awarding distinguished disser- tions. WeintheinternationallogicprogrammingcommunitylookuponGULPwith a combination of envy, admiration and gratitude. We are pleased to attend its conferences and summer schools, where we can learn about scienti?c advances, catch up with old friends and meet young students. It is an honour for me to acknowledge our appreciation to GULP for its outstanding contributions to our ?eld and to express our best wishes for its continuing prosperity in the future. March 2010 Robert Kowalski Imperial College London Preface On June 18, 1985, a group of pioneering researchers, including representatives from industry, national research labs, and academia, attended the constituent assembly of the Group of researchers and Users of Logic Programming (GULP) association. That was the starting point of a long adventure in science, that 1 we are still experiencing 25 years later. This volume celebrates this important event.

24 x 12 grid (tactile)

This page shows an image of a grid made up of many small squares.

24 x 12 grid (Tactile)

This page shows an image of a grid made up of many small squares.

The 21st Century Singularity and Global Futures: A Big History Perspective (World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures)

This book introduces a 'Big History' perspective to understand the acceleration of social, technological and economic trends towards a near-term singularity, marking a radical turning point in the evolution of our planet. It traces the emergence of accelerating innovation rates through global history and highlights major historical transformations throughout the evolution of life, humans, and civilization. The authors pursue an interdisciplinary approach, also drawing on concepts from physics and evolutionary biology, to offer potential models of the underlying mechanisms driving this acceleration, along with potential clues on how it might progress. The contributions gathered here are divided into five parts, the first of which studies historical mega-trends in relation to a variety of aspects including technology, population, energy, and information. The second part is dedicated to a variety of models that can help understand the potential mechanisms, and support extrapolation. In turn, the third part explores various potential future scenarios, along with the paths and decisions that are required. The fourth part presents philosophical perspectives on the potential deeper meaning and implications of the trend towards singularity, while the fifth and last part discusses the implications of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars from various disciplines interested in historical trends, technological change and evolutionary processes.

The 21st Century Mathematics Education in China (New Frontiers of Educational Research)

This book intends to provide a comprehensive introduction to the status of development of Chinese mathematics education in the 21st century. To this end, the book summarizes and presents the research and practices of Chinese mathematics education in the following aspects: (1) characteristics of Chinese school mathematics curriculum and textbooks, (2) Chinese ways and strategies of teaching mathematics and the characteristics of mathematics classroom instruction in China, (3) Chinese instructional practices in developing (both gifted and underachieving) students’ mathematical capabilities, (4) how professional development of mathematics teachers is promoted in China, including mathematics teachers’ pre-service and in-service education, and how Chinese mathematics teachers design and implement teaching and research activities, and (5) how mathematics education is assessed and evaluated, including how to evaluate teachers’ teaching and students’ achievements. Relevant research in Chinese mathematics education involving methods of surveys, interviews, text analysis, etc., are reviewed and analyzed. Results of a number of video studies of Chinese mathematics classroom teaching and learning are also integrated into this book.

21st Century Kinematics: The 2012 NSF Workshop

21st Century Kinematics focuses on algebraic problems in the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms and robots, compliant mechanisms, cable-driven systems and protein kinematics. The specialist contributors provide the background for a series of presentations at the 2012 NSF Workshop. The text shows how the analysis and design of innovative mechanical systems yield increasingly complex systems of polynomials, characteristic of those systems. In doing so, it takes advantage of increasingly sophisticated computational tools developed for numerical algebraic geometry and demonstrates the now routine derivation of polynomial systems dwarfing the landmark problems of even the recent past. The 21st Century Kinematics workshop echoes the NSF-supported 1963 Yale Mechanisms Teachers Conference that taught a generation of university educators the fundamental principles of kinematic theory. As such these proceedings will provide admirable supporting theory for a graduate course in modern kinematics and should be of considerable interest to researchers in mechanical design, robotics or protein kinematics or who have a broader interest in algebraic geometry and its applications.