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Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 12th International Conference, ICA3PP 2012, Fukuoka, Japan, September 4-7, 2012, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7440)
by Yang Xiang Ivan Stojmenovic Bernady O. Apduhan Guojun Wang Koji Nakano Albert Y. ZomayaThe two volume set LNCS 7439 and 7440 comprises the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2012, as well as some workshop papers of the CDCN 2012 workshop which was held in conjunction with this conference. The 40 regular paper and 26 short papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 156 submissions. The CDCN workshop attracted a total of 19 original submissions, 8 of which are included in part II of these proceedings. The papers cover many dimensions of parallel algorithms and architectures, encompassing fundamental theoretical approaches, practical experimental results, and commercial components and systems.
Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Part I: 11th International Conference, ICA3PP 2011, Melbourne, Australia,October 24-26, 2011, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7016)
by Yang Xiang Alfredo Cuzzocrea Michael Hobbs Wanlei ZhouThis two volume set LNCS 7016 and LNCS 7017 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2011, held in Melbourne, Australia, in October 2011. The first volume presents 24 revised regular papers and 17 revised short papers together with the abstract of the keynote lecture - all carefully reviewed and selected from 85 initial submissions. The papers cover the many dimensions of parallel algorithms and architectures, encompassing fundamental theoretical approaches, practical experimental results, and commercial components and systems and focus on two broad areas of parallel and distributed computing, i.e., architectures, algorithms and networks, and systems and applications.
Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Part II: 11th International Conference, ICA3PP 2011, Workshops, Melbourne, Australia, October 24-26, 2011, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7017)
by Yang Xiang Alfredo Cuzzocrea Michael Hobbs Wanlei ZhouThis two volume set LNCS 7016 and LNCS 7017 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2011, held in Melbourne, Australia, in October 2011. The second volume includes 37 papers from one symposium and three workshops held together with ICA3PP 2011 main conference. These are 16 papers from the 2011 International Symposium on Advances of Distributed Computing and Networking (ADCN 2011), 10 papers of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Internet and Distributed Computing Systems (IDCS 2011), 7 papers belonging to the III International Workshop on Multicore and Multithreaded Architectures and Algorithms (M2A2 2011), as well as 4 papers of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Parallel Architectures for Bioinformatics Systems (HardBio 2011).
Algorithms and Model Formulations in Mathematical Programming (NATO ASI Subseries F: #51)
by Stein W. WallaceThe NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Algorithms and Model Formulations in Mathematical Programming" was held at Chr. Michelsen Institute in Bergen, Norway, from June 15 to June 19, 1987. The ARW was organized on behalf of the Committee on Algorithms (COAL) of the Mathematical Programming Society (MPS). Co-directors were Jan Telgen (Van Dien+Co Organisatie, Utrecht, The Netherlands) and Roger J-B Wets (The University of California at Davis, USA). 43 participants from 11 countries attended the ARW. The workshop was organized such that each day started with a - minute keynote presentation, followed by a 45-minute plenary discussion. The first part of this book contains the contributions of the five keynote speakers. The plenary discussions were taped, and the transcripts given to the keynote speakers. They have treated the transcripts differently, some by working the discussions into their papers, others by adding a section which sums up the discussions. The plenary discussions were very interesting and stimulating due to active participation of the audience. The five keynote speakers were asked to view the topic of the workshop, the interaction between algorithms and model formulations, from different perspectives. On the first day of the workshop Professor Alexander H.G. Rinnooy Kan (Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) put the theme into a larger context by his talk "Mathematical programming as an intellectual activity". This is an article of importance to any mathematical programmer who is interested in his field's history and present state.
Algorithms, Blockchain & Cryptocurrency: Implications for the Future of the Workplace (The Future of Work)
by Gavin Brown Richard WhittleThe convergence of Algorithms, Blockchain and Cryptocurrency has the potential to fundamentally disrupt the current world of work. This book investigates the effects of this on the worker, the organisation and the economy, by considering a future where the traditional power relationships between workers and firms no longer apply. Using the term “Bitwork” to define this future world of work, the book proposes the idea of the Bitworker who is highly flexible, holds multiple roles, and has multiple incomes. Chapters consider the potential winners and losers of this technological pivot by exploring implications such as: the expanding array of currencies; training and education; retirement and loyalty; profit and power within organizations; economic policy. The book’s comprehensive recommendations on how workers, organisations and nation states will need to adapt to prosper in this new world, provide a useful survival guide for researchers, practitioners and policy makers working on behavioural economics, economic policy and the future of work.
Algorithms, Blockchain & Cryptocurrency: Implications for the Future of the Workplace (The Future of Work)
by Gavin Brown Richard WhittleThe convergence of Algorithms, Blockchain and Cryptocurrency has the potential to fundamentally disrupt the current world of work. This book investigates the effects of this on the worker, the organisation and the economy, by considering a future where the traditional power relationships between workers and firms no longer apply. Using the term “Bitwork” to define this future world of work, the book proposes the idea of the Bitworker who is highly flexible, holds multiple roles, and has multiple incomes. Chapters consider the potential winners and losers of this technological pivot by exploring implications such as: the expanding array of currencies; training and education; retirement and loyalty; profit and power within organizations; economic policy. The book’s comprehensive recommendations on how workers, organisations and nation states will need to adapt to prosper in this new world, provide a useful survival guide for researchers, practitioners and policy makers working on behavioural economics, economic policy and the future of work.
Algorithms, Collusion and Competition Law: A Comparative Approach
Is competition law able to deal with algorithmic collusion? This evaluative book provides an insight into tackling this important question for competition law, with contrasting critical perspectives, including theoretical, empirical, and doctrinal – the latter frequently from a comparative perspective.Bringing together scholarly discussion on algorithmic collusion, the book questions whether competition law is adeptly equipped to deal with its various facets. With a comprehensive overview of the recent literature on algorithmic collusion, chapters offer a critical appraisal of the effectiveness of competition law to deal with algorithmic collusion. Covering a unique collection of legal, theoretical, and experimental case studies, it initiates debate among legal scholars for a better understanding of the data upon which algorithms decide prices.With a comparative identification of both the potentialities and limitations of competition law in relation to algorithmic collusion, this book will be of key value to students and scholars of competition law, economics and finance. It will also be an invaluable resource for legal practitioners and policy makers in the field.
Algorithms from and for Nature and Life: Classification and Data Analysis (Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization)
by Berthold Lausen, Dirk Van den Poel and Alfred UltschThis volume provides approaches and solutions to challenges occurring at the interface of research fields such as, e.g., data analysis, data mining and knowledge discovery, computer science, operations research, and statistics. In addition to theory-oriented contributions various application areas are included. Moreover, traditional classification research directions concerning network data, graphs, and social relationships as well as statistical musicology describe examples for current interest fields tackled by the authors. The book comprises a total of 55 selected papers presented at the Joint Conference of the German Classification Society (GfKl), the German Association for Pattern Recognition (DAGM), and the Symposium of the International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS) in 2011.
Alibaba's World: How a remarkable Chinese company is changing the face of global business
by Porter ErismanIn September 2014, a Chinese company that most Westerners had never heard of held the largest IPO in history - bigger than Google, Facebook and Twitter combined. Alibaba, now the world's largest e-commerce company, mostly escaped Western notice for over ten years, while building a customer base larger than Amazon's, and handling the bulk of e-commerce transactions in China. How did it happen? And what was it like to be along for such a revolutionary ride?In Alibaba's World, author Porter Erisman, one of Alibaba's first Western employees, who helped spearhead its international expansion, shows how Jack Ma, a Chinese schoolteacher who twice failed his college entrance exams, rose from obscurity to found Alibaba and lead it from struggling startup to the world's most dominant e-commerce player. Now, in the first English language account of Alibaba's extraordinary success, Erisman shares stories of weathering the dotcom crash, facing down eBay and Google, negotiating with the unpredictable Chinese government, and enduring the misguided advice of foreign experts, all to build the behemoth that's poised to sweep the ecommerce world today. And he analyzes Alibaba's role as a harbinger of the new global business landscape - with its focus on the East rather than the West, emerging markets over developed ones, and the nimble entrepreneur over the industry titan. As we face this near future, the story of Alibaba - and its inevitable descendants - is both essential and instructive.
Alien Thinking: How to Bring Your Breakthrough Ideas to Life
by Michael Wade Jean-Louis Barsoux Cyril Bouquet'Stuck in innovation stagnation? Read this brilliant book, and you'll break free from it' Rolf Dobelli, author of the million-copy bestseller The Art of Thinking Clearly How did a balloonist circumnavigate the earth without fuel? How did an inventor design a device that creates electrical power from human footsteps? How did the WHO figure out how to treat and reduce the transmission of Ebola? They all used ALIEN THINKING.________________ For over a decade, innovation experts Cyril Bouquet, Jean-Louis Barsoux and Michael Wade have studied individuals around the world who have made leaps of creative genius. Their research shows that they are five patterns of thinking that distinguish true innovators from the rest of us. These five patterns are marked by a flexibility and a freshness of approach that transcends conventional problem-solving:- Attention- Levitation- Imagination- Experimentation- NavigationAlien thinkers know how to free their imagination and detect hard-to-observe patterns. They practice deliberate ways to retreat from the world in order to see the big picture underlying a problem. And they prototype ideas in systematic ways to reflect feedback and the constraints of reality. Alien Thinking will help you innovate better and develop world-changing ideas of your own.________________'A sharp critique of the conventional wisdom around innovation with thought-provoking advice for how to do it better' Jake Knaap, New York Times-bestselling author'Compelling insights and powerful illustrations to enhance the innovation process' Alex Osterwalder, author of the two-million copy bestseller Business Model Generation
Alienating Labour: Workers on the Road from Socialism to Capitalism in East Germany and Hungary (International Studies in Social History #22)
by Eszter BarthaThe Communist Party dictatorships in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy—successful at the outset—in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.
Alienating Labour: Workers on the Road from Socialism to Capitalism in East Germany and Hungary (International Studies in Social History #22)
by Eszter BarthaThe Communist Party dictatorships in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy—successful at the outset—in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.
Alienating Labour: Workers on the Road from Socialism to Capitalism in East Germany and Hungary (International Studies in Social History #22)
by Eszter BarthaThe Communist Party dictatorships in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy—successful at the outset—in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.
Align: A Leadership Blueprint for Aligning Enterprise Purpose, Strategy and Organisation
by Jonathan TrevorWhy do some businesses thrive, while many more struggle and fail? A key reason – and the focus of this book – is strategic alignment. This is the careful arrangement of the various elements of an enterprise – from its business strategy to its organisation – to best support the fulfillment of its long-term purpose. The best-aligned enterprises are the best performing. Most executives recognise that their enterprises should be managed in this aligned way, but lack a robust system of thought to allow them to execute strategic alignment effectively and realise its full benefits. There are thousands of organisations globally that are operating below their potential simply because they are not aligned. This book aims to change that. In Align, Jonathan Trevor provides a blueprint for how strategic alignment can be effectively developed, implemented and sustained. Drawing upon active research at the University of Oxford's Sai¨d Business School, Jonathan also provides practical case studies and evidence-based insights – culminating in a thoughtful and compelling message to help leaders everywhere to improve their alignment and enterprise performance.
Align: A Leadership Blueprint for Aligning Enterprise Purpose, Strategy and Organisation
by Jonathan TrevorWhy do some businesses thrive, while many more struggle and fail? A key reason – and the focus of this book – is strategic alignment. This is the careful arrangement of the various elements of an enterprise – from its business strategy to its organisation – to best support the fulfillment of its long-term purpose. The best-aligned enterprises are the best performing. Most executives recognise that their enterprises should be managed in this aligned way, but lack a robust system of thought to allow them to execute strategic alignment effectively and realise its full benefits. There are thousands of organisations globally that are operating below their potential simply because they are not aligned. This book aims to change that. In Align, Jonathan Trevor provides a blueprint for how strategic alignment can be effectively developed, implemented and sustained. Drawing upon active research at the University of Oxford's Sai¨d Business School, Jonathan also provides practical case studies and evidence-based insights – culminating in a thoughtful and compelling message to help leaders everywhere to improve their alignment and enterprise performance.
Align Client and Provider Perspectives: Best Practices in IT Outsourcing
by Lionel HaasThis book develops a common understanding between the client and the provider in each of the four stages of strategic outsourcing. These stages range from discovery, where the parties envision their future collaboration; planning, where they lay the ground work for the contract and the project; building, where they effectively carry out the work; and lastly to running, where they orchestrate the relationship on a daily basis to ensure that the new, enlarged company achieves the results sought. In a simple yet direct style, it highlights the dos and don’ts the parties should bear in mind at each stage of the process and combines both the client’s and the provider’s perspectives by comparing their respective involvement at each stage of the process and considering, equally, their obligations in establishing a balanced relationship.The book is primarily intended for those in the private sector with experience of dealing with complex outsourcing situations and who are looking for the small or bigger differentiators that will support their decisions and actions. The target audiences include, on the client side: CCOs, CIOs, lawyers, procurement managers, outsourcing consultants and IT Service managers and, on the provider side: account managers, bid managers, outsourcing project managers, operation managers and service managers. However, it is also useful for anybody involved in outsourcing who is seeking to develop a global understanding of the main processes and roles upstream and downstream in the chain.
Aligned to Achieve: How to Unite Your Sales and Marketing Teams into a Single Force for Growth
by Tracy Eiler Andrea AustinA smart, practical guide to rocket-powered business growth Aligned to Achieve puts sales and marketing on the same page, creating a revenue 'dream team' that will drive your organization to new heights. Smart, practical explanations, case studies, and tips guide you toward action over theory, and dozens of examples illustrate the tangible effects of these changes in action at business-to-business companies. Written by sales and marketing executives who have made alignment work, this book is directed toward practitioners and leaders seeking to crack the code of sales and marketing alignment. Contributions by industry thought leaders and B2B executives provide fresh perspective and nuanced direction, while thoughtful, strategic, and well-supported guidance throughout helps you remove the obstacles standing in the way of your organization's financial and strategic goals. Misalignment between sales and marketing is an age-old problem—frequently lamented, but seldom addressed. As this schism grows amidst the evolving marketplace, its effects on top and bottom line performance are being felt more than ever before. This book shows you how to bring sales and marketing together effectively once and for all, leveraging their strengths to build an unstoppable force for growth. Understand the cost of misalignment and the driving forces behind it Learn strategies for improving your culture, process, leadership, and technology to initiate and support alignment Identify the best places to modify your sales and marketing programs to kickstart collaboration and cooperation between your teams Discover how other companies are uniting their sales and marketing teams into a single force for growth Walk away with practical advice on how to apply recommendation in the real world Misalignment is frustrating for everyone in sales, marketing, and leadership. It's also detrimental to your organization's performance—but the problem is not insurmountable. In fact, most of the obstacles it creates are self-inflicted, and entirely within control of leadership. Aligned to Achieve helps you identify and remove those obstacles, and build a culture of sustainable growth.
Aligned to Achieve: How to Unite Your Sales and Marketing Teams into a Single Force for Growth
by Tracy Eiler Andrea AustinA smart, practical guide to rocket-powered business growth Aligned to Achieve puts sales and marketing on the same page, creating a revenue 'dream team' that will drive your organization to new heights. Smart, practical explanations, case studies, and tips guide you toward action over theory, and dozens of examples illustrate the tangible effects of these changes in action at business-to-business companies. Written by sales and marketing executives who have made alignment work, this book is directed toward practitioners and leaders seeking to crack the code of sales and marketing alignment. Contributions by industry thought leaders and B2B executives provide fresh perspective and nuanced direction, while thoughtful, strategic, and well-supported guidance throughout helps you remove the obstacles standing in the way of your organization's financial and strategic goals. Misalignment between sales and marketing is an age-old problem—frequently lamented, but seldom addressed. As this schism grows amidst the evolving marketplace, its effects on top and bottom line performance are being felt more than ever before. This book shows you how to bring sales and marketing together effectively once and for all, leveraging their strengths to build an unstoppable force for growth. Understand the cost of misalignment and the driving forces behind it Learn strategies for improving your culture, process, leadership, and technology to initiate and support alignment Identify the best places to modify your sales and marketing programs to kickstart collaboration and cooperation between your teams Discover how other companies are uniting their sales and marketing teams into a single force for growth Walk away with practical advice on how to apply recommendation in the real world Misalignment is frustrating for everyone in sales, marketing, and leadership. It's also detrimental to your organization's performance—but the problem is not insurmountable. In fact, most of the obstacles it creates are self-inflicted, and entirely within control of leadership. Aligned to Achieve helps you identify and remove those obstacles, and build a culture of sustainable growth.
Aligning Business Processes and Information Systems: New Approaches to Continuous Quality Engineering
by Robert HeinrichBusiness processes and information systems mutually affect each other in non-trivial ways. Frequently, processes are designed without taking the systems’ impact into account, and vice versa. Missing alignment at design-time results in quality problems at run-time. Robert Heinrich gives examples from research and practice for an integrated design of process and system quality. A quality reference-model characterizes process quality and a process notation is extended to operationalize the model. Simulation is a powerful means to predict the mutual quality impact, to compare design alternatives, and to verify them against requirements. The author describes two simulation approaches and discusses interesting insights on their application in practice.
Aligning Business Strategies and Analytics: Bridging Between Theory and Practice (Advances in Analytics and Data Science #1)
by Murugan Anandarajan Teresa D. HarrisonThis book examines issues related to the alignment of business strategies and analytics. Vast amounts of data are being generated, collected, stored, processed, analyzed, distributed and used at an ever-increasing rate by organizations. Simultaneously, managers must rapidly and thoroughly understand the factors driving their business. Business Analytics is an interactive process of analyzing and exploring enterprise data to find valuable insights that can be exploited for competitive advantage. However, to gain this advantage, organizations need to create a sophisticated analytical climate within which strategic decisions are made. As a result, there is a growing awareness that alignment among business strategies, business structures, and analytics are critical to effectively develop and deploy techniques to enhance an organization’s decision-making capability. In the past, the relevance and usefulness of academic research in the area of alignment is often questioned by practitioners, but this book seeks to bridge this gap.Aligning Business Strategies and Analytics: Bridging Between Theory and Practice is comprised of twelve chapters, divided into three sections. The book begins by introducing business analytics and the current gap between academic training and the needs within the business community. Chapters 2 - 5 examines how the use of cognitive computing improves financial advice, how technology is accelerating the growth of the financial advising industry, explores the application of advanced analytics to various facets of the industry and provides the context for analytics in practice. Chapters 6 - 9 offers real-world examples of how project management professionals tackle big-data challenges, explores the application of agile methodologies, discusses the operational benefits that can be gained by implementing real-time, and a case study on human capital analytics. Chapters 10 - 11 reviews the opportunities and potential shortfall and highlights how new media marketing and analytics fostered new insights. Finally the book concludes with a look at how data and analytics are playing a revolutionary role in strategy development in the chemical industry.
Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy
by Linda HolbecheWhat difference can the aspiring HR strategist really make to business value?In the new edition of her ground-breaking book, Linda Holbeche answers this question and provides the tools and insights to help HR managers and directors add value to the organization by implementing effective HR initiatives that are aligned to core business strategies. Featuring updated profiles and case studies from top HR strategists who have used their skills to deliver a variety of key business objectives, Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy, 2nd edition provides inspiration and guidance on how to apply the theory to challenges in your organization.Learn how you can strengthen and prove the relationship between people strategy and business success through your approach to performance and development and impress at the highest levels with this new edition of an HR classic.Linda Holbeche is Director of Research and Policy at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). Linda chairs and speaks at meetings and conferences worldwide and appeared at number six in Human Resources magazine's HR most influential 2008 roll call of top industry thinkers.
Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy
by Linda HolbecheWhat difference can the aspiring HR strategist really make to business value?In the new edition of her ground-breaking book, Linda Holbeche answers this question and provides the tools and insights to help HR managers and directors add value to the organization by implementing effective HR initiatives that are aligned to core business strategies. Featuring updated profiles and case studies from top HR strategists who have used their skills to deliver a variety of key business objectives, Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy, 2nd edition provides inspiration and guidance on how to apply the theory to challenges in your organization.Learn how you can strengthen and prove the relationship between people strategy and business success through your approach to performance and development and impress at the highest levels with this new edition of an HR classic.Linda Holbeche is Director of Research and Policy at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). Linda chairs and speaks at meetings and conferences worldwide and appeared at number six in Human Resources magazine's HR most influential 2008 roll call of top industry thinkers.
Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy
by Linda HolbecheWhat difference can the aspiring HR strategist really make to business value? In the new and extensively updated edition of her ground-breaking book, Linda Holbeche answers this question and provides the tools and insights to help HR managers and directors add value to the organization by implementing effective HR initiatives that are aligned to core business strategies. This edition includes new chapters, fresh case questions, specific sector ‘twists’ like healthcare, the university sector, travel and tourism, alongside a greater mix of international case studies. Taking a more analytical approach than previous works, Holbeche discusses and explores a number of contemporary academic debates. Learn how you can strengthen and prove the relationship between people strategy and business success through your approach to performance and development and impress at the highest levels with this new edition of an HR classic.
Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy
by Linda HolbecheWhat difference can the aspiring HR strategist really make to business value? In the new and extensively updated edition of her ground-breaking book, Linda Holbeche answers this question and provides the tools and insights to help HR managers and directors add value to the organization by implementing effective HR initiatives that are aligned to core business strategies. This edition includes new chapters, fresh case questions, specific sector ‘twists’ like healthcare, the university sector, travel and tourism, alongside a greater mix of international case studies. Taking a more analytical approach than previous works, Holbeche discusses and explores a number of contemporary academic debates. Learn how you can strengthen and prove the relationship between people strategy and business success through your approach to performance and development and impress at the highest levels with this new edition of an HR classic.
Aligning Information Technology, Organization, and Strategy: Effects on Firm Performance (Markt- und Unternehmensentwicklung Markets and Organisations)
by Ferdinand MahrFerdinand Mahr develops an integrative theoretical model of IT complements such as organizational structure, human resource management, and corporate strategy. He conducts two empirical analyses of the complementarities between IT, organization, and strategy.