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Civilian Oversight of Police: Advancing Accountability in Law Enforcement (Advances in Police Theory and Practice)
by Tim Prenzler Garth Den HeyerExploring the complex and controversial topic of civilian oversight of police, this book analyzes the issues and debates entailed by civilian oversight by using worldwide perspectives, in-depth case studies, and a wealth of survey data. It integrates and summarizes decades of research from many locations around the globe to present a best practices model for managing police conduct. It also describes the impact of oversight agencies on police policy, including innovative means by which agencies can work with police departments to improve police conduct.
Connected Medical Devices: Integrating Patient Care Data in Healthcare Systems (HIMSS Book Series)
by John ZaleskiThis book explores how medical device integration (MDI) supports quality patient care and better clinical outcomes by reducing clinical documentation transcription errors, improving data accuracy and density within clinical records and ensuring the complete capture of medical device information on patients. It begins with a comprehensive overview of the types of medical devices in use and the ways in which those devices interact, then examines factors such as interoperability standards, patient identification, clinical alerts and regulatory and security considerations.
Women in the Criminal Justice System: Tracking the Journey of Females and Crime
by Catherine D. Marcum Tina L. FreiburgerThis book provides a rare up-to-date examination of women both as offenders and employees in the criminal justice system. It presents the current state of females in the system through contributions by expert authors. It discusses the criminal justice system‘s reaction to women, as well as the successes and failures of its responses and current and future consequences. It outlines the history of women in the context of the criminal justice system, discusses specific women‘s issues in focused chapters, and highlights key concepts, statistics, and legislation. Each chapter ends with discussion questions to enhance understanding.
Applied Engineering Failure Analysis: Theory and Practice
by Xin Wang Hock-Chye Qua Ching-Seong Tan Kok-Cheong Wong Jee-Hou Ho Eng-Hwa Yap Jong-Boon Ooi Yee-Shiuan WongThis book fills the gap between failure analysis theory and the actual conducts of the failure cases. The book demonstrates the main methodologies that have evolved over time and includes examples from the 1970s to date. Engineering calculations and estimation of system stresses and strengths are given in the relevant chapters. It presents a wide range of cases studies, ranging from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, mining, civil/structural engineering, electrical power systems, and radiation damage.
Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices (Engineering Materials)
by Basudev PradhanThis book delves into the practical applications of perovskite materials in optoelectronics, covering solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, neuromorphic devices, lasers, and X-ray detectors in various forms including bulk, two-dimensional (2D), and zero-dimensional (0D). It addresses the pressing need for scalable fabrication processes, performance optimization, and stability concerns associated with perovskite-based devices. With a detailed examination of fundamental properties and challenges, this book serves as a comprehensive guide for scientists, technologists, and engineers involved in developing and optimizing perovskite-based optoelectronic devices for commercialization. Furthermore, it fills a significant gap in the literature by providing in-depth coverage of perovskite solar cells and other emerging optoelectronic technologies, making it an essential resource for researchers and practitioners in materials and device physics.
ROS Signaling in Plants: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2798)
by Francisco J. Corpas José M. PalmaThis detailed volume presents methodologies for studying reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in plant cells, including techniques for detecting different types of ROS such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide or singlet oxygen, as well as ROS generating systems such as xanthine oxidoreductase. The book provides alternatives to determine malondialdehyde, electrochemical detection approaches for determining total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as enzymatic antioxidants, as well as methods for studying non-enzymatic antioxidants and some components of the secondary metabolism. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, the chapters in this book provide the kind of detailed implementation advice that leads to ideal results in the laboratory. Authoritative and practical, ROS Signaling in Plants: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for scientists interested in the metabolism of ROS in plant cells.
Understanding Violence: The Intertwining of Morality, Religion, Capitalism and Violence: A Philosophical Stance (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #69)
by Lorenzo MagnaniThis book offers a philosophical account of violence, engaged with both empirical and theoretical debates in disciplines such as cognitive science, sociology, psychiatry, anthropology, political theory, evolutionary biology, and theology. The primary thesis is that violence is intertwined with morality and typically enacted for “moral” reasons. To show this, the book compellingly demonstrates how morality operates to trigger and justify violence and how people, in their violent behaviors, can engage and disengage with discrete moralities. The author’s fundamental account of language, and in particular its normative aspects, is particularly insightful as regards extending the range of what is to be understood as violence beyond the domain of physical harm. By employing concepts such as “coalition enforcement”, “moral bubbles”, “cognitive niches”, “overmoralization”, and “military intelligence”, the book aims to spell out how perpetrators and victims of violence systematically disagree about the very nature of violence. The author’s original claim is that disagreement can be understood naturalistically, described by an account of morality informed by evolutionary perspectives as well. This book helps us come to terms with the fact that we are intrinsically “violent beings”. To acknowledge this condition, and our stupefying capacity to inflict harm, is a responsibility we must face up to: such understanding could ultimately be of help in order to achieve a safer ownership of our destinies, by individuating and reinforcing those cognitive firewalls that would prevent violence from always escalating and overflowing. This second edition is thoroughly revised and integrated with two new chapters to cover new aspects of violence and its understanding, such as the role of looting finance in facilitating violent outcomes and the attack to scientific cognition and human creativity.
Understanding Atmospheric Rivers Using Machine Learning (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Manish Kumar Goyal Shivam SinghThis book delves into the characterization, impacts, drivers, and predictability of atmospheric rivers (AR). It begins with the historical background and mechanisms governing AR formation, giving insights into the global and regional perspectives of ARs, observing their varying manifestations across different geographical contexts. The book explores the key characteristics of ARs, from their frequency and duration to intensity, unraveling the intricate relationship between atmospheric rivers and precipitation. The book also focus on the intersection of ARs with large-scale climate oscillations, such as El Niño and La Niña events, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The chapters help understand how these climate phenomena influence AR behavior, offering a nuanced perspective on climate modeling and prediction. The book also covers artificial intelligence (AI) applications, from pattern recognition to prediction modeling and early warning systems. A case study on AR prediction using deep learning models exemplifies the practical applications of AI in this domain. The book culminates by underscoring the interdisciplinary nature of AR research and the synergy between atmospheric science, climatology, and artificial intelligence
Novel Aspects of Diamond II: Science and Technology (Topics in Applied Physics #149)
by Nianjun Yang Soumen MandalThis edited book covers a wide range of novel scientific and engineering aspects of diamond films produced from chemical vapor deposition. It focuses on the most recent developments and achievements in this rapidly growing field from scientists and engineers across the domains of chemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and semiconductor engineering.The latest volume of this consistently well-cited book brings an updated, systematic review of the latest developments in diamond research and application. Featuring contributed chapters from a mix of highly-active international researchers, this new edition presents recent research focusing on topics such as diamond for thermal management in high-power electronics, diamond MOSFETs, water treatment, application of machine learning for nanodiamonds, theoretical aspects of diamond growth, current trends in emerging diamond technologies, and the growth of doped single-crystal diamond. This book is especially appealing to interdisciplinary researchers and industry professionals working on advanced diamond devices and applications, as well as theoretical and computational methods for predicting and designing new diamond materials.
Sewage and Biomass from Wastewater to Energy: Possibilities and Technology
by Inamuddin Mohammad Luqman Tariq Altalhi Joseph KapukuWritten and edited by a team of industry experts, this exciting new volume covers clean energy production from sewage and biomass while achieving a zero-waste strategy. Wastewater treatment plants are critical in protecting both the environment’s resources and human health. A wastewater treatment plant’s technological system focuses not only on the effectiveness of the treatment but on the costs and energy consumption of the entire system. Municipal wastewater treatment produces a significant amount of sewage sludge all over the world. The majority of this sludge’s dry matter content is made up of organic compounds which are not toxic, and they consist of both primary and secondary (microbiological) sludge. There is also a substantial quantity of inorganic substances in the sludge, along with a small quantity of toxic matter. Also, various raw sewage treatment options can include energy production (heat, electricity, or biofuel) to reduce dependence on external energy supply during treatment. The most important options used for energy production from sewage and biomass can use the following approaches: anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, incineration with energy recovery, co-incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, supercritical (wet) oxidation, and hydrolysis. Generally, these processes or methods are cost-effective, but they can still have some setbacks related to the nature of the methods or the raw material used for conversion. There are also operating conditions to comply with to get a successful outcome. This book combines information from many disciplines related to wastewater treatment technologies to show how the circular economy approach can be used to achieve zero waste and produce energy that can be useful for plants and communities. This approach focuses on clean technologies for green energy resources such as biohydrogen, biofuels, and biogas from biomass and sewage sludge for zero waste production. This is aimed to also integrate the issue of energy demand and the one of energy production.
Exploring Computational Pharmaceutics: AI and Modeling in Pharma 4.0 (Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology)
by Defang OuyangProvides an extensive and up-to-date overview of the theory and application of computational pharmaceutics in the drug development process Exploring Computational Pharmaceutics - AI and Modeling in Pharma 4.0 introduces a variety of current and emerging computational techniques for pharmaceutical research. Bringing together experts from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies, this edited volume also explores the current state, key challenges, and future outlook of computational pharmaceutics while encouraging development across all sectors of the field. Throughout the text, the authors discuss a wide range of essential topics, from molecular modeling and process simulation to intelligent manufacturing and quantitative pharmacology. Building upon Exploring Computational Pharmaceutics - AI and Modeling in Pharma 4.0, this new edition provides a multi-scale perspective that reveals the physical, chemical, mathematical, and data-driven details of pre-formulation, formulation, process, and clinical studies, in addition to in vivo prediction in the human body and precision medicine in clinical settings. Detailed chapters address both conventional dosage forms and the application of computational technologies in advanced pharmaceutical research, such as dendrimer-based delivery systems, liposome and lipid membrane research, and inorganic nanoparticles. A major contribution to the development and promotion of computational pharmaceutics, this important resource: Discusses the development track, achievements, and prospects of computational pharmaceutics Presents multidisciplinary research to help physicists, chemists, mathematicians, and computer scientists locate problems in the field of drug delivery Covers a wide range of technologies, including complex formulations for water-insoluble drugs, protein/peptide formulations, nanomedicine, and gene delivery systems Focuses on the application of cutting-edge computational technologies and intelligent manufacturing of emerging pharmaceutical technologies Includes a systematic overview of computational pharmaceutics and Pharma 4.0 to assist non-specialist readers Covering introductory, advanced, and specialist topics, Exploring Computational Pharmaceutics - AI and Modeling in Pharma 4.0 is an invaluable resource for computational chemists, computational analysts, pharmaceutical chemists, process engineers, process managers, and pharmacologists, as well as computer scientists, medicinal chemists, clinical pharmacists, material scientists, and nanotechnology specialists working in the field.
Solar Energy Concentrators
by Inamuddin Mohammad Luqman Tariq AltalhiDiscover the latest techniques and applications for solar energy concentrators in this essential guide for academics, researchers, environmentalists, and professionals seeking to harness the power of solar energy while reducing environmental impact and costs. This book is centered on contemporary fundamental techniques for collecting solar radiation and the prospective applications that show how solar energy concentrators (SEC) can be used in a variety of systems and may provide significant economic and environmental benefits. Around the globe, there is a tremendous drive to investigate the viability of utilizing solar energy, particularly in regions with temperate zones. The usage of solar energy in many sectors has grown over the years. The ongoing quest for an alternate energy source in response to the apparent depletion of fossil resources is the driving factor behind this transition. Fossil fuels are far more widely used now than ever before despite their rising price. Although all forms of renewable energy are accessible, solar radiation is the most prevalent and easily accessible. Using solar energy for higher processing temperatures is difficult despite being the most common clean and affordable renewable energy source on the planet. For this, solar energy concentrators (SEC) are a promising technology that could be used to harness both heat and electricity for diversified industrial operations. SECs are devices that harvest solar radiation and direct it to a single point of concentration. This book presents the most up-to-date fundamental strategies for the collection of the sun’s radiation. Moreover, SEC technical summaries are also evaluated concerning ongoing international assignments. Prominent applications are also featured to show the reader the scope of the SEC’s applicability. The potential implementations demonstrate that CSE can be employed in a wide range of systems and may offer considerable economic and environmental advantages.
Thermoforming: Processing and Technology
by Muralisrinivasan Natamai SubramanianThis book is a comprehensive reference manual that contains essential information on thermoforming processing and technology. The field of thermoforming is experiencing rapid development driven by commercial factors; millions of tons of polymers are manufactured for use in various applications, both as commodity and specialty polymers. Building on the previous edition published about ten years ago, this edition includes new, as well as, fully revised chapters and updated information on materials and processes. The book is designed to provide practitioners with essential information on processing and technology in a concise manner. The book caters to both engineers and experts by providing introductory aspects, background information, and an overview of thermoforming processing and technology. The troubleshooting section includes flowcharts to assist in correcting thermoforming processes. >em>Thermoforming: Processing and Technology offers a complete account of thermoplastics, covering properties and forming, with chapters providing perspective on the technologies involved. Readers will find it: serves as a handy knowledge source for professionals who occasionally work on thermoforming projects or need to refresh their knowledge; offers a troubleshooting guide that can help to identify and solve challenges that may arise in thermoforming processes; provides insights into process optimization, helping businesses improve efficiency, reduce waste, and enhance the quality of thermoformed products; acts as a course book to inform students about the thermoforming process. Audience The book will be of interest to mechanical, materials engineers, and process engineers who are involved in designing and optimizing thermoforming processes; professionals in the manufacturing and production industries who use thermoforming as a manufacturing method, such as in the production of plastic packaging, automotive components, and consumer goods; scientists, researchers, and students in plastics/polymer engineering and technology, materials science, polymer technology; professionals responsible for ensuring product quality and compliance with industry standards.
Industrial Steam Systems: Fundamentals and Best Design Practices
by Mojtaba SabetThis clear, easy-to-follow handbook is a useful resource for engineers, architects, and plant operators. A one-stop reference for beginners and advanced readers alike, it describes industrial steam systems design and operation in simple steps. The book explains the system fundamentals, system setup, and required equipment, building, mechanical, and other code requirements, and details the execution of a sample project. It also explains the equipment operation principle and describes best design practices for system setup, piping and instrumentation, equipment sizing, pipe sizing, and equipment selection.
Intellectual Property in Academia: A Practical Guide for Scientists and Engineers
by Nadya ReingandThis book provides a practical understanding of intellectual property basics relevant in an academic environment. It describes the process of performing a comprehensive prior art search, determining business value, filing for a patent, licensing to companies, and using follow-up patents to create a valuable portfolio. The text also covers starting a new business and recent changes in patent application procedures. A special chapter addresses issues in copyright law relevant to academics, such as determining what is copyrightable in reporting an industry-sponsored project.
Thermostable Proteins: Structural Stability and Design
by Lennart Nilsson Srikanta SenThis book covers the basic structural, thermodynamic and kinetic principles are covered and molecular strategies for the adaptation to high temperatures revealed by structure analysis are delineated. The roles of fluctuations, hydration and internal packing are thoroughly dicussed. Enzymes with a particular industrial importance, the subtilisin-like serine proteases, have been extensively studied by protein engineering. One extensive chapter is devoted to the present state of knowledge concerning structure-function relations and the origin of the their structural stability. Last but not least, computational and experimental approaches for the design of proteins with increased thermal stability based on sequences or 3D structures are present
The Care and Feeding of an IACUC: The Organization and Management of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Second Edition
by Whitney Kayla Petrie Sonja Lea WallaceMaintaining its user-friendly approach, this new edition of a bestseller summarizes information necessary for the effective and efficient operation of an IACUC. The book covers training programs and discusses professional certifications for IACUC administrative and animal care staff. It provides pointers to principal investigators, discusses interactions between IACUCs and other compliance panels, and addresses occupational health and safety programs and the role they play in the overall animal care and use program. It also delves deeply into bioethics to explore how IACUCs can ensure that each proposal to use animals in research includes an ethical review.
Aromatherapy: Basic Mechanisms and Evidence Based Clinical Use (Clinical Pharmacognosy Series)
by Giacinto Bagetta Marco Cosentino Tsukasa SakuradaThis reference provides an up-to-date compilation of background scientific information that advocates the application of currently developed clinical studies of the effects of aromatherapy to the treatment of human diseases such as mild, stress-induced mood disorders, infectious diseases, and age-related disturbances. It presents a rational basis for clinical translations of aromatherapy for treating human diseases in need of safer or more effective therapies and discusses the need for further clinical development in areas where therapy is lacking.
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Development, Manufacturing, and Regulation, Second Edition (ISSN)
by Stanley H. NusimTo successfully bring an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) to market, many steps must be followed to ensure compliance with governmental regulations. This book is an unparalleled guide to the development, manufacturing, and regulation of the preparation and use of APIs globally. This secoond edition brings readers up-to-date with the quality control regulations for APIs that have been added or amended since the first edition. These updates help ensure that pharmaceutical professionals and drug manufacturers meet the established and required guidelines set forth by the US and international regulatory industries.
Thermostable Proteins: Structural Stability and Design
by Lennart Nilsson Srikanta SenThis book covers the basic structural, thermodynamic and kinetic principles are covered and molecular strategies for the adaptation to high temperatures revealed by structure analysis are delineated. The roles of fluctuations, hydration and internal packing are thoroughly dicussed. Enzymes with a particular industrial importance, the subtilisin-like serine proteases, have been extensively studied by protein engineering. One extensive chapter is devoted to the present state of knowledge concerning structure-function relations and the origin of the their structural stability. Last but not least, computational and experimental approaches for the design of proteins with increased thermal stability based on sequences or 3D structures are present
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Development, Manufacturing, and Regulation, Second Edition (ISSN)
by Stanley NusimTo successfully bring an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) to market, many steps must be followed to ensure compliance with governmental regulations. This book is an unparalleled guide to the development, manufacturing, and regulation of the preparation and use of APIs globally. This secoond edition brings readers up-to-date with the quality control regulations for APIs that have been added or amended since the first edition. These updates help ensure that pharmaceutical professionals and drug manufacturers meet the established and required guidelines set forth by the US and international regulatory industries.
Writing and Managing SOPs for GCP
by Susanne ProkschaThis book discusses managing SOPs for GCP from conception to retirement. It recommends approaches that have a direct impact on improving SOP and regulatory compliance. Throughout the text, the book provides a user's point of view to keep topics focused on the practical aspects of SOPs and SOP management.
Cyber-Collaborative Algorithms and Protocols: Optimizing Agricultural Robotics (Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services #15)
by Shimon Y. Nof Puwadol Oak DusadeerungsikulRevolutionizing the field of complex system optimization and management, this book introduces the innovative concept of cyber-collaborative protocols (CCP), representing a new approach to managing the complexity of interconnected systems. Departing from traditional methods, this book emphasizes collaboration, efficiency, and intelligence within cyber-physical systems (CPS), with a specific focus on precision agriculture and agricultural robotics systems (ARS). With a combination of theoretical foundations and practical applications, the book explores CCP’s unique advantages and potential to enhance system effectiveness to address real-world critical issues such as food security. This book is an essential resource for diverse audiences, including academics and students in the fields of complex systems design and management, as well as professionals and practitioners. Importantly, the book provides a forward-looking perspective on the role of engineered collaboration in complex CPS.
The Origins of the Idea of Scientific Progress: Bernard de Fontenelle and His Contemporaries (International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées #250)
by Daniel ŠpeldaThis volume offers a new interpretation of the genesis of the idea of scientific progress in early modern science and philosophy. The interpretation argues that the idea of scientific progress was not a historical category, but an epistemological one. The main thesis of the book posits that the idea of scientific progress was a methodological means of dealing with the contingency of nature. To illustrate the novelty of the idea, the individual chapters compare several features of Renaissance natural philosophy with a new regime of knowledge that included time as an inevitable factor of empirical research. The temporal regime of knowledge is illustrated by the work of Bernard de Fontenelle and his colleagues at the Académie des sciences in Paris at the end of the 17th century. The new interpretation remedies a gap in recent scholarship where the idea of scientific progress has been overlooked even though the early modern natural philosophers themselves used it to describe the nature of their research. The book places both well-known texts and less-studied documents in a new light, thus contributing to the lively and rich debate on the origins and nature of early modern science and philosophy. It is of interest to scholars studying the history of early modern philosophy and science.
Indian Metallurgy: The Platinum Years (Indian Institute of Metals Series)
by Amol A. Gokhale R. Divakar S. V. S. Narayana Murty S. SrikanthThe book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.