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Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology
by Pratibha S. Agrawal Pramod N. Belkhode Samuel Lalthazuala RokhumSustainability in Biofuel Production Technology Explore current challenges and the latest technologies in biofuel production In Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology, a team of engineers and chemists delivers a thorough and accessible exploration of the source of renewable energy biofuels poised to help conserve natural resources and limit the impact of fossil fuel use. The book offers detailed information about the challenges and trends in biodiesel production and includes contributions from leading researchers in the field of biodiesel production. Readers will explore aviation biofuels, biofuel production technologies, reactor design and safety considerations, and the modelling and simulation of biofuel production as they move through the book’s 14 chapters. The authors also analyze the performance of biofuels along with cost estimations and mathematical modeling of various process parameters. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to biofuels, including their history, generation, classification, and relevant technologies In-depth presentations of the production technologies of biofuels, including chemical and biological production processes Comprehensive explorations of the utilization of biofuels in aviation, including performance analyses and safety considerations Fulsome discussions of key issues and challenges in biofuels production pathways and the environmental effects of biofuels Perfect for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the biofuels, bioenergy, catalysis, and materials science sectors, Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology will also be suitable for members of regulatory bodies in the bioenergy sector.
Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology
by Pratibha S. Agrawal Pramod N. Belkhode Samuel Lalthazuala RokhumSustainability in Biofuel Production Technology Explore current challenges and the latest technologies in biofuel production In Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology, a team of engineers and chemists delivers a thorough and accessible exploration of the source of renewable energy biofuels poised to help conserve natural resources and limit the impact of fossil fuel use. The book offers detailed information about the challenges and trends in biodiesel production and includes contributions from leading researchers in the field of biodiesel production. Readers will explore aviation biofuels, biofuel production technologies, reactor design and safety considerations, and the modelling and simulation of biofuel production as they move through the book’s 14 chapters. The authors also analyze the performance of biofuels along with cost estimations and mathematical modeling of various process parameters. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to biofuels, including their history, generation, classification, and relevant technologies In-depth presentations of the production technologies of biofuels, including chemical and biological production processes Comprehensive explorations of the utilization of biofuels in aviation, including performance analyses and safety considerations Fulsome discussions of key issues and challenges in biofuels production pathways and the environmental effects of biofuels Perfect for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the biofuels, bioenergy, catalysis, and materials science sectors, Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology will also be suitable for members of regulatory bodies in the bioenergy sector.
Embryogeny and Phylogeny of the Human Posture 2: A New Glance at the Future of our Species
by Anne Dambricourt MalasseThe future of the human posture is in the spotlight. The 200-year-old locomotion paradigm can no longer resist the advancement of knowledge, yet 2,500 years of thinking on the place of verticalized human anatomy and its reflexive consciousness in the natural history of life and the Earth, is more relevant than ever.This book retraces these reflections from pre-Socratic philosophers, focusing on the link between verticality and the most complex and consciously reflexive nervous system on the top rung of the ladder of living beings. The origin of animated forms, or animals, was considered metaphysical until the 19th century but reflection on their inception, from fertilization, paved the way for mathematics of infinitesimal geometry and dynamics. The simian filiation was inconceivable until Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck bridged the gap in 1802 with the locomotion postulate to explain the transition from quadrupedal to bipedal posture, sustained by the hypothesis of inheritance of acquired characteristics.This doctrine was overturned in 1987 by the discovery of the embryonic origins of the straightening – specific dynamics linked to neurogenesis – confirming the natural place of human verticality and nervous system complexity with its psychomotor and cognitive consequences. Sapiens find themselves at the physical limit of the straightening while mechanisms of gametogenesis have never ceased in making neurogenesis exponentially more complex. Is the future exclusively terrestrial or does intrauterine hominization open up new perspectives for space exploration? Posturologists, occlusodontics, osteopaths, cognisciences – all anthropological sciences exposed to human verticality are concerned with this discovery, which allows Sapiens to face their natural destiny.
Embryogeny and Phylogeny of the Human Posture 2: A New Glance at the Future of our Species
by Anne Dambricourt MalasseThe future of the human posture is in the spotlight. The 200-year-old locomotion paradigm can no longer resist the advancement of knowledge, yet 2,500 years of thinking on the place of verticalized human anatomy and its reflexive consciousness in the natural history of life and the Earth, is more relevant than ever.This book retraces these reflections from pre-Socratic philosophers, focusing on the link between verticality and the most complex and consciously reflexive nervous system on the top rung of the ladder of living beings. The origin of animated forms, or animals, was considered metaphysical until the 19th century but reflection on their inception, from fertilization, paved the way for mathematics of infinitesimal geometry and dynamics. The simian filiation was inconceivable until Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck bridged the gap in 1802 with the locomotion postulate to explain the transition from quadrupedal to bipedal posture, sustained by the hypothesis of inheritance of acquired characteristics.This doctrine was overturned in 1987 by the discovery of the embryonic origins of the straightening – specific dynamics linked to neurogenesis – confirming the natural place of human verticality and nervous system complexity with its psychomotor and cognitive consequences. Sapiens find themselves at the physical limit of the straightening while mechanisms of gametogenesis have never ceased in making neurogenesis exponentially more complex. Is the future exclusively terrestrial or does intrauterine hominization open up new perspectives for space exploration? Posturologists, occlusodontics, osteopaths, cognisciences – all anthropological sciences exposed to human verticality are concerned with this discovery, which allows Sapiens to face their natural destiny.
Cindynics, The Science of Danger: A Wake-up Call
by Guy PlanchetteThis book offers a new perspective to uncover the keys to accident and disaster avoidance. Created with a working group, it presents research and understanding on the root causes of disasters. Indeed, beyond technical failures, human beings are at the heart of organizations and, through the exchange of data and information, influential relationships inevitably emerge such as conflicts of interest and cooperation.With examples selected from multiple accidents and disasters, this book demonstrates that analyzing the causal chain that leads to an accident is not sufficient if we wish to truly understand it. The role of operational and managerial actors and the complexities they generate are also explored.Cindynics, The Science of Danger helps readers develop their ability to identify gaps, deficits, dissonances, disjunctions, degenerations and blockages, which are the real dangers in inevitably evolving activity situations. With an easily-understandable approach, this book offers new perspectives in several fields (health, crisis management and conflict resolution).
Cindynics, The Science of Danger: A Wake-up Call
by Guy PlanchetteThis book offers a new perspective to uncover the keys to accident and disaster avoidance. Created with a working group, it presents research and understanding on the root causes of disasters. Indeed, beyond technical failures, human beings are at the heart of organizations and, through the exchange of data and information, influential relationships inevitably emerge such as conflicts of interest and cooperation.With examples selected from multiple accidents and disasters, this book demonstrates that analyzing the causal chain that leads to an accident is not sufficient if we wish to truly understand it. The role of operational and managerial actors and the complexities they generate are also explored.Cindynics, The Science of Danger helps readers develop their ability to identify gaps, deficits, dissonances, disjunctions, degenerations and blockages, which are the real dangers in inevitably evolving activity situations. With an easily-understandable approach, this book offers new perspectives in several fields (health, crisis management and conflict resolution).
Photovoltaism, Agriculture and Ecology: From Agrivoltaism to Ecovoltaism
by Claude Grison Lucie Cases Martine Hossaert-McKey Mailys Le MoigneOne of the challenges of our modern society is to successfully reconcile growing energy demand, demographic and food pressure and ecological and environmental urgency.This book offers an update on a rapidly evolving subject, that of modern photovoltaic systems capable of combining the needs of energy and ecological transition. Although photovoltaic solar energy is a well-proven technical solution in terms of energy, its development can compete with agricultural land or natural sites.New solutions are emerging: the installation of photovoltaic parks on industrial wasteland; agrivoltaics, which reconcile agricultural activity and energy production on the same surface; and ecovoltaics, which make it possible to make use of the unused surfaces under solar panels by developing ecological solutions capable of providing services to nature. These innovations are part of the response to the need to preserve terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, halt the decline in animal and plant biodiversity and participate in the development of a new mode of sustainable development and green economy.
Ecological Transition in Education and Research
by Hassan Ait Haddou Dimitri Toubanos Philippe VillienThis book centers on climate change, a pressing issue in the ecological transition, particularly for landscape and architecture schools.The scientific realities and consequences of this phenomenon are becoming increasingly well-known and it is now evident that architecture, urban planning and landscaping all have the potential to mitigate these consequences.Ecological Transition in Education and Research is a multidisciplinary collective work, intended to raise awareness of adaptation and mitigation strategies such as action-research, educational innovations and concrete transition practices that embrace different schools of thought. The overall goal is to promote educational practices and research on climate change.
Ecological Transition in Education and Research
by Hassan Ait Haddou Dimitri Toubanos Philippe VillienThis book centers on climate change, a pressing issue in the ecological transition, particularly for landscape and architecture schools.The scientific realities and consequences of this phenomenon are becoming increasingly well-known and it is now evident that architecture, urban planning and landscaping all have the potential to mitigate these consequences.Ecological Transition in Education and Research is a multidisciplinary collective work, intended to raise awareness of adaptation and mitigation strategies such as action-research, educational innovations and concrete transition practices that embrace different schools of thought. The overall goal is to promote educational practices and research on climate change.
Information Organization of the Universe and Living Things: Generation of Space, Quantum and Molecular Elements, Coactive Generation of Living Organisms and Multiagent Model
by Alain CardonThe universe is considered an expansive informational field subjected to a general organizational law. The organization of the deployment results in the emergence of an autonomous organization of spatial and material elements endowed with permanence, which are generated on an informational substratum where an organizational law is exercised at all scales. The initial action of a generating informational element produces a quantity of basic informational elements that multiply to form other informational elements that will either be neutral, constituting the basic spatial elements, or active, forming quantum elements.The neutral basic elements will form the space by a continuous aggregation and will represent the substrate of the informational links, allowing the active informational elements to communicate, in order to aggregate and organize themselves.Every active element is immersed in an informational envelope, allowing it to continue its organization through constructive communications. The organizational law engages the active quantum elements to aggregate and produce new and more complex quantum elements, then molecular elements, massive elements, suns and planets. Gravity will then be the force of attraction exerted by the informational envelopes of the aggregates depending on their mass, to develop them by acquisition of new aggregates.The organizational communication of the informational envelopes of all of the physical material elements on Earth will enable the organization of living things, with reproduction managed by communications between the informational envelopes of the elements, realizing a continuous and powerful evolution.
Information Organization of the Universe and Living Things: Generation of Space, Quantum and Molecular Elements, Coactive Generation of Living Organisms and Multiagent Model
by Alain CardonThe universe is considered an expansive informational field subjected to a general organizational law. The organization of the deployment results in the emergence of an autonomous organization of spatial and material elements endowed with permanence, which are generated on an informational substratum where an organizational law is exercised at all scales. The initial action of a generating informational element produces a quantity of basic informational elements that multiply to form other informational elements that will either be neutral, constituting the basic spatial elements, or active, forming quantum elements.The neutral basic elements will form the space by a continuous aggregation and will represent the substrate of the informational links, allowing the active informational elements to communicate, in order to aggregate and organize themselves.Every active element is immersed in an informational envelope, allowing it to continue its organization through constructive communications. The organizational law engages the active quantum elements to aggregate and produce new and more complex quantum elements, then molecular elements, massive elements, suns and planets. Gravity will then be the force of attraction exerted by the informational envelopes of the aggregates depending on their mass, to develop them by acquisition of new aggregates.The organizational communication of the informational envelopes of all of the physical material elements on Earth will enable the organization of living things, with reproduction managed by communications between the informational envelopes of the elements, realizing a continuous and powerful evolution.
Analytical Techniques for the Elucidation of Protein Function
by Isao Suetake Rohit K. Sharma Hironobu HojoANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE ELUCIDATION OF PROTEIN FUNCTION An essential aid for scientists seeking alternative techniques for investigating proteins Proteins are the building blocks of living organisms, and they play an enormous range of fundamental roles in sustaining and shaping life. The critical determinant of a protein’s function is its structure, and the analysis of protein structures has therefore become a significant component of biological research. In recent years, longstanding analytical techniques such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been supplemented by a number of new methods which promise to revolutionize the study of proteins and their functions. Analytical Techniques for the Elucidation of Protein Function serves as an introduction to these techniques, which are especially crucial for analyzing intrinsically disordered regions and post-translational modifications. These have revolutionized the study of proteins in recent years, and conventional methods for analyzing protein structures are no longer sufficient to work through their ramifications. This book therefore brings greater awareness of techniques which promise to produce the very cutting edge of protein research. Analytical Techniques for the Elucidation of Protein Function readers will find: A discussion of techniques including electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, neutron scattering, Raman imaging, and more Both theoretical background and practical applications for each technique Contributions from leading international researchers into protein structure and function This practically focused text is a valuable reference for protein and peptide analysis and synthesis researchers, as well as for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in the life sciences.
Analytical Techniques for the Elucidation of Protein Function
by Isao Suetake Rohit Sharma Hironobu HojoANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE ELUCIDATION OF PROTEIN FUNCTION An essential aid for scientists seeking alternative techniques for investigating proteins Proteins are the building blocks of living organisms, and they play an enormous range of fundamental roles in sustaining and shaping life. The critical determinant of a protein’s function is its structure, and the analysis of protein structures has therefore become a significant component of biological research. In recent years, longstanding analytical techniques such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been supplemented by a number of new methods which promise to revolutionize the study of proteins and their functions. Analytical Techniques for the Elucidation of Protein Function serves as an introduction to these techniques, which are especially crucial for analyzing intrinsically disordered regions and post-translational modifications. These have revolutionized the study of proteins in recent years, and conventional methods for analyzing protein structures are no longer sufficient to work through their ramifications. This book therefore brings greater awareness of techniques which promise to produce the very cutting edge of protein research. Analytical Techniques for the Elucidation of Protein Function readers will find: A discussion of techniques including electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, neutron scattering, Raman imaging, and more Both theoretical background and practical applications for each technique Contributions from leading international researchers into protein structure and function This practically focused text is a valuable reference for protein and peptide analysis and synthesis researchers, as well as for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in the life sciences.
Foundations of Colour Science: From Colorimetry to Perception
by Alexander D. Logvinenko Vladimir L. LevinPresents the science of colour from new perspectives and outlines results obtained from the authors&’ work in the mathematical theory of colour This innovative volume summarizes existing knowledge in the field, attempting to present as much data as possible about colour, accumulated in various branches of science (physics, phychophysics, colorimetry, physiology) from a unified theoretical position. Written by a colour specialist and a professional mathematician, the book offers a new theoretical framework based on functional analysis and convex analysis. Employing these branches of mathematics, instead of more conventional linear algebra, allows them to provide the knowledge required for developing techniques to measure colour appearance to the standards adopted in colorimetric measurements. The authors describe the mathematics in a language that is understandable for colour specialists and include a detailed overview of all chapters to help readers not familiar with colour science. Divided into two parts, the book first covers various key aspects of light colour, such as colour stimulus space, colour mechanisms, colour detection and discrimination, light-colour perception typology, and light metamerism. The second part focuses on object colour, featuring detailed coverage of object-colour perception in single- and multiple-illuminant scenes, object-colour solid, colour constancy, metamer mismatching, object-colour indeterminacy and more. Throughout the book, the authors combine differential geometry and topology with the scientific principles on which colour measurement and specification are currently based and applied in industrial applications. Presents a unique compilation of the author&’s substantial contributions to colour science Offers a new approach to colour perception and measurement, developing the theoretical framework used in colorimetry Bridges the gap between colour engineering and a coherent mathematical theory of colour Outlines mathematical foundations applicable to the colour vision of humans and animals as well as technologies equipped with artificial photosensors Contains algorithms for solving various problems in colour science, such as the mathematical problem of describing metameric lights Formulates all results to be accessible to non-mathematicians and colour specialistsFoundations of Colour Science: From Colorimetry to Perception is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, industry professionals and undergraduate and graduate students with interest in a mathematical approach to the science of colour.
Foundations of Colour Science: From Colorimetry to Perception
by Alexander D. Logvinenko Vladimir L. LevinPresents the science of colour from new perspectives and outlines results obtained from the authors&’ work in the mathematical theory of colour This innovative volume summarizes existing knowledge in the field, attempting to present as much data as possible about colour, accumulated in various branches of science (physics, phychophysics, colorimetry, physiology) from a unified theoretical position. Written by a colour specialist and a professional mathematician, the book offers a new theoretical framework based on functional analysis and convex analysis. Employing these branches of mathematics, instead of more conventional linear algebra, allows them to provide the knowledge required for developing techniques to measure colour appearance to the standards adopted in colorimetric measurements. The authors describe the mathematics in a language that is understandable for colour specialists and include a detailed overview of all chapters to help readers not familiar with colour science. Divided into two parts, the book first covers various key aspects of light colour, such as colour stimulus space, colour mechanisms, colour detection and discrimination, light-colour perception typology, and light metamerism. The second part focuses on object colour, featuring detailed coverage of object-colour perception in single- and multiple-illuminant scenes, object-colour solid, colour constancy, metamer mismatching, object-colour indeterminacy and more. Throughout the book, the authors combine differential geometry and topology with the scientific principles on which colour measurement and specification are currently based and applied in industrial applications. Presents a unique compilation of the author&’s substantial contributions to colour science Offers a new approach to colour perception and measurement, developing the theoretical framework used in colorimetry Bridges the gap between colour engineering and a coherent mathematical theory of colour Outlines mathematical foundations applicable to the colour vision of humans and animals as well as technologies equipped with artificial photosensors Contains algorithms for solving various problems in colour science, such as the mathematical problem of describing metameric lights Formulates all results to be accessible to non-mathematicians and colour specialistsFoundations of Colour Science: From Colorimetry to Perception is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, industry professionals and undergraduate and graduate students with interest in a mathematical approach to the science of colour.
Control over Communication Networks: Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Networked Control Systems and Multi-Agent Systems over Imperfect Communication Channels (IEEE Press Series on Control Systems Theory and Applications)
by Jianying Zheng Liang Xu Qinglei Hu Lihua XieControl over Communication Networks Advanced and systematic examination of the design and analysis of networked control systems and multi-agent systems Control Over Communication Networks provides a systematic and nearly self-contained description of the analysis and design of networked control systems (NCSs) and multi-agent systems (MASs) over imperfect communication networks, with a primary focus on fading channels and delayed channels. The text characterizes the effect of communication channels on the stability and performance of NCSs, and further studies the joint impact of communication channels and network topology on the consensus of MASs. By integrating communication and control theory, the four highly-qualified authors present fundamental results concerning the stabilization of NCSs over power-constrained fading channels and Gaussian finite-state Markov channels, linear-quadratic optimal control of NCSs with random input gains, optimal state estimation with intermittent observations, consensus of MASs with communication delay and packet dropouts, and synchronization of delayed Vicsek models. Simulation results are given in each chapter to demonstrate the developed analysis and synthesis approaches. The references are comprehensive and up-to-date, enabling further study for readers. Topics covered in Control Over Communication Networks include: Basic foundational knowledge, including control theory, communication theory, and graph theory, to enable readers to understand more complex topics The stabilization, optimal control, and remote state estimation problems of linear systems over channels with fading, signal-to-noise constraints, or intermittent measurements Consensus problems of MASs over fading/delayed channels, with directed and undirected communication graphs Control Over Communication Networks provides a valuable unified platform for understanding the analysis and design of NCSs and MASs for researchers, control engineers working on control systems over communication networks, and mechanical engineers working on unmanned systems. Preliminary knowledge of linear system theory and matrix analysis is required.
Control over Communication Networks: Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Networked Control Systems and Multi-Agent Systems over Imperfect Communication Channels (IEEE Press Series on Control Systems Theory and Applications)
by Jianying Zheng Liang Xu Qinglei Hu Lihua XieControl over Communication Networks Advanced and systematic examination of the design and analysis of networked control systems and multi-agent systems Control Over Communication Networks provides a systematic and nearly self-contained description of the analysis and design of networked control systems (NCSs) and multi-agent systems (MASs) over imperfect communication networks, with a primary focus on fading channels and delayed channels. The text characterizes the effect of communication channels on the stability and performance of NCSs, and further studies the joint impact of communication channels and network topology on the consensus of MASs. By integrating communication and control theory, the four highly-qualified authors present fundamental results concerning the stabilization of NCSs over power-constrained fading channels and Gaussian finite-state Markov channels, linear-quadratic optimal control of NCSs with random input gains, optimal state estimation with intermittent observations, consensus of MASs with communication delay and packet dropouts, and synchronization of delayed Vicsek models. Simulation results are given in each chapter to demonstrate the developed analysis and synthesis approaches. The references are comprehensive and up-to-date, enabling further study for readers. Topics covered in Control Over Communication Networks include: Basic foundational knowledge, including control theory, communication theory, and graph theory, to enable readers to understand more complex topics The stabilization, optimal control, and remote state estimation problems of linear systems over channels with fading, signal-to-noise constraints, or intermittent measurements Consensus problems of MASs over fading/delayed channels, with directed and undirected communication graphs Control Over Communication Networks provides a valuable unified platform for understanding the analysis and design of NCSs and MASs for researchers, control engineers working on control systems over communication networks, and mechanical engineers working on unmanned systems. Preliminary knowledge of linear system theory and matrix analysis is required.
A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry
by James N. JensenA Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry Enables civil and environmental engineers to understand the theory and application of aquatic equilibrium chemistry The second edition of A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry provides a detailed introduction to aquatic equilibrium chemistry, calculation methods for systems at equilibrium, applications of aquatic chemistry, and chemical kinetics. The text directly addresses two required ABET program outcomes in environmental engineering: “… chemistry (including stoichiometry, equilibrium, and kinetics)” and “material and energy balances, fate and transport of substances in and between air, water, and soil phases.” The book is very student-centered, with each chapter beginning with an introduction and ending with a summary that reviews the chapter’s main points. To aid in reader comprehension, important terms are defined in context and key ideas are summarized. Many thought-provoking discussion questions, worked examples, and end of chapter problems are also included. Each part of the text begins with a case study, a portion of which is addressed in each subsequent chapter, illustrating the principles of that chapter. In addition, each chapter has an Historical Note exploring connections with the people and cultures connected to topics in the text. A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry includes: Fundamental concepts, such as concentration units, thermodynamic basis of equilibrium, and manipulating equilibria Solutions of chemical equilibrium problems, including setting up the problems and algebraic, graphical, and computer solution techniques Acid–base equilibria, including the concepts of acids and bases, titrations, and alkalinity and acidity Complexation, including metals, ligands, equilibrium calculations with complexes, and applications of complexation chemistry Oxidation-reduction equilibria, including equilibrium calculations, graphical approaches, and applications Gas–liquid and solid–liquid equilibrium, with expanded coverage of the effects of global climate change Other topics, including chemical kinetics of aquatic systems, surface chemistry, and integrative case studies For advanced/senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students in environmental engineering courses, A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry serves as an invaluable learning resource on the topic, with a variety of helpful learning elements included throughout to ensure information retention and the ability to apply covered concepts in practical settings.
A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry
by James N. JensenA Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry Enables civil and environmental engineers to understand the theory and application of aquatic equilibrium chemistry The second edition of A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry provides a detailed introduction to aquatic equilibrium chemistry, calculation methods for systems at equilibrium, applications of aquatic chemistry, and chemical kinetics. The text directly addresses two required ABET program outcomes in environmental engineering: “… chemistry (including stoichiometry, equilibrium, and kinetics)” and “material and energy balances, fate and transport of substances in and between air, water, and soil phases.” The book is very student-centered, with each chapter beginning with an introduction and ending with a summary that reviews the chapter’s main points. To aid in reader comprehension, important terms are defined in context and key ideas are summarized. Many thought-provoking discussion questions, worked examples, and end of chapter problems are also included. Each part of the text begins with a case study, a portion of which is addressed in each subsequent chapter, illustrating the principles of that chapter. In addition, each chapter has an Historical Note exploring connections with the people and cultures connected to topics in the text. A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry includes: Fundamental concepts, such as concentration units, thermodynamic basis of equilibrium, and manipulating equilibria Solutions of chemical equilibrium problems, including setting up the problems and algebraic, graphical, and computer solution techniques Acid–base equilibria, including the concepts of acids and bases, titrations, and alkalinity and acidity Complexation, including metals, ligands, equilibrium calculations with complexes, and applications of complexation chemistry Oxidation-reduction equilibria, including equilibrium calculations, graphical approaches, and applications Gas–liquid and solid–liquid equilibrium, with expanded coverage of the effects of global climate change Other topics, including chemical kinetics of aquatic systems, surface chemistry, and integrative case studies For advanced/senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students in environmental engineering courses, A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry serves as an invaluable learning resource on the topic, with a variety of helpful learning elements included throughout to ensure information retention and the ability to apply covered concepts in practical settings.
Essentials of Semiconductor Device Physics
by Emiliano MartinsESSENTIALS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PHYSICS An introductory semiconductor device physics textbook that is accessible to readers without a background in statistical physics The subject of this book is the physics of semiconductor devices, which is an important topic in engineering and physics because it forms the background for electronic and optoelectronic devices, including solar cells. The author aims to provide students and teachers with a concise text that focuses on semiconductor devices and covers the necessary background in statistical physics. This text introduces the key prerequisite knowledge in a simple, clear, and friendly manner. It distills the key concepts of semiconductor devices down to their essentials, enabling students to master this key subject in engineering, physics, and materials. The subject matter treated in this book is directly connected to the physics of p-n junctions and solar cells, which has become a topic of intense interest in the last decade. Sample topics covered within the text include: Chemical potential, Fermi level, Fermi-Dirac distribution, drift current and diffusion current. The physics of semiconductors, band theory and intuitive derivations of the concentration of charge carriers. The p-n junction, with qualitative analysis preceding the mathematical descriptions. A derivation of the current vs voltage relation in p-n junctions (Shockley equation). Important applications of p-n junctions, including solar cells The two main types of transistors: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) For students and instructors, it may be used as a primary textbook for an introductory semiconductor device physics course and is suitable for a course of approximately 30-50 hours. Scientists studying and researching semiconductor devices in general, and solar cells in particular, will also benefit from the clear and intuitive explanations found in this book.
Essentials of Semiconductor Device Physics
by Emiliano MartinsESSENTIALS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PHYSICS An introductory semiconductor device physics textbook that is accessible to readers without a background in statistical physics The subject of this book is the physics of semiconductor devices, which is an important topic in engineering and physics because it forms the background for electronic and optoelectronic devices, including solar cells. The author aims to provide students and teachers with a concise text that focuses on semiconductor devices and covers the necessary background in statistical physics. This text introduces the key prerequisite knowledge in a simple, clear, and friendly manner. It distills the key concepts of semiconductor devices down to their essentials, enabling students to master this key subject in engineering, physics, and materials. The subject matter treated in this book is directly connected to the physics of p-n junctions and solar cells, which has become a topic of intense interest in the last decade. Sample topics covered within the text include: Chemical potential, Fermi level, Fermi-Dirac distribution, drift current and diffusion current. The physics of semiconductors, band theory and intuitive derivations of the concentration of charge carriers. The p-n junction, with qualitative analysis preceding the mathematical descriptions. A derivation of the current vs voltage relation in p-n junctions (Shockley equation). Important applications of p-n junctions, including solar cells The two main types of transistors: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) For students and instructors, it may be used as a primary textbook for an introductory semiconductor device physics course and is suitable for a course of approximately 30-50 hours. Scientists studying and researching semiconductor devices in general, and solar cells in particular, will also benefit from the clear and intuitive explanations found in this book.
Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice)
by The Experts at DummiesOvercome your study inertia and polish your knowledge of physics Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies gives you 501 opportunities to practice solving problems from all the major topics covered you Physics I class—in the book and online! Get extra help with tricky subjects, solidify what you’ve already learned, and get in-depth walk-throughs for every problem with this useful book. These practice problems and detailed answer explanations will help you succeed in this tough-but-required class, no matter what your skill level. Thanks to Dummies, you have a resource to help you put key concepts into practice. Work through practice problems on all Physics I topics covered in school classes Step through detailed solutions to build your understanding Access practice questions online to study anywhere, any time Improve your grade and up your study game with practice, practice, practiceThe material presented in Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies is an excellent resource for students, as well as parents and tutors looking to help supplement Physics I instruction. Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies (9781119883715) was previously published as Physics I Practice Problems For Dummies (9781118853153). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.
Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice)
by The Experts at DummiesOvercome your study inertia and polish your knowledge of physics Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies gives you 501 opportunities to practice solving problems from all the major topics covered you Physics I class—in the book and online! Get extra help with tricky subjects, solidify what you’ve already learned, and get in-depth walk-throughs for every problem with this useful book. These practice problems and detailed answer explanations will help you succeed in this tough-but-required class, no matter what your skill level. Thanks to Dummies, you have a resource to help you put key concepts into practice. Work through practice problems on all Physics I topics covered in school classes Step through detailed solutions to build your understanding Access practice questions online to study anywhere, any time Improve your grade and up your study game with practice, practice, practiceThe material presented in Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies is an excellent resource for students, as well as parents and tutors looking to help supplement Physics I instruction. Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies (9781119883715) was previously published as Physics I Practice Problems For Dummies (9781118853153). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.
Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice)
by Heather Hattori Richard H. LangleyPractice your way to a better grade in your Chemistry class Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies gives you 1,001 opportunities to practice solving problems on all the topics covered in your chemistry class—in the book and online! Get extra practice with tricky subjects, solidify what you’ve already learned, and get in-depth walk-throughs for every problem with this useful book. These practice problems and detailed answer explanations will catalyze the reactions in your brain, no matter what your skill level. Thanks to Dummies, you have a resource to help you put key concepts into practice. Work through multiple-choice practice problems on all Chemistry topics covered in class Step through detailed solutions to build your understanding Access practice questions online to study anywhere, any time Improve your grade and up your study game with practice, practice, practiceThe material presented in Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies is an excellent resource for students, as well as parents and tutors looking to help supplement classroom instruction. Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies (9781119883531) was previously published as 1,001 Chemistry Practice Problems For Dummies (9781118549322). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.
Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice)
by Heather Hattori Richard H. LangleyPractice your way to a better grade in your Chemistry class Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies gives you 1,001 opportunities to practice solving problems on all the topics covered in your chemistry class—in the book and online! Get extra practice with tricky subjects, solidify what you’ve already learned, and get in-depth walk-throughs for every problem with this useful book. These practice problems and detailed answer explanations will catalyze the reactions in your brain, no matter what your skill level. Thanks to Dummies, you have a resource to help you put key concepts into practice. Work through multiple-choice practice problems on all Chemistry topics covered in class Step through detailed solutions to build your understanding Access practice questions online to study anywhere, any time Improve your grade and up your study game with practice, practice, practiceThe material presented in Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies is an excellent resource for students, as well as parents and tutors looking to help supplement classroom instruction. Chemistry: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies (9781119883531) was previously published as 1,001 Chemistry Practice Problems For Dummies (9781118549322). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.