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Nonlinear Physics with Maple for Scientists and Engineers
by Richard H. Enns George C. McGuirePhilosophy of the Text This text presents an introductory survey of the basic concepts and applied mathematical methods of nonlinear science as well as an introduction to some simple related nonlinear experimental activities. Students in engineering, phys ics, chemistry, mathematics, computing science, and biology should be able to successfully use this book. In an effort to provide the reader with a cutting edge approach to one of the most dynamic, often subtle, complex, and still rapidly evolving, areas of modern research-nonlinear physics-we have made extensive use of the symbolic, numeric, and plotting capabilities of the Maple software sys tem applied to examples from these disciplines. No prior knowledge of Maple or computer programming is assumed, the reader being gently introduced to Maple as an auxiliary tool as the concepts of nonlinear science are developed. The CD-ROM provided with this book gives a wide variety of illustrative non linear examples solved with Maple. In addition, numerous annotated examples are sprinkled throughout the text and also placed on the CD. An accompanying set of experimental activities keyed to the theory developed in Part I of the book is given in Part II. These activities allow the student the option of "hands on" experience in exploring nonlinear phenomena in the REAL world. Although the experiments are easy to perform, they give rise to experimental and theoretical complexities which are not to be underestimated.
Nonlinear Science at the Dawn of the 21st Century (Lecture Notes in Physics #542)
by P. L. Christiansen M. P. Sorensen A. C. ScottNonlinear science is by now a well established field of research at the interface of many traditional disciplines and draws on the theoretical concepts developed in physics and mathematics. The present volume gathers the contributions of leading scientists to give the state of the art in many areas strongly influenced by nonlinear research, such as superconduction, optics, lattice dynamics, biology and biomolecular dynamics. While this volume is primarily intended for researchers working in the field care, has been taken that it will also be of benefit to graduate students or nonexpert scientist wishing to familiarize themselves with the current status of research.
Nonlinearity in Structural Dynamics: Detection, Identification and Modelling
by K WordenMany types of engineering structures exhibit nonlinear behavior under real operating conditions. Sometimes the unpredicted nonlinear behavior of a system results in catastrophic failure. In civil engineering, grandstands at sporting events and concerts may be prone to nonlinear oscillations due to looseness of joints, friction, and crowd movements.
Nonlinearity in Structural Dynamics: Detection, Identification and Modelling
by K WordenMany types of engineering structures exhibit nonlinear behavior under real operating conditions. Sometimes the unpredicted nonlinear behavior of a system results in catastrophic failure. In civil engineering, grandstands at sporting events and concerts may be prone to nonlinear oscillations due to looseness of joints, friction, and crowd movements.
Nonradioactive Analysis of Biomolecules (Springer Lab Manuals)
by Christoph KesslerNew techniques and updated protocols for the detection and analysis of biomolecules - proteins, glycoproteins and nucleic acids. The second edition of this successful laboratory manual describes in detail the highly sensitive systems which are widely used in molecular biological and biomedical laboratories, such as colorimetric, luminescence, fluorescence measuring using antibody/antigen binding or hybridisation as well as PCR amplification. The clearly structured step-by-step protocols with practical hints and a troubleshooting guide are complemented by chapters on the theoretical background and the application of the techniques, enabling scientists to plan, design and conduct the appropriate procedures.
Nontarget Effects of Biological Control
by Jian J. Duan Peter A. FollettNontarget Effects of Biological Control is the first book of its kind. The environmental safety of biological control has come under scrutiny due to several areas of concerns: the irreversibility of alien introductions, the prevalence of host switching to innocuous native or beneficial species, dispersal of the biocontrol agent to new habitats away from croplands, and the lack of research on the efficacy and impact of biocontrol attempts. The debate has been strongly polarized between conservationists and biological control practitioners. Nontarget Effects of Biological Control proposes that retrospective analyses of systems in place in which nontarget effects are now documented or suspected provide the necessary information for planning and evaluating future releases to reduce risk. The book presents case histories of past biological control introductions from island and continental ecosystems.
Norstad: Airman, Strategist, Diplomat
by NA NAThis book offers a biography of the most glamorous and powerful NATO Supreme Commander of the Cold War, General Lauris Norstad, as both a "nuclear" general and an "international" general. His primary goal was to keep the Alliance together as he accommodated British and French nuclear ambitions while forestalling the same in West Germany. He also was at the center of the political/military maneuverings over Berlin and the Soviet attempt to blackmail the West into recognizing East Germany, all of which culminated in the building of the infamous "Wall."
Novel Cytokine Inhibitors (Progress in Inflammation Research)
by June RathboneCytokines have become established as key mediators of the signs and symptoms of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, dermatitis, asthma and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, they are involved in the cascade of events leading to cardiovascular shock and are major regulators of the function of immune cells. This book reviews recent advances in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. It addresses different therapeutic intervention possibilities for new drugs, such as the cellular source of cytokines, specific receptors which induce cytokine synthesis, intracellular regulators of cytokine gene induction and expression, secretion and activation of cytokines, cytokine receptors and signalling pathways from these receptors. Accordingly, experts were drawn from different backgrounds including academic research institutes, the pharmaceutical industry and clinical pharmacology. In each area, the opportunities for drug development are highlighted and, where possible, clinical data is reviewed.
Nuclear and Radiation Chemical Approaches to Fullerene Science (Developments in Fullerene Science #1)
by Tibor BraunPreface by Sir Harold W. Kroto, FRS Although the discovery of C60 is now almost 15 years old and the extraction occurred 60 nearly ten years ago it is amazing that the range of spin-off research still seems to expand without limits. The birth of the Fullerenes has spawned fascinating research programmes in almost every area of chemistry and physics and this monograph explores a particularly interesting and important area - the behaviour of these pure carbon cages in the presence of high-energy radiation. The C molecules must also be in the space 60 between the stars (albeit in quantities too small to detect at this time) as the conditions in the atmospheres of some carbon stars appear to be almost identical to the plasmas generated in the Kratschmer-Huffman system for making C60. The conditions in space 60 are very varied as it is pervaded by a plethora of high-energy particles (photons, cosmic rays, etc.) and the chapters in this book discuss, among other things, the response of C60 and various derivatives to probing by a range of high-energy particles. Various fullerenes and fullerene salts have been examined by positron annihilation techniques, revealing details of their electronic and structural properties as well as phase transition behaviour. Muons have been implanted to enable mSR techniques to probe with high sensitivity the endohedral electronic structures of fullerenes including those in superconducting systems.Mossbauer spectroscopy can give valuable information about the interactions in certain types of organometallic complexes and in particular it can reveal the degree of charge transfer in endohedral species. Nuclear irradiation/radiochemical analytical techniques have been applied resulting in information ranging widely from the stability of the fullerene cage containing endohedral metal atoms in various oxidation states to pharmaceutical studies of the distribution of fullerenes in the internal organs of animals. Time resolved pulsed radio lysis provides information at high sensitivity enabling micromolar concentrations to be probed e.g. C60 in water in which it is almost insoluble! Redox and rate constant measurements have given useful information on photolytically generated radical ion pairs involving a variety of fullerenes. Interesting accounts of observations involving the production of rare gas endohedral species by nuclear recoil have revealed information about the recoil mechanism. From the first moment of its discovery the unique cage structure of C60 initiated thoughts about the interesting possibility of encapsulation of atoms and molecules. One possibility that immediately suggested itself was the isolation of chemically toxic radionuclides by encapsulation in the (supposedly chemically innocuous) cage for pharmaceutical purposes. The possibility of creating cages carrying a radioactive atom inside the cage and moieties outside with molecular recognition capabilities is a most exciting prospect and discussion is included of some important first steps aimed at achieving this fascinating breakthrough. Another problem dealt with in this monograph is the effect of elemental impurities which has, as our studies progress, become more and more a matter of concern and interest. Impurities can have important effects on the observed physical and chemical behaviour of fullerenes, especially when very sensitive probe techniques are applied. This valuable book reviews some detailed studies of fundamental properties of fullerenes, which are leading to a deeper understanding of their behaviour in the presence of high energy radiation. The information obtained already and that which will be garnered in future studies of the kind described here is an absolutely necessary prerequisite for success in applications.
Nuclear Hepatology: A Textbook of Hepatobiliary Diseases
by Gerbail T. Krishnamurthy S. KrishnamurthyRecent advances in technology have greatly impacted upon the practice of nuclear medicine in general, and the approach to hepatobiliary diseases in particular. Empha sis is now placed more on non-invasive functional imaging with quantification, a feature unique to nuclear medicine and not available from any other competing diag nostic imaging modality. By providing a measure of severity of disease, quantification aids not only in timing of therapy but also for testing whether or not the chosen therapy has achieved the intended goals and objectives. This is the first textbook of its kind in the new millennium on nuclear hepatology to fully integrate quantitative physiology with morphology in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases. The conception of nuclear hepatology occurred in the late 1940s with the introduc tion of radiocolloids, whose rate of clearance from blood was used as a measure of hepatic blood flow. Radiocolloid imaging of the liver, introduced first in the mid 1950s, was the most popular nuclear medicine imaging procedure in the 1970s and early 1980s, accounting for nearly 50% of the total workload in many nuclear medicine departments.
Nuclear Physical Methods in Radioecological Investigations of Nuclear Test Sites (NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 1 #31)
by Siegfried S. Hecker Caroline F. V. Mason Kairat K. Kadyrzhanov Serge B. KislitsinIt is only with the ending of the Cold War that the issue of environmental hazards at many former nuclear testing sites around the world has attracted international scientific interest. This book discusses the environmental, ecological, and health problems associated with nuclear testing. Topics treated include dose assessment, risk, speciation and transport of radionuclides, measurement and separation of radionuclides, and remedial options. The nuclear test sites examined include the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (Kazakhstan), the Nevada test Site (USA), the Pacific atolls, and the Maralinga Test Site (Australia). The volume also discusses the additional release sites of Chelyabinsk (Russia), Chernobyl (Ukraine), Palomares (Spain), Los Alamos (USA), and others. A valuable compendium of radiological problems for a wide spectrum of readers, from non-specialist to expert.
Numerical Treatment of Multiphase Flows in Porous Media: Proceedings of the International Workshop Held at Beijing, China, 2–6 August 1999 (Lecture Notes in Physics #552)
by Zhangxin Chen Richard E. Ewing Zhong-Ci ShiThe need to predict, understand, and optimize complex physical and c- mical processes occurring in and around the earth, such as groundwater c- tamination, oil reservoir production, discovering new oil reserves, and ocean hydrodynamics, has been increasingly recognized. Despite their seemingly disparate natures, these geoscience problems have many common mathe- tical and computational characteristics. The techniques used to describe and study them are applicable across a broad range of areas. The study of the above problems through physical experiments, mat- matical theory, and computational techniques requires interdisciplinary col- boration between engineers, mathematicians, computational scientists, and other researchers working in industry, government laboratories, and univ- sities. By bringing together such researchers, meaningful progress can be made in predicting, understanding, and optimizing physical and chemical processes. The International Workshop on Fluid Flow and Transport in Porous - dia was successfully held in Beijing, China, August 2{6, 1999. The aim of this workshop was to bring together applied mathematicians, computational scientists, and engineers working actively in the mathematical and nume- cal treatment of ?uid ?ow and transport in porous media. A broad range of researchers presented papers and discussed both problems and current, state-of-the-art techniques.
Numerische Mathematik 2: Eine Einführung (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Josef Stoer Roland BulirschDieses zweibändige Standardlehrbuch bietet einen umfassenden und aktuellen Überblick über die Numerische Mathematik. Dabei wird besonderer Wert auf solche Vorgehensweisen und Methoden gelegt, die sich durch große Wirksamkeit auszeichnen. Ihr praktischer Nutzen, aber auch die Grenzen ihrer Anwendung werden vergleichend diskutiert. Zahlreiche Beispiele runden dieses unentbehrliche Buch ab.Die Neuauflage des zweiten Bandes wurde vollständig überarbeitet und ergänzt um die Darstellung kontinuierlicher Runge-Kutta-Verfahren für gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen und um weitere Krylov-Raum-Methoden zur Lösung großer linearer Gleichungssysteme."Das Lehrbuch ... setzt Maßstäbe für eine Numerik-Vorlesung und ist jedem Studenten der angewandten Mathematik zu empfehlen." Die Neue Hochschule
Nutrition and Immunology: Principles and Practice
by M. Eric Gershwin J. Bruce German Carl L. KeenIt is a pleasure to write the foreword to Nutrition and Table 1 Nutritional Status and Outcome of Infection Immunology: Principles and Practice. In fact, this book comes at a timely moment, when the impact of nutrition and Definite adverse outcome immunology is being widely felt because of the AIDS epi Measles, diarrhea, tuberculosis demic. This is particularly of note in Africa, where large Probable adverse outcome HIV, malaria, pneumonia sums of money are being spent on nutritional intervention Little or no effect programs in the hopes of improving immune responsive Poliomyelitis, tetanus, viral encephalitis ness. We should not forget, however, early advances in our Note: HIV= human immunodeficiency virus understanding of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). PEM can be used as a model to understand the nutritional basis of immunity, as well as the immunological influences on nutri tional status. Despite advances in agricultural production, tance. However, both in vitro studies and tests in laboratory PEM continues to affect hundreds of millions ofthe world's animals may have little resemblance to what is experienced population. The functional impact of undernutrition varies in humans under field conditions. from mild morbidity to life-threatening infection.
Observations and Predictions of Eclipse Times by Early Astronomers (Archimedes #4)
by J.M. SteeleEclipses have long been seen as important celestial phenomena, whether as omens affecting the future of kingdoms, or as useful astronomical events to help in deriving essential parameters for theories of the motion of the moon and sun. This is the first book to collect together all presently known records of timed eclipse observations and predictions from antiquity to the time of the invention of the telescope. In addition to cataloguing and assessing the accuracy of the various records, which come from regions as diverse as Ancient Mesopotamia, China, and Europe, the sources in which they are found are described in detail. Related questions such as what type of clocks were used to time the observations, how the eclipse predictions were made, and how these prediction schemes were derived from the available observations are also considered. The results of this investigation have important consequences for how we understand the relationship between observation and theory in early science and the role of astronomy in early cultures, and will be of interest to historians of science, astronomers, and ancient and medieval historians.
Observing Land from Space: Science, Customers and Technology (Advances in Global Change Research #4)
by Michel M. Verstraete Massimo Menenti Jouni PeltoniemiM. Verstraete (1) and M. Menenti (2, 3) (1) Space Applications Institute, Ispra, Italy, (2) The Winand Staring Centre for Integrated Land, Soil and Water Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands and (3) Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France. The European Network for the development of Advanced Models to interpret Optical Remote Sensing data over terrestrial environments (ENAMORS) is a consortium of academic and research institutions involved in methodological research and in applications of remote sensing techniques for Earth Observation. It was supported initially through a Concerted Action from the Environment and Climate Research and Technology Development Program in the 4th Framework Program of the European Commission. Its activities include the organization of international scientific conferences, the first of which took place in Tuusula, Finland, from September 17 to 19, 1997. This book contains the proceedings of that conference and effectively summarizes the discussions and conclusions reached by the participants. The title of this meeting was ‘Optical Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Surfaces: New Sensors, Advanced Algorithms, and the Opportunity for Novel Applications’. It aimed at assembling representatives from the policy maker, remote sensing research and end-user communities, as well as from national and international space agencies and aerospace industries. Together, they discussed the need for R&D support, as well as the contents and priorities of such a program in this economic sector during the period covered by the 5th Framework Program (1999--2002).
Observing the Caldwell Objects
by David RatledgeThe objects listed in the Caldwell Catalogue supplement Messiers famous catalogue of 110 non-stellar objects, and include some of the most fascinating objects for amateur astronomers. This comprehensive guide has been produced specially for observers, with each object conveniently shown on a double-page spread. There is a photographic image of every object and full technical data including position and NGC number. It also includes a finder map showing TelradTM circles, a star-hopping guide, a visual description of each object as seen through amateur telescopes, and a physical description of the object itself. Finally, there is a fold-out map showing the location of all the Caldwell objects in the sky. A practical and essential guide.
Observing the Moon (The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series)
by Peter T. WlasukWhy write another guide to observing the Moon? That was the question I was pondering as I began this project, having a fine collection of "classic" lunar guidebooks dating back to 1791 in my own library. As a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), member of the American Astronomical Society's Division for Planetary Sciences (AAS DPS), and member of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), I am fortunate to know many pro fessionallunar scientists who keep me up to date with developments in lunar scienc- contrary to public perception, lunar science has definitely not stagnated since the last Apollo, No. 17, left the surface of the Moon in December, 1972. I am also lucky to know many amateur lunar observers, who, like me, enjoy actually looking at the Moon with tele scopes and imaging it with a wide variety of devices ranging from regular 35 mm cameras to video recorders and CCD cameras. My friends who study the Moon, whether in their professions or just for fun, gave me several reasons for doing "another" lunar guidebook. First, the last lunar observer's guide of any length was published over ten years ago, and many reviewers noted that it was badly out of date even then.
Of Fish, Fly, Worm, and Man: Lessons from Developmental Biology for Human Gene Function and Disease (Ernst Schering Foundation Symposium Proceedings #29)
by JörnKrätzschmar ChristianeNüsslein-VolhardThe first complete genome sequence of a multicellular organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been determined recently. Several more will follow soon, among them the genome sequences of Drosophila melanogaster and the human. With these achievements, the stage is set for the next phase of "large-scale" biology, the study of the function of genes and the interactions between their protein products. The aim of the Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop 29 was to discuss the contribution of research on model organisms which are particularly suited for genetic and biological research, to the understanding of gen eral principles of biology as well as the basis for human diseases. This area of research has not only unveiled the basic molecular mechanisms of development of higher organisms, but has also made major contri butions to the elucidation of complex signal transduction pathways that play crucial roles both in ontogeny and human diseases. Establishing the complete molecular anatomy of an organism is a demanding but rather well-defined task. However, compared to the technical and scientific challenges of large-scale sequencing and the bioinformatics analysis of complete genome data, the assignment of function to the genes of multicellular organisms may still seem like a fishing expedition, with no universal road to success. One approach is based on large-scale technologies. The use of mi croarrays for multiple gene expression analysis is one element in this effort, providing important information on the cell- or tissue-specific activation of genes over time.
Of Microbes and Art: The Role of Microbial Communities in the Degradation and Protection of Cultural Heritage
by Orio Ciferri, Piero Tiano and Giorgio MastromeiMicrobial defacement and degradation of artistic or historic artifacts is a worldwide problem affecting all countries regardless of their history, geographical location, or economic conditions. This is the first comprehensive study of the role of microbial colonization on the degradation of different cultural artifacts (from buildings to books, wall paintings, textiles, sculptures and glass) and of the investigations into the compounds utilized to control microbial invasion. The book focuses on three main areas: the identification of the microorganisms which cause structural damage; methods to reduce or prevent microbial colonization and damage; and the use of microorganisms for the protection and bioremediation of cultural artifacts.
Öko-Rating: Ökologieorientierte Bewertung von Unternehmen von Unternehmen (Umweltnatur- & Umweltsozialwissenschaften)
by Frank FiggeImmer häufiger werden heute ökologische Bewertungen ganzer Unternehmen vorgenommen. Der Autor erläutert in diesem Buch, wie solche Öko-Ratings durchgeführt werden und welche wesentlichen Schwächen sie haben. Auf Basis dieser Analyse stellt er in einer klar verständlichen Sprache dar, wie mit Hilfe von Fuzzy Logic Bewertungsverfahren entwickelt werden können, die auch komplementäre und konfliktträchtige Beziehungen zwischen einzelnen Kriterien berücksichtigen. Dies ist in einer Welt, die sich durch eine steigende Vernetzung auszeichnet, von fundamentaler Bedeutung für die richtige Interpretation ökologischer Informationen und damit auch für eine richtige ökologieorientierte Bewertung von Unternehmen. Das vorgestellte Bewertungsverfahren lässt sich auch auf nicht-ökologische Zusammenhänge übertragen.
On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups
by Sue Boinski Paul A. GarberGetting from here to there may be simple for one individual. But as any parent, scout leader, or CEO knows, herding a whole troop in one direction is a lot more complicated. Who leads the group? Who decides where the group will travel, and using what information? How do they accomplish these tasks? On the Move addresses these questions, examining the social, cognitive, and ecological processes that underlie patterns and strategies of group travel. Chapters discuss how factors such as group size, resource distribution and availability, the costs of travel, predation, social cohesion, and cognitive skills affect how individuals as well as social groups exploit their environment. Most chapters focus on field studies of a wide range of human and nonhuman primate groups, from squirrel monkeys to Turkana pastoralists, but chapters covering group travel in hyenas, birds, dolphins, and bees provide a broad taxonomic perspective and offer new insights into comparative questions, such as whether primates are unique in their ability to coordinate group-level activities.
On Time Technology Implementation
by Bennet Lientz Kathryn ReaOn Time Technology Implementation presents technology implementation guidelines and lessons learned from over 30 years of successful, hands-on project experience.
On Time Technology Implementation
by Bennet Lientz Kathryn ReaOn Time Technology Implementation presents technology implementation guidelines and lessons learned from over 30 years of successful, hands-on project experience.