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Electronic Money Flows: The Molding of a New Financial Order

Electronic Money Flows describes the far-reaching present changes under­ way in payments and capital markets. Electronic payment forms are in the process of molding a new financial regime-largely shared and inter­ dependent-throughout the world. Our earlier Electronic Funds Transfers and Payments (Kluwer, 1987) looked at the new money technology in its initial phases of development and in broad focus. Then, as now, the contributors came from many different disciplines. The synthesis of their diverse views laid out the background for the electronic payments revolution to come, and the great benefits but also risks for segmented sectors of society. The old questions have not gone away; new ones have been added to the agenda. For example, what is the nature of money today amidst an array of computer-based options? What money and turnover concepts are appropriate to the electronic age? What are the effects of high-speed money flows on markets, volatility, money control, even the business cycle? Is the financial system more prone to instability but also to faster correction, given the swift movement of money and payments? At the same time, is privacy imperilled by the ubiquitous computer-linked webs that move both information and money? This second book is thus companion to Electronic Funds Transfers and Payments and expands upon it. Contributors discuss the expectations that have and have not come to fruition, together withthe new issuesofthe past four years.

Electronic Mass Media in Europe. Prospects and Developments: A Report from the FAST Programme of the Commission of the European Communities

Electronic Highways For World Trade: Issues In Telecommunication And Data Services

This book explains the negotiations on an international framework for trade in services, undertaken in the Group of Negotiations on Services of the Uruguay Round, and the international discussions on transborder data flows and telecommunication regulation in a number of international fora.

Electronic Highways For World Trade: Issues In Telecommunication And Data Services

This book explains the negotiations on an international framework for trade in services, undertaken in the Group of Negotiations on Services of the Uruguay Round, and the international discussions on transborder data flows and telecommunication regulation in a number of international fora.

Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective: 11th International Conference, EGOVIS 2022, Vienna, Austria, August 22–24, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13429)

This volume LNCS 12429 constitutes the papers of the 11th International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, EGOVIS 20221, held in Vienna, Austria, in August 2022. The 11 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 16 submissions and focus on information systems and ICT aspects of e-government. The papers are organized in 3 topical sections: e-government theoretical background; semantic technologies and legal issues;; artificial intelligence and machine learning in e-government context.

Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective: 12th International Conference, EGOVIS 2023, Penang, Malaysia, August 28–30, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14149)

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, EGOVIS 2023, which took place in Penang, Malaysia, during August 28-30, 2023.The 8 full papers presented together with 1 short paper were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 17 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: e-Government; strategy; artificial intelligence.

Electronic Government: First International Conference, EGOV 2002, Aix-en-Provence, France, September 2-5, 2002. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #2456)

In defining the state of the art of E-Government, EGOV 2002 was aimed at breaking new ground in the development of innovative solutions in this impor­ tant field of the emerging Information Society. To promote this aim, the EGOV conference brought together professionals from all over the globe. In order to obtain a rich picture of the state of the art, the subject matter was dealt with in various ways: drawing experiences from case studies, investigating the outcome from projects, and discussing frameworks and guidelines. The large number of contributions and their breadth testify to a particularly vivid discussion, in which many new and fascinating strands are only beginning to emerge. This begs the question where we are heading in the field of E-Government. It is the intention of the introduction provided by the editors to concentrate the wealth of expertise presented into some statements about the future development of E-Government.

Electronic Elections: The Perils and Promises of Digital Democracy

Since the 2000 presidential election, the United States has been embroiled in debates about electronic voting. Critics say the new technologies invite tampering and fraud. Advocates say they enhance the accuracy of vote counts and make casting ballots easier--and ultimately foster greater political participation. Electronic Elections cuts through the media spin to assess the advantages and risks associated with different ways of casting ballots--and shows how e-voting can be the future of American democracy. Elections by nature are fraught with risk. Michael Alvarez and Thad Hall fully examine the range of past methods and the new technologies that have been created to try to minimize risk and accurately reflect the will of voters. Drawing upon a wealth of new data on how different kinds of electronic voting machines have performed in recent elections nationwide, they evaluate the security issues that have been the subject of so much media attention, and examine the impacts the new computer-based solutions is having on voter participation. Alvarez and Hall explain why the benefits of e-voting can outweigh the challenges, and they argue that media coverage of the new technologies has emphasized their problems while virtually ignoring their enormous potential for empowering more citizens to vote. The authors also offer ways to improve voting technologies and to develop more effective means of implementing and evaluating these systems. Electronic Elections makes a case for how e-voting can work in the United States, showing why making it work right is essential to the future vibrancy of the democratic process.

Electronic Elections: The Perils and Promises of Digital Democracy

Since the 2000 presidential election, the United States has been embroiled in debates about electronic voting. Critics say the new technologies invite tampering and fraud. Advocates say they enhance the accuracy of vote counts and make casting ballots easier--and ultimately foster greater political participation. Electronic Elections cuts through the media spin to assess the advantages and risks associated with different ways of casting ballots--and shows how e-voting can be the future of American democracy. Elections by nature are fraught with risk. Michael Alvarez and Thad Hall fully examine the range of past methods and the new technologies that have been created to try to minimize risk and accurately reflect the will of voters. Drawing upon a wealth of new data on how different kinds of electronic voting machines have performed in recent elections nationwide, they evaluate the security issues that have been the subject of so much media attention, and examine the impacts the new computer-based solutions is having on voter participation. Alvarez and Hall explain why the benefits of e-voting can outweigh the challenges, and they argue that media coverage of the new technologies has emphasized their problems while virtually ignoring their enormous potential for empowering more citizens to vote. The authors also offer ways to improve voting technologies and to develop more effective means of implementing and evaluating these systems. Electronic Elections makes a case for how e-voting can work in the United States, showing why making it work right is essential to the future vibrancy of the democratic process.

Electronic Democracy in Europe: Prospects and Challenges of E-Publics, E-Participation and E-Voting

This edited book is the first of its kind to systematically address the intersection of e-democracy and European politics. It contributes to an improved understanding of the role that new media technologies play in European politics and the potential impact that Internet-based political participation processes may have on modern-day representative democracy in Europe. A unique, holistic approach is taken to examine e-democracy’s current state and prospects in Europe from three, partially overlapping and interlocking perspectives: e-public, e-participation and e-voting. The authors provide both theory-inspired reflections on e-democracy’s contribution to the formation of the European public sphere, as well as rich empirical analyses of contemporary e-participation phenomena such as the European Citizens’ Initiative or e-voting practices in Estonia. Based on the presented findings, the concluding chapter combines a prospective outlook with recommendations for future paths towards meaningful integration of e-democracy in European politics and governance.

Electronic Byways: State Policies For Rural Development Through Telecommunications

Offers an instructive look at the role modern telecommunications infrastructures play in promoting vibrant rural economies. The authors provide prescriptive policy recommendations for everyone concerned with rural economic development, from state and rural policymakers to telecommunications industry executives.

Electronic Byways: State Policies For Rural Development Through Telecommunications

Offers an instructive look at the role modern telecommunications infrastructures play in promoting vibrant rural economies. The authors provide prescriptive policy recommendations for everyone concerned with rural economic development, from state and rural policymakers to telecommunications industry executives.

Electrochemistry: A Reformulation of the Basic Principles (Lecture Notes in Chemistry #17)

In this book a presentation of a phenomenological theory of elec­ trochemistry is given. More precisely, it should be stated that only one part of the whole field of electrochemistry is developed. It is the purpose of this treatment to describe the interconnection between the electric current in a composite thermodynamic system and the rate of production of a certain substance on the one side, the rate of deple­ tion of another substance on the other side, and the work per unit time which has to be delivered to or is supplied by the system. The last part of this programme leads to the computation of the electric potential or the electromotive force of a typical arrangement called a galvanic cell. It will only be the electric current~ which is considered, not the change of the electric current per unit time, i.e. d~/P{t • The vari­ ation of Jz with time would have to be the subject of the second part of this new treatment of electrochemistry.

Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car (Transport and Sustainability #15)

Transport is responsible for a growing share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, emerging as an economic sector for which technical solutions have shown limited benefits and a shift to electric mobility is seen as an essential part of tackling both problems. However, despite electric motive power being older technology than internal combustion engines and having many advantages, both inherent disadvantages and the inertia of not being the dominant road transport technology mean that it is only recently that electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted serious policy attention. Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car examines the basis of this electric mobility ‘turn’, considering the drivers, barriers to adoption and the current lived experience of EV use, drawing upon this experience to inform planning for mass EV adoption and how regulation might change to reflect the specific needs and challenges raised. Considering future transport policy, practice, and management where EVs become an important part of the road transport fleet, and, it is assumed, eventually come to dominate it, chapters study how EV and Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) technologies relate, and whether there are synergies with shared mobility. The Transport and Sustainability series addresses the important nexus between transport and sustainability containing volumes dealing with a wide range of issues relating to transport, its impact in economic, social, and environmental spheres, and its interaction with other policy sectors.

Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car (Transport and Sustainability #15)

Transport is responsible for a growing share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, emerging as an economic sector for which technical solutions have shown limited benefits and a shift to electric mobility is seen as an essential part of tackling both problems. However, despite electric motive power being older technology than internal combustion engines and having many advantages, both inherent disadvantages and the inertia of not being the dominant road transport technology mean that it is only recently that electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted serious policy attention. Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car examines the basis of this electric mobility ‘turn’, considering the drivers, barriers to adoption and the current lived experience of EV use, drawing upon this experience to inform planning for mass EV adoption and how regulation might change to reflect the specific needs and challenges raised. Considering future transport policy, practice, and management where EVs become an important part of the road transport fleet, and, it is assumed, eventually come to dominate it, chapters study how EV and Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) technologies relate, and whether there are synergies with shared mobility. The Transport and Sustainability series addresses the important nexus between transport and sustainability containing volumes dealing with a wide range of issues relating to transport, its impact in economic, social, and environmental spheres, and its interaction with other policy sectors.

Electrifying India: Regional Political Economies of Development

Throughout the 20th century, electricity was considered to be the primary vehicle of modernity, as well as its quintessential symbol. In India, electrification was central to how early nationalists and planners conceptualized Indian development, and huge sums were spent on the project from then until now. Yet despite all this, sixty-five years after independence nearly 400 million Indians have no access to electricity. Electrifying India explores the political and historical puzzle of uneven development in India's vital electricity sector. In some states, nearly all citizens have access to electricity, while in others fewer than half of households have reliable electricity. To help explain this variation, this book offers both a regional and a historical perspective on the politics of electrification of India as it unfolded in New Delhi and three Indian states: Maharashtra, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. In those parts of the countryside that were successfully electrified in the decades after independence, the gains were due to neither nationalist idealism nor merely technocratic plans, but rather to the rising political influence and pressure of rural constituencies. In looking at variation in how public utilities expanded over a long period of time, this book argues that the earlier period of an advancing state apparatus from the 1950s to the 1980s conditioned in important ways the manner of the state's retreat during market reforms from the 1990s onward.

Electricity-sector Reforms in the MENA Region: Evaluation and Prospects (Perspectives on Development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region)

This book uses electricity-sector reforms to question some of the preconceived ideas concerning the MENA region and to provide a broader analysis of related political economy issues. It presents potential further developments of MENA’s electricity-sector reforms, taking into consideration the region’s unique constraints and opportunities, and discusses the practical limits of reform and deregulation. Specifically, it examines the relationship between reforms and oil prices from a new perspective and presents alternatives to the Single Buyer Model. Complementing existing research on electricity-sector reforms in other emerging markets, the book provides a new analytical framework for assessing reforms that can be easily applied to other markets and sectors.

Electricity Market Reforms: Economics and Policy Challenges

With the global demand for energy skyrocketing, over the past twenty years many countries have restructured their electric power industries, typically moving from a regulated monopoly to a competitive market structure. The results of these reforms vary significantly from country to country depending on the market organization model and national conditions. This book examines the restructuring in both developed and developing nations, with particular focus on the United States, Great Britain, China, and Russia, and addresses the problems arising from these transitions. The book also contains a comprehensive analysis of different electricity market models and their compatibility with the properties of electric power systems and country conditions. As the most thorough and up to date analysis of the theory and practical experience of electricity deregulation, this book is a must-read for academics, students and researchers with an interest in electric power industry restructuring. It also has direct relevance for engineers, regulators and other decision makers in companies and governmental agencies concerned with energy issues.

Electricity and Energy Transition in Nigeria (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)

Electricity and Energy Transition in Nigeria provides readers with a detailed account of the dynamics of energy infrastructure change in Nigeria’s electricity sector. The book starts by introducing the basic theories underpinning the politics of energy infrastructure supply and goes on to explore the historical dimensions of the Nigerian energy transition by highlighting the influences and drivers of energy systems change. Edomah also examines the political dynamics at play, highlighting the political actors and institutions that shape energy supply, as well as the impact of consumer politics. The book concludes by considering how all these factors may influence the future of energy in Nigeria. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy transitions, energy technology and infrastructure, and African Studies more generally.

Electricity and Energy Transition in Nigeria (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)

Electricity and Energy Transition in Nigeria provides readers with a detailed account of the dynamics of energy infrastructure change in Nigeria’s electricity sector. The book starts by introducing the basic theories underpinning the politics of energy infrastructure supply and goes on to explore the historical dimensions of the Nigerian energy transition by highlighting the influences and drivers of energy systems change. Edomah also examines the political dynamics at play, highlighting the political actors and institutions that shape energy supply, as well as the impact of consumer politics. The book concludes by considering how all these factors may influence the future of energy in Nigeria. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy transitions, energy technology and infrastructure, and African Studies more generally.

Electricity Access, Decarbonization, and Integration of Renewables: Insights and Lessons from the Energy Transformation in Bangladesh, South Asia, and Sub-Sahara Africa (Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection)

This Open-Access-Book covers different aspects of the low-carbon energy transformation in a unique manner, with a particular focus on two regions, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The first part of the book provides useful insights on changes and reforms in the energy sector of Bangladesh, while the second part illustrates the low-carbon energy transformation in South Asia and the third part covers lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa. In all of these regions, the energy sector is undergoing major changes, driven by the four D’s: Decarbonization, decentralization, digitization, and democratization. Major overhauls are taking place at all levels: The country level, where energy mixes are rapidly changing, the corporate level, where large state-owned and private companies are challenged and new actors are emerging, and the local level, where technical and regulatory change has made citizen engagement and community power an option to replace or at least complement centralized supply structures.

Electricity Access and Community Welfare in Indonesia (SpringerBriefs in Energy)

This book represents a synthesis of research findings on energy in remote rural areas in East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia, demarcating a localised understanding of electricity issues that are relevant to similar community profiles in other developing countries, which are facing similar challenges. The authors discuss several key issues relating to electricity access in the Indonesian context, such as government energy expenditure and policies for geothermal development. The book also presents empirical estimates of the social effects of electricity access. In focusing on an underdeveloped area in eastern Indonesia affected by innumerable problems relating to poverty, the book contributes to related discussions on the first Sustainable Development Goal in proposing possibilities for poverty reduction vis-à-vis improved energy infrastructure. It demonstrates the impact of electricity access on people's welfare. Co-published with the Indonesia Institute of Science (LIPI), this updated edition is a valuable reference for policymakers and scholars interested in the electricity sector in Indonesia and rural areas in developing countries elsewhere. It appeals to specialists researching and working in the energy sector and is also interested in scholars and practitioners focused on sustainable development and Indonesian policymaking more broadly.

The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Office: A Unified Approach to Senate and House Elections

Voters simultaneously choose among candidates running for different offices, with different terms, and occupying different places in the Constitutional order. Conventional wisdom holds that these overlapping institutional differences make comparative electoral research difficult, if not impossible. Paul Gronke's path-breaking study compares electoral contexts, campaigns, and voter decision-making in House and Senate elections. Gronke's book offers new insights into how differences--and similarities--across offices structure American elections. Congressional elections research holds that Senate races are more competitive than House contests because states are more heterogeneous, or because candidates are more prominent and raise more money, or because voters have fundamentally different expectations. Because House and Senate contests are seldom compared, we have little empirical evidence to test the various hypotheses about how voters make choices for different offices. Gronke finds that the similarities between House and Senate elections are much greater than previously thought and that voters make their decisions in both races on the same bases. Gronke first looks at differences in congressional districts and states, showing that context does not really help us understand why Senate elections feature better candidates, higher spending, and closer outcomes. Next, he turns to campaigns. Surprisingly, over a turbulent twenty-year period, House and Senate candidacies have retained the same competitive dynamics. Gronke also considers voting behavior in House and Senate elections. Focusing on the 1988 and 1990 elections, he argues that voters do not distinguish between institutions, applying fundamentally the same decision rule, regardless of the office being contested. Gronke closes by considering the implications of his results for the way we relate settings, electoral dynamics, and institutional arrangements. This book will appeal to those interested in Congress, political campaigning, and voting. Paul Gronke is Associate Professor of Political Science at Reed College.

Electoral Violence in the Western Balkans: From Voting to Fighting and Back (Southeast European Studies)

Since the end of the Cold War there have been a number of cases where the democratization process has been turbulent, or even violent. Addressing electoral violence, its evolution and impact in the Western Balkans, this book explores the conflict logic of election and tries to understand its basic patterns. Two decades of electoral competition in the region are analysed to identify an interesting evolution of electoral violence in terms of forms, actors, motivations and dynamics. By identifying the potential drivers of electoral violence and explaining the escalation and stimulus of violence-related events, the author combines a theoretical approach with original data to emphasise the variability of the phenomenon and its evolution in the region. The book will appeal to students and scholars of post-communist Europe and democratisation processes and the Western Balkans in particular. It should also be of interest to political advisors and those involved in developing or implementing democratisation programmes.

Electoral Violence in the Western Balkans: From Voting to Fighting and Back (Southeast European Studies)

Since the end of the Cold War there have been a number of cases where the democratization process has been turbulent, or even violent. Addressing electoral violence, its evolution and impact in the Western Balkans, this book explores the conflict logic of election and tries to understand its basic patterns. Two decades of electoral competition in the region are analysed to identify an interesting evolution of electoral violence in terms of forms, actors, motivations and dynamics. By identifying the potential drivers of electoral violence and explaining the escalation and stimulus of violence-related events, the author combines a theoretical approach with original data to emphasise the variability of the phenomenon and its evolution in the region. The book will appeal to students and scholars of post-communist Europe and democratisation processes and the Western Balkans in particular. It should also be of interest to political advisors and those involved in developing or implementing democratisation programmes.