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Physik-Übungen für Ingenieure

by Eckard Gerlach Peter Grosse Eike Gerstenhauer

Die vorliegende Sammlung von Aufgaben und Lösungen ist aus den "Übungen" und Vordiplom-Klausuren entstanden, die an der RWTH in Aachen für die Stu­ dierenden der Ingenieurwissenschaften durchgeführt werden. Der Umfang der Lehrveranstaltungen im Nebenfach Physik beträgt, je nach Fachrichtung, 8 Se­ mesterwochenstunden Vorlesung mit 2 Stunden Übungen oder nur 2 Semester­ wochenstunden mit einer Stunde Übungen. Im letzten Fall ist der Stoff auf die Kapitel "Wellen, Optik, Struktur der Materie" beschränkt, während im ersten Fall alle Kapitel der makroskopischen Physik und "Struktur der Materie" berührt werden. Die Reduktion der Physik auf 2 Semesterwochenstunden hat sich im Rahmen der Studienreform durchgesetzt und basiert auf der durchaus anfechtbaren Hy­ pothese, daß die ausgelassenen Kapitel in den Vorlesungen Technische Mecha­ nik, Elektrotechnik, Technische Thermodynamik und Werkstoffkunde ergänzt würden. Zwar steht die Reduktion der Physikausbildung im Widerspruch zu den Ansprüchen der modernen "High Technology", die sowohl bei der Werkstoff­ entwicklung als auch bei der Verfahrens-und Produktionstechnik mehr denn je physikalische Kenntnisse fordert. Aber dem Stundenkürzen der Bildungspolitiker sind inhaltliche Bedenken nicht gewachsen! Das mit dieser Aufgabensammlung angestrebte Ziel ist, mit Hilfe der in der Vor­ lesung erarbeiteten Gesetze konkrete Beispiele zu verstehen und quantitativ zu beschreiben. Dabei soll das zu lösende Problem nicht detaillierter formuliert wer­ den als nötig, da es der wichtigste und kreativste Schritt des Lernenden ist, die Gesetze zu assoziieren, die für das Problem relevant sind.

Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks: Civil and Military Applications (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science #308)

by A. Nejat Ince Dag Wilhelmsen Bülent Sankur

Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks: Civil and Military Applications provides a comprehensive treatment of ISDNs: how to plan and design them architecturally and how to implement them so that they meet certain given user requirements ranging from a variety of service demands to transmission performance, security, reliability/availability, capability for growth, interoperability with other ISDN and non-ISDN networks and, of course, cost. The book concentrates on the application of ISDN concepts and standards to the planning and design of real costed networks to meet certain specified user requirements. Where there are multiple options, considerations and rationale on the choice of network aspects and standards are discussed. The unique feature of the book, compared with other books on ISDN, is that it expounds an original methodology which starts from an assumed or given set of complete user requirements and proceeds to designing a complete network taking into account the technology and standards of ISDN, as well as some constraints including cost which may be imposed. Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks describes computer-aided design tools employed for dimensioning the network for various traffic loads and for assessing its traffic carrying performance for assessing different precedence categories and network configurations, transmission conditions and routing algorithms which may be static-deterministic or dynamic-adaptive. Aspects such as surveillance and control, security, survivability and EMP protection are also addressed. Planning and Architectural Design of Integrated Services Digital Networks: Civil and Military Applications is an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture: Fundamental Methods (Springer Lab Manuals)

by Oluf Gamborg Gregory C. Phillips

This manual provides all relevant protocols for basic and applied plant cell and molecular technologies, such as histology, electron microscopy, cytology, virus diagnosis, gene transfer and PCR. Also included are chapters on laboratory facilities, operation and management as well as a glossary and all the information needed to set up and carry out any of the procedures without having to use other resource books.It is especially designed for professionals and advanced students who wish to acquire practical skills and first-hand experience in plant biotechnology.

Plant Physiology

by Hans Mohr G. Lawlor D. W. Lawlor Peter Schopfer

In this comprehensive and stimulating text and reference, the authors have succeeded in combining experimental data with current hypotheses and theories to explain the complex physiological functions of plants. For every student, teacher and researcher in the plant sciences it offers a solid basis for an in-depth understanding of the entire subject area, underpinning up-to-date research in plant physiology. The authors vividly explain current research by references to experiments, they cite original literature in figures and tables, and, at the end of each chapter, list recent references that are relevant for a deeper analysis of the topic. In addition, an abundance of detailed and informative illustrations complement the text.

Plastic Deformation of Ceramics

by R. C. Bradt C. A. Brookes J. L. Routbort

This proceedings volume, "Plastic Deformation of Ceramics," constitutes the papers of an international symposium held at Snowbird, Utah from August 7-12, 1994. It was attended by nearly 100 scientists and engineers from more than a dozen countries representing academia, national laboratories, and industry. Two previous conferences on this topic were held at The Pennsylvania State University in 1974 and 1983. Therefore, the last major international conference focusing on the deformation of ceramic materials was held more than a decade ago. Since the early 1980s, ceramic materials have progressed through an evolutionary period of development and advancement. They are now under consideration for applications in engineering structures. The contents of the previous conferences indicate that considerable effort was directed towards a basic understanding of deformation processes in covalently bonded or simple oxide ceramics. However, now, more than a decade later, the focus has completely shifted. In particular, the drive for more efficient heat engines has resulted in the development of silicon-based ceramics and composite ceramics. The discovery of high-temperature cupric oxide-based superconductors has created a plethora of interesting perovskite-Iike structured ceramics. Additionally, nanophase ceramics, ceramic thin films, and various forms of toughened ceramics have potential applications and, hence, their deformation has been investigated. Finally, new and exciting areas of research have attracted interest since 1983, including fatigue, nanoindentation techniques, and superplasticity.

Plastic Design and Second-Order Analysis of Steel Frames

by W.F. Chen I. Sohal

Plastic Design of Steel Frames assesses the current status and future direction of computer-based analyses of inelastic strength and stability for direct frame design. It shows how design rules are used in practical frame design and provides an introduction to the second-order theory of inelastic frame design. The book includes two computer programs on a diskette: one for the first-order analyses and the other for the second-order plastic hinge analysis of planar frame design. The second-order program can be used to predict realistic strengths and stabilities of planar frames, thereby eliminating the tedious task of estimating factors for individual member capacity checks. Both programs include clear input instructions. The diskette also contains the Fortran source-code listing for the second-order plastic-hinge analysis, enabling the user to customize the program. The programs will run on an IBM PC-AT or equivalent machine with 640 kB of memory and 30 MB hard drive.

Plastic Flow of Metals

by A. D. Tomlenov

Polycyclische Aromaten: Kohlenwasserstoffe und Fullerene (Teubner Studienbücher Chemie)

by Maximilian Zander

In diesem Lehrbuch wird eine Einführung in die verschiedenen theoretischen und praktischen Aspekte des interdisziplinären Gebiets der polycyclischen Aromaten gegeben. Die in dem Buch behandelten Stoffklassen sind die polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAHs) und die Fullerene.

Polymer Films in Sensor Applications

by Gabor Harsanyi

Polymer films now play an essential and growing role in sensors. Recent advances in polymer science and film preparation have made polymer films useful, practical and economical in a wide range of sensor designs and applications. Further, the continuing miniaturization of microelectronics favors the use of polymer thin films in sensors. This new book is the first comprehensive presentation of this technology. It covers both scientific fundamentals and practical engineering aspects. Included is an extensive survey of all types of sensors and applications. The very detailed table of contents in the next pages provides full information on content. More than 200 schematics illustrate a wide variety of sensor structures and their function.

Polymer Films in Sensor Applications

by Gabor Harsanyi

Polymer films now play an essential and growing role in sensors. Recent advances in polymer science and film preparation have made polymer films useful, practical and economical in a wide range of sensor designs and applications. Further, the continuing miniaturization of microelectronics favors the use of polymer thin films in sensors. This new book is the first comprehensive presentation of this technology. It covers both scientific fundamentals and practical engineering aspects. Included is an extensive survey of all types of sensors and applications. The very detailed table of contents in the next pages provides full information on content. More than 200 schematics illustrate a wide variety of sensor structures and their function.

Polymer Matrix Composites (Soviet Advanced Composites Technology Series #4)

by R. E. Shalin

Some years ago in Paisley (Scotland) the International Conference on Composite Materials, headed by Professor I. Marshall, took place. During the conference, I presented a paper on the manufacturing and properties of the Soviet Union's composite materials. Soviet industry had made great achievements in the manufacturing of composite materials for aerospace and rocket applications. For example, the fraction of composites (predominantly carbon fibre reinforced plastics) in the large passenger aircrafts Tu-204 and 11-86 is 12-15% of the structure weight. The percentage by weight share of composites in military aircraft is greater and the fraction of composites (organic fibre reinforced plastics) used in military helicopters exceeds a half of the total structure weight. The nose parts of most rockets are produced in carbon-carbon materials. In the Soviet spacecraft 'Buran' many fuselage tubes are made of boron-aluminium composites. Carbon-aluminium is used for space mirrors and gas turbine blades. These are just a few examples of applications. Many participants at the Paisley conference suggested that the substantial Soviet experience in the field of composite materials should be distilled and presented in the form of a comprehensive reference publication. So the idea of the preparation and publication of a six volume work Soviet Advanced Composites Technology, edited by Academician J. Fridlyander and Professor I. Marshall, was born.

Polymer Photodegradation: Mechanisms and experimental methods

by J.F. Rabek

During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40~60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. The photochemical instability of most polymers limits their outdoor application as they are photodegraded quickly over periods from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegradation and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In order to improve polymer photostability there has been a very big effort during the last 30 years to understand the mechanisms involved in photodegradation and environmental ageing. This book represents the author's attempt, based on his 25 years' experience in research on photodegradation and photo stabilization, to collect and generalize a number of available data on the photodegradation of polymers. The space limitation and the tremendous number of publications in the past two decades have made a detailed presentation of all important results and data difficult. The author apologizes to those whose work has not been quoted or widely presented in this book. Because many published results are very often contradictory, it has been difficult to present a fully critical review of collected knowledge, without antagonizing authors. For that reason, all available theories, mechanisms and different suggestions have been presented together, and only practice can evaluate which of them are valid.

Polymer Process Engineering

by R. Griskey

Polymers are ubiquitous and pervasive in industry, science, and technology. These giant molecules have great significance not only in terms of products such as plastics, films, elastomers, fibers, adhesives, and coatings but also less ob­ viously though none the less importantly in many leading industries (aerospace, electronics, automotive, biomedical, etc.). Well over half the chemists and chem­ ical engineers who graduate in the United States will at some time work in the polymer industries. If the professionals working with polymers in the other in­ dustries are taken into account, the overall number swells to a much greater total. It is obvious that knowledge and understanding of polymers is essential for any engineer or scientist whose professional activities involve them with these macromolecules. Not too long ago, formal education relating to polymers was very limited, indeed, almost nonexistent. Speaking from a personal viewpoint, I can recall my first job after completing my Ph.D. The job with E.I. Du Pont de Nemours dealt with polymers, an area in which I had no university training. There were no courses in polymers offered at my alma mater. My experience, incidentally, was the rule and not the exception.

Polymers and Other Advanced Materials: Emerging Technologies and Business Opportunities

by Ting Joo Ting Joo Fai James E. Mark Paras N. Prasad

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January 16-20, 1995

Polypropylene Structure, blends and Composites: Volume 2 Copolymers and Blends

by J. Karger-Kocsis

Although polypropylene has been marketed since the 1950s, research and development in this area is still vigorous. The consumption of polypropylene over the years has been relatively high, mainly due to the steady improvement of its property profile. Polypropylene: Structures, Blends and Composites, in three separate volumes, reflects on the key factors which have contributed to the success of polypropylene, dealing with all aspects of structure-performance relationships relevant to thermoplastic polymers and related composites. Volume 1, Structure and Morphology, deals with polymorphism in polypropylene homo- and copolymers, where molecular and supermolecular structures are covered, and the processing-induced structure development of polypropylene, showing the interrelation between the processing-induced morphology and mechanical performance. Volume 2, Copolymers and Blends, contains comprehensive surveys of the nucleation and crystallisation behaviour of the related systems. It includes the development of morphology and its effects on rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based alloys and blends and a review of polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers. Volume 3, Composites, gives a comprehensive overview of filled and reinforced systems with polypropylene as a matrix material, with the main emphasis on processing-structure-property-interrelationships. Chapters cover all aspects of particulate filled, chopped fibre-, fibre mat- and continuous fibre-reinforced composites. Interfacial phenomena, such as adhesion, wetting and interfacial crystallisation, are also included as important aspects of this subject.

Polypropylene Structure, blends and Composites: Volume 3 Composites

by J. Karger-Kocsis

Although polypropylene has been marketed since the 1950s, research and development in this area is still vigorous. The consumption of polypropylene over the years has been relatively high, mainly due to the steady improvement of its property profile. Polypropylene: Structures, Blends and Composites, in three separate volumes, reflects on the key factors which have contributed to the success of polypropylene, dealing with all aspects of structure-performance relationships relevant to thermoplastic polymers and related composites. Volume 1, Structure and Morphology, deals with polymorphism in polypropylene homo- and copolymers, where molecular and supermolecular structures are covered, and the processing-induced structure development of polypropylene, showing the interrelation between the processing-induced morphology and mechanical performance. Volume 2, Copolymers and Blends, contains comprehensive surveys of the nucleation and crystallisation behaviour of the related systems. It includes the development of morphology and its effects on rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based alloys and blends and a review of polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers. Volume 3, Composites, gives a comprehensive overview of filled and reinforced systems with polypropylene as a matrix material, with the main emphasis on processing-structure-property-interrelationships. Chapters cover all aspects of particulate filled, chopped fibre-, fibre mat- and continuous fibre-reinforced composites. Interfacial phenomena, such as adhesion, wetting and interfacial crystallisation, are also included as important aspects of this subject.

Porous Silicon Science and Technology: Winter School Les Houches, 8 to 12 February 1994 (Centre de Physique des Houches #1)

by Jean-Claude Vial Jacques Derrien

The discovery of bright visible light emission from porous silicon has opened the door to various nanometer sized silicon structures where the confinement of carriers gives rise to interesting physical properties. While the high efficiency of the light emission in the visible range is the common and the most prominent feature, their structures display similar properties with other highly divided materials (even non semiconductors), and then justify a multidisciplinary approach. This along with potential applications has attracted a large number of researchers followed by students to be trained. Until now international conferences have provided the exchange of information but have remained highly specialised so it was time to give thought to the organisation of topical and advanced lectures where the multidisciplinarity and the didactic approach are paramount. L'ecole des Houches was ideally devoted to that purpose. The meeting : " Luminescence of porous silicon and silicon nanostructures" was the first international school on this topic but some aspects in the organisation and the attendance have given an international workshop flavor to it. The school by itself has trained 82 «students», most of them were students starting their Ph. D thesis. 50% were French citizens and the other represented countries were Germany, England, USA, Czechoslovakia, The Netherlands, Italy, Japan, Poland, Spain, Canada, Brazil, India and Russia.

Poultry Products Technology: Third Edition

by VivianE Mountney

Now in its third edition, this classic volume characterizes the science and technology of the poultry industry today, defines the breadth and scope of the overall problems in the industry, and points out areas where more research is needed. With special attention to recent changes in the industry, the nearly two dozen updated chapters of Poultry Products Technology provide a comprehensive overview of the field, examining topics which deal with the processing, handling, marketing, and preparation of poultry meat, products, and by-products.Poultry Products Technology provides up-to-date information and references for food scientists, food technologists, dieticians, and others trained in the food service industry, who will at some point handle poultry products. This book supplies knowledge about how poultry and eggs are processed and prepared and how they can be used for optimum portions and services. The breadth of topics covered, as listed below, make it an ideal text for those just entering the field, for individuals who wish to learn about the work in a particular area before starting extensive research, and for those in the industry who require specific information for making decisions and projecting plans for the future:quality identification--grades and standardsquality maintenance--handling and processing poultry and eggs to prevent grade losseschemical and nutritive characteristics of poultry meat and eggsmicrobiology of eggs and poultry meatmethods of preservation--freezing, drying, refrigeration, radiation, canning, smokingcooking poultry meat and eggshandling and uses of inedible by-productsmethods of analysis of eggs and egg productsDuring the last twenty years, the consumption of poultry meat has and continues to increase while the consumption of eggs has steadily decreased, yet both are still considered good econ

Poultry Products Technology: Third Edition

by VivianE Mountney

Now in its third edition, this classic volume characterizes the science and technology of the poultry industry today, defines the breadth and scope of the overall problems in the industry, and points out areas where more research is needed. With special attention to recent changes in the industry, the nearly two dozen updated chapters of Poultry Products Technology provide a comprehensive overview of the field, examining topics which deal with the processing, handling, marketing, and preparation of poultry meat, products, and by-products.Poultry Products Technology provides up-to-date information and references for food scientists, food technologists, dieticians, and others trained in the food service industry, who will at some point handle poultry products. This book supplies knowledge about how poultry and eggs are processed and prepared and how they can be used for optimum portions and services. The breadth of topics covered, as listed below, make it an ideal text for those just entering the field, for individuals who wish to learn about the work in a particular area before starting extensive research, and for those in the industry who require specific information for making decisions and projecting plans for the future:quality identification--grades and standardsquality maintenance--handling and processing poultry and eggs to prevent grade losseschemical and nutritive characteristics of poultry meat and eggsmicrobiology of eggs and poultry meatmethods of preservation--freezing, drying, refrigeration, radiation, canning, smokingcooking poultry meat and eggshandling and uses of inedible by-productsmethods of analysis of eggs and egg productsDuring the last twenty years, the consumption of poultry meat has and continues to increase while the consumption of eggs has steadily decreased, yet both are still considered good econ

Power Supply in Telecommunications

by Hans Gumhalter

An important part of any communication system is its power supply system. The smooth operation of all communications depends on the quality of the power supply and on the operational reliability of the increasingly complex equipment and devices used for this purpose.This book describes current power supply technologies, it explains the circuit techniques using easy-to-understand examples and illustrations. Also covered are automatic control, grounding and protection techniques as well as the design of battery and grounding installations.The book is conceived as a practical guide for those involved in planning installing, comissioning and servicing telecommunication systems, but it is also useful as an introduction to the subject.

Practical Analysis of Composite Laminates (Applied and Computational Mechanics #1)

by J. N. Reddy Antonio Miravete

Composite materials are increasingly used in aerospace, underwater, and automotive structures. They provide unique advantages over their metallic counterparts, but also create complex challenges to analysts and designers. Practical Analysis of Composite Laminates presents a summary of the equations governing composite laminates and provides practical methods for analyzing most common types of composite structural elements. Experimental results for several types of structures are included, and theoretical and experimental correlations are discussed. The last chapter is devoted to practical analysis using Designing Advanced Composites (DAC), a PC-based software on the subject. This comprehensive text can be used for a graduate course in mechanical engineering, and as a valuable reference for professionals in the field.

Practical Analysis of Composite Laminates (Applied and Computational Mechanics #1)

by J. N. Reddy Antonio Miravete

Composite materials are increasingly used in aerospace, underwater, and automotive structures. They provide unique advantages over their metallic counterparts, but also create complex challenges to analysts and designers. Practical Analysis of Composite Laminates presents a summary of the equations governing composite laminates and provides practical methods for analyzing most common types of composite structural elements. Experimental results for several types of structures are included, and theoretical and experimental correlations are discussed. The last chapter is devoted to practical analysis using Designing Advanced Composites (DAC), a PC-based software on the subject. This comprehensive text can be used for a graduate course in mechanical engineering, and as a valuable reference for professionals in the field.

Practical Guide to Alterations and Extensions

by Andrew R. Williams

This simple-to-use, practical guide to altering or extending property is invaluable to all those who are trying to ensure that the processes involved are carried out efficiently and cost-effectively. For those working or planning to work in the construction industry, it will remind them of the pitfalls of local requirements, building control and planning.

Practical Guide to Alterations and Extensions

by Andrew R. Williams

This simple-to-use, practical guide to altering or extending property is invaluable to all those who are trying to ensure that the processes involved are carried out efficiently and cost-effectively. For those working or planning to work in the construction industry, it will remind them of the pitfalls of local requirements, building control and planning.

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