- Table View
- List View
Climate Disaster Preparedness: Reimagining Extreme Events through Art and Technology (Arts, Research, Innovation and Society)
by Michael J. Ostwald Ursula Frohne Dennis Del Favero Susanne ThurowAs a result of global warming, extreme events, such as firestorms and flash floods, pose increasingly unpredictable and uncertain existential threats, taking lives, destroying communities, and wreaking havoc on habitats. Current aesthetic, technological and scientific frameworks struggle to imagine, visualise and rehearse human interactions with these events, hampering the development of proactive foresight, readiness and response.This open access book demonstrates how the latest advances in creative arts, intelligent systems and climate science can be integrated and leveraged to transform the visualisation of extreme event scenarios. It reframes current practice from passive perception of pre-scripted illustrations to active immersion in evolving life-like interactive scenarios that are geo-located. Drawing on the multidisciplinary expertise of leaders in the creative arts, climate sciences, environmental engineering, and intelligent systems, this book examines the waysin which climate disaster preparedness can be reformulated through practices that address dynamic and unforeseen interactions between climate and human life worlds. Grouped into four sections (picturing, narrating, rehearsing, and communicating), this book maps this approach by exploring the emerging strengths and current limitations of each discipline in addressing the challenge of envisioning the unpredictable interaction of extreme events with human populations and environments. This book provides a timely intervention into the global discourse on how art, culture and technology can address climate disaster resilience. It appeals to readers from multiple fields, offering academic, industry and community audiences novel insights into a profound gap in the current knowledge, policy and action landscape.
Climate-Drought Resilience in Extreme Environments
by V. Ratna Reddy Y. V. Reddy M. Srinivasa ReddyThis book assesses the effectiveness of changes in watershed interventions in one of the most fragile resource regions of India. Specifically the chapters examine various watershed centred interventions and their implementation process. An evaluation of the livelihood impacts, including crop production on the communities, is discussed and an assessment of the drought and climate resilience of households in the context of watershed and related interventions, including institutions and capacity of the communities, is investigated. Lessons are drawn to further identify measures to strengthen and improvise interventions for enhanced climate-drought resilience in harsh environments.
Climate Economics: A Call for More Pluralism And Responsibility (Palgrave Studies in Sustainability, Environment and Macroeconomics)
by Michael Roos Franziska M. HoffartThis book is a philosophical critique of the economics of climate change from both an ethical and philosophy of economics perspective. Mitigating climate change is not so much a scientific problem, but rather a political, social and above all an economic problem. A future without greenhouse gas emissions requires a radical transformation towards a sustainable low-carbon economy and society. How this transformation could be achieved raises numerous economic questions. Many of these questions remain untouched, although economists are equipped with a suitable toolkit and expertise. This book argues that economists have a social responsibility to carry out more research on how global warming could be stopped and that, ultimately, economic analysis of climate change must be a political economic approach that treats the economy as part of a wider social system. This approach will be of interest to policy makers, educators, students and researchers in support of more pluralism in economic research and teaching.
Climate Economics: Economic Analysis of Climate, Climate Change and Climate Policy, Second Edition (Routledge Explorations In Environmental Economics Ser.)
by Richard S.J. TolThis unique textbook offers comprehensive coverage of the economics of climate change and climate policy, and is a suitable guide for advanced undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctoral students. Topics discussed include the costs and benefits of adaptation and mitigation, discounting, uncertainty, policy instruments, and international agreements. Key features of the second edition: • In-depth treatment of the economics of climate change • careful explanations of concepts and their application to climate policy • customizable integrated assessment model that illustrates all issues discussed • specific usage guidelines for each level of reader • companion website featuring data, extra reading, quizzes, videos, and more to support seminar sessions and further exploration of the topic • discussion of the latest developments in theory and policy • a stronger empirical basis than the first edition. This book is an essential text for advanced undergraduate and masters students in economics, climate change, and environmental policy, and an excellent resource for researchers and practitioners looking for a key text to support them across all of their teaching.
Climate Economics: Economic Analysis of Climate, Climate Change and Climate Policy
by Richard S.J. TolThis thoroughly revised third edition offers comprehensive coverage of the economics of climate change and climate policy, and is a suitable guide for advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students. Topics discussed include the costs and benefits of adaptation and mitigation, discounting, uncertainty, equity, policy instruments, the second best, and international agreements.Key features:In-depth treatment of the economics of climate changeCareful explanation of concepts and their application to climate policyCustomizable integrated assessment model that illustrates all issues discussedSpecific usage guidelines for each level of readerCompanion website with data, quizzes, videos, and further readingDiscussion of the latest developments in theory and policyGreater attention to policy and market imperfections than in the second edition.This book is an essential text for students in economics, climate change, and environmental policy, an excellent resource for researchers and practitioners, and a key text to support professors in their teaching.
Climate Emergency – Managing, Building , and Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals: Selected Proceedings from the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) 2020
by Christopher Gorse Lloyd Scott Colin Booth Mohammad DastbazThrough research and proven practice, the aim of the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) is to foster ideas on how to reduce negative impacts on the environment while providing for the health and well-being of society. The professions and fields of research required to ensure buildings meet user demands and provide healthy enclosures are many and diverse. The SEEDS conference addresses the interdependence of people, the built and natural environments, and recognizes the interdisciplinary and international themes necessary to assemble the knowledge required for positive change.
Climate Finance: Supporting a Sustainable Energy Transition (Climate Change and Energy Transition)
by Fei Wu Qiang Ji Dayong ZhangThis book focuses on the frontier issues in climate finance and aims to develop a general framework to understand the financial pathways towards a successful energy transition. It builds upon the general descriptions of the current status and future challenges towards carbon neutral targets, and then bring forward a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis on the critical issues related to climate finance. Estimated by the International Energy Agency (IEA), trillions dollars of investment in energy sector are needed to achieve net-zero emission scenario. It provides a huge opportunity for our economies, meanwhile creates considerable challenges to the existing system. Both financing and investment in such an unprecedented scale cannot possibly be satisfied by the current financial architecture, which creates demands for restructuring in the financial sector, developing innovative financial instruments, building mechanisms to attract private investment, and establishing human resources to facilitate climate financing and investment. This area is essentially interdisciplinary, which requires a fundamental reconsideration of standard approaches. Aiming to satisfy the broad interests from both academia and policymakers, the contents of this book range from general discussions on critical issues to advanced statistical analyses on key topics. Authors hope to bring forward a general picture about climate finance and facilitate the demands for both academic research and policymaking. It should also provide a good guidance for graduate students interested in this subject. The main contents of this book are based on solid research outcomes but with clear policy relevance. The book combines finance theory and practices in both financial markets and energy sectors to reflect the complex nature of financing for energy transition. While the materials can provide useful knowledge to policymakers, the book can also inspire new research ideas in the relevant area.
Climate Finance as an Instrument to Promote the Green Growth in Developing Countries (SpringerBriefs in Climate Studies)
by Antonio A. Romano Giuseppe Scandurra Alfonso Carfora Monica RonghiThis book analyses the effectiveness of climate finance as political instrument to reduce the effect of anthropogenic activities on climate change and promote the green growth in developing countries.The book highlights that close attention should also be paid to the analysis of political contexts in a broad sense. Particularly focusing on the international negotiations process that enables the direction of funds toward specific needs and priorities and the issue of access to electricity. For example, the difficulties that developing countries face when trying to improve their green economic development without access to carbon remains a matter of the utmost importance and urgency for many developing countries that lack significant aid from developed countries. This book will be of interest to a wide body of academics and practitioners in climate change and energy policies. Moreover, this project is a valid instrument for students in energy policies and climate programs.
Climate Friendly Goods and Technologies in Asia: Opportunities For Trade (SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science)
by Soumyananda DindaThis book investigates the potential trade opportunity of climate friendly goods and technology (CFGT) in Asia and South Asia region, and uses a case study of India to clarify India's position on global warming and efforts to mitigate climate change impacts regionally and globally. In four main sections, the book applies econometric techniques to analyze the trade performance of CFGTs in nations in Asia and South Asia, in order to assess trade gaps and map the movement of CFGTs in these regions. The major themes addressed in the book include climate change and trade, issues that shape regional and national policies, and strategies for implementing global climate change mitigation on trade opportunities and developments. Section 1 introduces readers to some background on global climate change threats and its effects on trade, as well as the need to develop trade for CFGTs. Section 2 assesses the trade performance of CFGTs in Asia, and South Asia, and the competitiveness of CFGT trade. Section 3 uses a regional orientation index to analyze CFGT trade. Section 4 discusses the potential business applications of CFGT trade in the Asia, South Asia region, and uses a case study on India to analyze climate change mitigation effects on trade and policy. The book will be of interest to researchers, students, governments, and policy makers.
Climate Funds and Sustainable Development: Who Pays in the End? (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Gonzalo LarreaWhile significant attention has been devoted to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) and scaling up climate finance for developing countries, the adverse impacts of funded projects on local communities remains inadequately explored by both academics and policymakers. Mobilizing climate finance on an unprecedented scale is undeniably vital for the success of developing countries’ climate policies. However, these initiatives often give rise to adverse consequences for individuals in these countries, leading to displacements, exacerbating food insecurity, or even triggering conflicts over resources.This book examines the extent to which the climate funds established for achieving SDG 13 are adequate for addressing climate change impacts in developing countries. Yet, its analysis transcends the mere evaluation of the sufficiency or efficacy of these efforts found in much of the existing literature. Beyond the scope of quantifiable success, the book delves into the root causes of the adverse impacts that these funds can have on local communities and offers tailored recommendations to realize the noble aspirations of SDG 13, all without implying that the individuals who should benefit from climate finance are the ones who pay in the end.
Climate Future: Averting and Adapting to Climate Change
by Robert S. PindyckMost people would probably agree on what should be done to avert severe climate change: The world must reduce CO2 emissions as much and as quickly as possible. But we must also ask what will be done. Is it realistic to expect worldwide emissions to fall rapidly enough to prevent severe climate change? And if we conclude it is not realistic, and so higher temperatures and rising sea levels are likely, what should we do? What actions should we take now to reduce the likely impact of climate change? Whatever climate policies are adopted, there will be a great deal of uncertainty over what will happen as a result. In Climate Future, Robert Pindyck, an authority on the economics of climate change and global catastrophes, explains what we know and what we don't know about the extent of climate change and its impact, why there is so much uncertainty, and what it means for climate policy. This book shows that given the economic and political realities, it is simply not realistic to expect emission reductions needed to avert substantial global warming. Pindyck argues that investments in adaptation-developing new hybrid crops, discouraging building in flood-prone or wildfire-prone areas, building sea walls and dikes, and geoengineering-are needed to insure against catastrophic climate change events. We should invest now in adaptation, and Pindyck shows how that can be done.
Climate Future: Averting and Adapting to Climate Change
by Robert S. PindyckMost people would probably agree on what should be done to avert severe climate change: The world must reduce CO2 emissions as much and as quickly as possible. But we must also ask what will be done. Is it realistic to expect worldwide emissions to fall rapidly enough to prevent severe climate change? And if we conclude it is not realistic, and so higher temperatures and rising sea levels are likely, what should we do? What actions should we take now to reduce the likely impact of climate change? Whatever climate policies are adopted, there will be a great deal of uncertainty over what will happen as a result. In Climate Future, Robert Pindyck, an authority on the economics of climate change and global catastrophes, explains what we know and what we don't know about the extent of climate change and its impact, why there is so much uncertainty, and what it means for climate policy. This book shows that given the economic and political realities, it is simply not realistic to expect emission reductions needed to avert substantial global warming. Pindyck argues that investments in adaptation-developing new hybrid crops, discouraging building in flood-prone or wildfire-prone areas, building sea walls and dikes, and geoengineering-are needed to insure against catastrophic climate change events. We should invest now in adaptation, and Pindyck shows how that can be done.
Climate Governance and Corporate Eco-innovation: A Framework for Sustainable Companies (Sustainable Finance)
by Vu Quang TrinhCorporations are increasingly dedicated to implementing more robust climate change practices in an era characterized by natural resource constraints, socio-environmental challenges, and mounting climate change pressures. This book provides a timely exploration of theoretical and empirical perspectives on global climate governance and corporate eco-innovation activities. It illustrates how corporations are actively addressing climate change by enhancing their climate governance systems and integrating eco-innovation into their operations, significantly impacting financial decision-making, policies, performance, risk management, and other crucial indicators. In this context, eco-innovation represents a corporation's ability to reduce environmental costs and burdens for its customers. It plays a vital role in helping firms improve energy and environmental efficiency, mitigate energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and minimize ecological harm during and after production. Additionally, eco-innovation can create new market opportunities by enhancing existing environmental technologies. Furthermore, the shift from conventional corporate governance to a heightened focus on corporate climate governance mechanisms, such as the establishment of ecological committees, the implementation of cli-mate incentives for managers and executives, and the publication of sustainability or climate change reports, proves to be an effective strategy for motivating firms to become more dedicated to environmental protection and eco-innovation initiatives.
Climate Governance and Urban Planning: Implementing Low-Carbon Development Patterns (Regions and Cities)
by Deborah HeinenUrban planning as a discipline is deeply integral to implementing a low-carbon future. This book fosters an understanding for how the rules-in-use that govern urban planning influence the ability to implement low-carbon development patterns. Drawing on the theoretical foundations of the climate governance and urban planning literatures, the book provides a context to understand plan implementation challenges and obstacles in metropolitan areas. As metropolitan regions across the globe seek to reduce emissions from transportation, many levels of governments have developed ambitious climate action plans that make land use and transportation recommendations in order to reduce vehicle miles traveled. Many have recommended low-carbon development patterns which are characterized by intensified and diversified uses around rapid transit stations. However, the implementation of these recommendations is done within the context of different "rules-in-use" unique to the planning systems in each metropolitan region. The book examines the rules-in-use in three metropolitan regions of similar demographic size: the Metro Vancouver, Puget Sound, and the Stuttgart regions. By examining the implementation of low-carbon development patterns, the book focuses on growth management related questions about how to coordinate transit investments with land use decisions in metropolitan regions. The book finds that state legislation that deals with metropolitan planning and regional growth strategies can greatly aid in creating accountability among actors as well as provide a road map to navigate conflicts when implementing low-carbon development patterns. By focusing on the rules-in-use, the book is of interest to policy-makers, planners, advocates, and researchers who wish to assess and improve the odds of implementing low-carbon development patterns in a metropolitan region.
Climate Governance and Urban Planning: Implementing Low-Carbon Development Patterns (Regions and Cities)
by Deborah HeinenUrban planning as a discipline is deeply integral to implementing a low-carbon future. This book fosters an understanding for how the rules-in-use that govern urban planning influence the ability to implement low-carbon development patterns. Drawing on the theoretical foundations of the climate governance and urban planning literatures, the book provides a context to understand plan implementation challenges and obstacles in metropolitan areas. As metropolitan regions across the globe seek to reduce emissions from transportation, many levels of governments have developed ambitious climate action plans that make land use and transportation recommendations in order to reduce vehicle miles traveled. Many have recommended low-carbon development patterns which are characterized by intensified and diversified uses around rapid transit stations. However, the implementation of these recommendations is done within the context of different "rules-in-use" unique to the planning systems in each metropolitan region. The book examines the rules-in-use in three metropolitan regions of similar demographic size: the Metro Vancouver, Puget Sound, and the Stuttgart regions. By examining the implementation of low-carbon development patterns, the book focuses on growth management related questions about how to coordinate transit investments with land use decisions in metropolitan regions. The book finds that state legislation that deals with metropolitan planning and regional growth strategies can greatly aid in creating accountability among actors as well as provide a road map to navigate conflicts when implementing low-carbon development patterns. By focusing on the rules-in-use, the book is of interest to policy-makers, planners, advocates, and researchers who wish to assess and improve the odds of implementing low-carbon development patterns in a metropolitan region.
Climate Governance in China: Policy Diffusion of Emissions Trading in Shanghai and Hubei (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Lina Li Maia Haru HallThis book explores how and why innovative climate policies spread across subnational regions and between governance levels in China. Despite the significance of emerging economies in a pathway to a zero-carbon future, research to date on China’s transformation governance remains limited. Drawing on a theoretical framework for policy diffusion and based on extensive data from expert interviews with Chinese decisionmakers and policy practitioners, Lina Li and Maia Haru Hall focus on the policy of emissions trading systems (ETS) and two key case studies: Shanghai and Hubei. The authors examine the role of the national government and how much freedom the subnational regions have in developing ETS policy, as well as pinpointing key actors and the role of policy and knowledge diffusion mechanisms. Overall, this book sheds light on the competition between China and the West in the transition to climate-friendly societies and economies, highlighting opportunities for cooperation between them. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental politics and policy, climate change, urban studies, and Chinese studies more broadly.
Climate Governance in China: Policy Diffusion of Emissions Trading in Shanghai and Hubei (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Lina Li Maia Haru HallThis book explores how and why innovative climate policies spread across subnational regions and between governance levels in China. Despite the significance of emerging economies in a pathway to a zero-carbon future, research to date on China’s transformation governance remains limited. Drawing on a theoretical framework for policy diffusion and based on extensive data from expert interviews with Chinese decisionmakers and policy practitioners, Lina Li and Maia Haru Hall focus on the policy of emissions trading systems (ETS) and two key case studies: Shanghai and Hubei. The authors examine the role of the national government and how much freedom the subnational regions have in developing ETS policy, as well as pinpointing key actors and the role of policy and knowledge diffusion mechanisms. Overall, this book sheds light on the competition between China and the West in the transition to climate-friendly societies and economies, highlighting opportunities for cooperation between them. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental politics and policy, climate change, urban studies, and Chinese studies more broadly.
Climate-Induced Innovation: Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change
by Manuela Coromaldi Sabrina AuciThis book investigates the role of climate-induced innovation and climate change mitigation technologies in reducing the negative impact of climate change. Through original case studies and analysis, frameworks to both reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and respond to the impacts of a changing climate are explored. Particular attention is given to biotechnology patents and innovations for small farm agriculture. This book aims to provide new insight into the relationship between climate change and innovation, highlighting the problems and opportunities posed by the transition to an environmentally sustainable society. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in environmental and innovation economics.
Climate Information for Public Health Action (Routledge Studies in Environment and Health)
by Madeleine C. Thomson Simon J. MasonPolicy-makers are increasingly concerned about the impact of climate variability and change on the health of vulnerable populations. Variations and trends in climatic factors and extreme weather events impact many health outcomes, including malaria, heat stress and undernutrition. Climate Information for Public Health Action is based on the premise that climate knowledge and information can help protect the public from climate-sensitive health risks. With a focus on infectious disease, hydro-meteorological disasters and nutrition, the book explores why, when and how data on the historical, current and future (from days to decades) climate can be incorporated into health decision-making. Created as a collaborative effort between climate and health experts, this book targets a broad technical public health community, alongside development practitioners and policy-makers engaged in climate change adaptation. It may also guide climate experts in the development of climate services tailored to health needs. Written in an accessible, informative style, while maintaining the highest technical and scientific standards, it will also be a valuable resource for students and academics studying and working in the emerging field of environment and health. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781315115603, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license."
Climate Information for Public Health Action (Routledge Studies in Environment and Health)
by Madeleine C. Thomson Simon J. MasonPolicy-makers are increasingly concerned about the impact of climate variability and change on the health of vulnerable populations. Variations and trends in climatic factors and extreme weather events impact many health outcomes, including malaria, heat stress and undernutrition. Climate Information for Public Health Action is based on the premise that climate knowledge and information can help protect the public from climate-sensitive health risks. With a focus on infectious disease, hydro-meteorological disasters and nutrition, the book explores why, when and how data on the historical, current and future (from days to decades) climate can be incorporated into health decision-making. Created as a collaborative effort between climate and health experts, this book targets a broad technical public health community, alongside development practitioners and policy-makers engaged in climate change adaptation. It may also guide climate experts in the development of climate services tailored to health needs. Written in an accessible, informative style, while maintaining the highest technical and scientific standards, it will also be a valuable resource for students and academics studying and working in the emerging field of environment and health. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781315115603, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license."
Climate Innovation: Liberal Capitalism and Climate Change (Energy, Climate and the Environment)
by John Mikler Neil E. HarrisonA comprehensive examination of the inability of liberal capitalism to generate the technological innovations necessary to prevent dangerous climate change. The case is made for the need for institutional evolution to drive the climate innovation, and the potential for climate innovation in an increasingly economically interconnected world.
Climate Investing: New Strategies and Implementation Challenges
by Emmanuel JurczenkoThis edited book consists of a collection of original articles written by leading industry and academic experts in the area of climate investing. The chapters introduce the reader to some of the latest research developments in the area of low-carbon investing and climate change solutions. Each chapter deals with new methods for estimating portfolio carbon footprints, constructing Paris-aligned equity and multi-asset portfolios and hedging climate risks. This title will be of great help to portfolio managers, asset owners and consultants, as well as academics and students who want to improve their knowledge and understanding of climate investing.
Climate Investing: New Strategies and Implementation Challenges
by Emmanuel JurczenkoThis edited book consists of a collection of original articles written by leading industry and academic experts in the area of climate investing. The chapters introduce the reader to some of the latest research developments in the area of low-carbon investing and climate change solutions. Each chapter deals with new methods for estimating portfolio carbon footprints, constructing Paris-aligned equity and multi-asset portfolios and hedging climate risks. This title will be of great help to portfolio managers, asset owners and consultants, as well as academics and students who want to improve their knowledge and understanding of climate investing.
Climate Justice: Integrating Economics and Philosophy
by Ravi Kanbur Henry ShueClimate justice requires sharing the burdens and benefits of climate change and its resolution equitably and fairly. It brings together justice between generations and justice within generations. In particular it requires that attempts to address justice between generations through various interventions designed to curb greenhouse emissions today do not end up creating injustice in our time by hurting the currently poor and vulnerable. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) summit in September 2015, and the Conference of Parties (COP) to the Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris in December 2015, brought climate change and its development impact centre stage in global discussions. In the run up to Paris, Mary Robinson, former President of Ireland and UN Secretary General's Special Envoy for Climate Change, instituted the Climate Justice Dialogue "to mobilize political will and creative thinking to shape an ambitious and just international climate agreement in 2015". The editors of this volume, an economist and a philosopher, served on the High Level Advisory Committee of the Climate Justice Dialogue. They noted the overlap and mutual enforcement between the economic and philosophical discourses on climate justice. But they also noted the great need for these strands to come together to support the public and policy discourse. Climate Justice: Integrating Economics and Philosophy is the result. Bringing together contributions from economists and philosophers, Climate Justice illustrates the different approaches, how they overlap and interact, and what they have already learned from each other and might still have to learn.
Climate Justice: A Voice for the Future
by T. ThorpIn this ground-breaking work, Teresa Thorp tackles the causes and effects of climate injustice by methodically mapping out an approach by which to reach a negotiatedconsensus with legal force to protect present and future generations. Using the law and policy of climate change as a vehicle for illustrating how to shape our future,she comprehensively overturns the widely held contemporary view of climate justice as inconstant charitable acts, relative systemic notions and static concepts isolatedfrom the common good and a congruent rule of law. Responding to the adverse impacts of climate change (heat waves, extended drought, severe flooding anddesertification), which represent an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet, requires a new and cohesive way of thinking aboutglobal policy and the law.The mission of guaranteeing and realising human dignity, human security and human rights is multi-fold. Looking through the lens of kaleidoscopic normativity, anextensible language anchored in common juridical elements should facilitate how norms enter the socio-legal frame and interact within it. Users need to be able todisplay and interpret the congruent legal norm in order to obey and apply it. Galvanising this process by constitutionalising first principles and consequential normsis vital for attaining fraternity between nations and among all people.Climate Justice – A Voice for the Future is an essential read for scholars, practitioners and all those genuinely interested in reaching consensus on a post-2015 global climate accord, a unified development agenda and a cohesive pact for disaster-risk reduction.