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Australian Women in Advertising in the Twentieth Century
by J. DickensonWhen did Australian women first enter the advertising industry? The stereotypical advertising executive might be a pony-tailed, Ferrari-driving, young-ish man, but women have worked in Australian advertising agencies from the first years of the modern industry, and today they comprise half of the industry's workforce. Australian Women in Advertising in the Twentieth Century rescues these women from their obscurity. By employing a broader definition of advertising than usual, this study reveals the important role women have played in the development of the Australian advertising industry, sheds light on women's struggle to reach the higher echelons of the industry, and considers why the popular image of the advertising executive is at such variance from the reality. The experiences of these remarkable women across a century of Australian advertising provide valuable information on the role of gender in the development of this ubiquitous industry, as well as the encroachment of consumer culture.
Australians in Shanghai: Race, Rights and Nation in Treaty Port China
by Sophie Loy-WilsonIn the first half of the twentieth century, a diverse community of Australians settled in Shanghai. There they forged a ‘China trade’, circulating goods, people and ideas across the South China Sea, from Shanghai and Hong Kong to Sydney and Melbourne. This trade has been largely forgotten in contemporary Australia, where future economic ties trump historical memory when it comes to popular perceptions of China. After the First World War, Australians turned to Chinese treaty ports, fleeing poverty and unemployment, while others sought to ‘save’ China through missionary work and socialist ideas. Chinese Australians, disillusioned by Australian racism under the White Australia Policy, arrived to participate in Chinese nation building and ended up forging business empires which survive to this day. This book follows the life trajectories of these Australians, providing a means by which we can address one of the pervading tensions of race, empire and nation in the twentieth century: the relationship between working-class aspirations for social mobility and the exclusionary and discriminatory practices of white settler societies.
Australians in Shanghai: Race, Rights and Nation in Treaty Port China
by Sophie Loy-WilsonIn the first half of the twentieth century, a diverse community of Australians settled in Shanghai. There they forged a ‘China trade’, circulating goods, people and ideas across the South China Sea, from Shanghai and Hong Kong to Sydney and Melbourne. This trade has been largely forgotten in contemporary Australia, where future economic ties trump historical memory when it comes to popular perceptions of China. After the First World War, Australians turned to Chinese treaty ports, fleeing poverty and unemployment, while others sought to ‘save’ China through missionary work and socialist ideas. Chinese Australians, disillusioned by Australian racism under the White Australia Policy, arrived to participate in Chinese nation building and ended up forging business empires which survive to this day. This book follows the life trajectories of these Australians, providing a means by which we can address one of the pervading tensions of race, empire and nation in the twentieth century: the relationship between working-class aspirations for social mobility and the exclusionary and discriminatory practices of white settler societies.
Australia's Competitiveness: From Lucky Country to Competitive Country
by Michael J. Enright Richard PettyIn this in-depth overview of Australia's economy, Michael Enright and Richard Petty — leading scholars on international competition—look at the data behind the news reports to offer a complete view of Australia's stable and wealthy economy. The book compares Australia with other similarly sized OECD economies as well as other Asia-Pacific economies and looks at fifteen international sources of data on competitiveness. It features a large-scale survey on Australian companies and offers deep insight on the country's future in terms of economics and economic policy. Revealing an honest assessment of Australia's true position in the world, the book looks at how Australian businesses see themselves and offers policy positions for government and firms to make the most of Australia's unique global economic position. Backed by CPA Australia, one of the world's largest accounting bodies Written by two global authorities on economic competitiveness Captures the thinking of more than 6,000 business leaders both within and outside of Australia Explains how Australia has weathered the global recession and looks at Australia's relationship with China For business leaders and policy makers in need of an in-depth look at the current and future state of Australia's economy, this book offers valuable and comprehensive information.
Australia's Competitiveness: From Lucky Country to Competitive Country
by Michael J. Enright Richard PettyIn this in-depth overview of Australia's economy, Michael Enright and Richard Petty — leading scholars on international competition—look at the data behind the news reports to offer a complete view of Australia's stable and wealthy economy. The book compares Australia with other similarly sized OECD economies as well as other Asia-Pacific economies and looks at fifteen international sources of data on competitiveness. It features a large-scale survey on Australian companies and offers deep insight on the country's future in terms of economics and economic policy. Revealing an honest assessment of Australia's true position in the world, the book looks at how Australian businesses see themselves and offers policy positions for government and firms to make the most of Australia's unique global economic position. Backed by CPA Australia, one of the world's largest accounting bodies Written by two global authorities on economic competitiveness Captures the thinking of more than 6,000 business leaders both within and outside of Australia Explains how Australia has weathered the global recession and looks at Australia's relationship with China For business leaders and policy makers in need of an in-depth look at the current and future state of Australia's economy, this book offers valuable and comprehensive information.
Australia’s Energy Transition: Balancing Competing Demands and Consumer Roles
by Glen CurrieThis book studies Australia, a country characterized by the highest concentration of domestic photovoltaic systems. In addition, the high level of solar energy that Australia receives makes these systems a significant part of its energy mix. International electricity system managers take note; your systems are heading this way. The energy transition is an emerging field, and few texts have been published that can help energy planners as this book does. The research presented is sociotechnical in nature, and reveals that the main challenge in the energy transition is its emerging social role. Very few works combine the social and technical fields of energy. Given its scope, the book will appeal to readers interested in policy, regulation, and energy systems, including government employees involved in energy system management all around the world.
Austria in the First Cold War, 1945-55: The Leverage of the Weak (Cold War History)
by G. BischofAt the height of the first Cold War in the early 1950s, the Western powers worried that occupied Austria might become 'Europe's Korea' and feared a Communist takeover. The Soviets exploited their occupation zone for maximum reparations. American economic aid guaranteed Austria's survival and economic reconstruction. Their military assistance turned Austria into a 'secret ally' of the West. Austrian diplomacy played a vital role in securing the Austrian treaty in bilateral negotiations with Stalin's successors in the Kremlin demonstrating the leverage of the weak in the Cold War.
The Austrian and Bloomington Schools of Political Economy (Advances in Austrian Economics #22)
by Paul Dragos Aligica Paul Lewis Virgil Henry StorrThe relationship between the Austrian tradition and Bloomington institutionalism has been part of a larger intellectual evolution of a family of schools of thought that coevolved in multiple streams over the last 100 years or so. The Bloomington scholars, once they delineated the broader parameters of their own research program, started to reconstruct, reinterpret, and in many cases simply rediscover and reinvent Austrian insights and themes. As such, they created the possibility of giving those insights and themes new interpretations and new applications, in novel circumstances with new research priorities, in particular, public administration, governance and collective action, and entrepreneurship in non-market settings. Was there a programmatic and explicit effort to recover and reinvent the Austrian tradition? The answer has to be an emphatic ‘no’. But that is precisely the reason why the Ostroms’ work should be interesting to scholars working in the Austrian tradition. The thematic convergence and the compatibility and complementarity between the Austrian and Bloomington schools is driven by their internal underlying theoretical logic and by the logic of problem solving. Upon closer inspection, the underlying familial and genealogical connections reveal themselves again and again. The convergence and interplay between these two intellectual traditions is rich and productive. On the one hand, it stands as a demonstration of the applied relevance of the set of approaches and issues that we traditionally associate with the Austrian tradition. On the other hand, it is a challenge to further explore and elaborate this area. This volume is an attempt to respond to that challenge.
The Austrian and Bloomington Schools of Political Economy (Advances in Austrian Economics #22)
by Paul Dragos Aligica Paul Lewis Virgil Henry StorrThe relationship between the Austrian tradition and Bloomington institutionalism has been part of a larger intellectual evolution of a family of schools of thought that coevolved in multiple streams over the last 100 years or so. The Bloomington scholars, once they delineated the broader parameters of their own research program, started to reconstruct, reinterpret, and in many cases simply rediscover and reinvent Austrian insights and themes. As such, they created the possibility of giving those insights and themes new interpretations and new applications, in novel circumstances with new research priorities, in particular, public administration, governance and collective action, and entrepreneurship in non-market settings. Was there a programmatic and explicit effort to recover and reinvent the Austrian tradition? The answer has to be an emphatic ‘no’. But that is precisely the reason why the Ostroms’ work should be interesting to scholars working in the Austrian tradition. The thematic convergence and the compatibility and complementarity between the Austrian and Bloomington schools is driven by their internal underlying theoretical logic and by the logic of problem solving. Upon closer inspection, the underlying familial and genealogical connections reveal themselves again and again. The convergence and interplay between these two intellectual traditions is rich and productive. On the one hand, it stands as a demonstration of the applied relevance of the set of approaches and issues that we traditionally associate with the Austrian tradition. On the other hand, it is a challenge to further explore and elaborate this area. This volume is an attempt to respond to that challenge.
Austrian Economic Perspectives on Individualism and Society: Moving Beyond Methodological Individualism
by Guinevere Liberty NellCan we improve upon both the free market and nationalization? Market socialist and other heterodox exploration of cultural and social factors can help answer this question using Austrian economic theory. This volume brings together economists and political scientists specializing in evolutionary change and spontaneous order. Spontaneous order and other Austrian theories are complemented by the consideration of cultural, social and communal interaction. Austrian Economic Perspectives on Individualism and Society bridges the gap between free market advocates stressing individual rights and individualistic culture, and left-leaning thinkers who stress social justice and a culture of social solidarity, or collectivism.
Austrian Economics: The Next Generation (Advances in Austrian Economics #23)
by Steven Horwitz Adam Martin Daniel D'AmicoAustrian Economics: The Next Generation brings together emerging and established scholars to explore the insights that can be gleaned from applying Austrian economics to a range of different topics. Spanning a variety of related disciplines, from history to politics to public policy, this collection explores a wide range of topics and how they relate to key Austrian themes. How has Austrian economics evolved over the past 40 years? What is the relationship between history and economic theory? How does the Austrian school of economics compare to other evolutionary schools of economic thought? What can public choice theory take from the concept of emergent order? What role does departmental culture play in enabling or deterring police misconduct? How do the multiple forces shaping the evolution of economic inequality interact with one another? What are the limitations of evidence-based policy? To what extent do regulatory agencies recognize key Austrian insights? How does the platform economy affect the possibilities for regulation of traditional utilities? What can a defense of market institutions rooted in market process theory learn from virtue ethics? Is a classical liberal limited state best situated to cope with the darker side of human nature, or might conservatism or social democracy perform better? This collection explores each of these topics in detail, providing fresh takes on a wide range of important topics.
Austrian Economics: The Next Generation (Advances in Austrian Economics #23)
by Steven Horwitz Adam Martin Daniel D'AmicoAustrian Economics: The Next Generation brings together emerging and established scholars to explore the insights that can be gleaned from applying Austrian economics to a range of different topics. Spanning a variety of related disciplines, from history to politics to public policy, this collection explores a wide range of topics and how they relate to key Austrian themes. How has Austrian economics evolved over the past 40 years? What is the relationship between history and economic theory? How does the Austrian school of economics compare to other evolutionary schools of economic thought? What can public choice theory take from the concept of emergent order? What role does departmental culture play in enabling or deterring police misconduct? How do the multiple forces shaping the evolution of economic inequality interact with one another? What are the limitations of evidence-based policy? To what extent do regulatory agencies recognize key Austrian insights? How does the platform economy affect the possibilities for regulation of traditional utilities? What can a defense of market institutions rooted in market process theory learn from virtue ethics? Is a classical liberal limited state best situated to cope with the darker side of human nature, or might conservatism or social democracy perform better? This collection explores each of these topics in detail, providing fresh takes on a wide range of important topics.
Austrian Economics in Debate (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics)
by Willem Keizer Bert Tieben Rudy Van ZijpThis book presents essays by an outstanding team of international specialists and covers a wide range of topics, including (inter alia) the relationships between the Austrian and Swedish theories of the business cycle, the on-going debates between Austrians and (Post) Keynesians, Schumpeter's 'Walrasian' stand in the socialist calculation debate, and the Austrian roots of Neo-Institutional economics. The studies stress the unique Austrian contributions to economic methodology and to the theory of entrepreneurship, while revealing unexpected methodological and philosophical similarities between, among others, Hayek and Marx.
Austrian Economics in Debate (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics)
by Willem Keizer Bert Tieben Rudy Van ZijpThis book presents essays by an outstanding team of international specialists and covers a wide range of topics, including (inter alia) the relationships between the Austrian and Swedish theories of the business cycle, the on-going debates between Austrians and (Post) Keynesians, Schumpeter's 'Walrasian' stand in the socialist calculation debate, and the Austrian roots of Neo-Institutional economics. The studies stress the unique Austrian contributions to economic methodology and to the theory of entrepreneurship, while revealing unexpected methodological and philosophical similarities between, among others, Hayek and Marx.
Austrian Economics in Transition: From Carl Menger to Friedrich Hayek
by H. Hagemann T. Nishizawa Y. IkedaThis book analyzes both the consistent and changing elements in the Austrian School of Economics since its foundation in the late 19th Century up to the recent offspring of this School. It investigates the dynamic metamorphosis of the school, mainly with reference to its contact with representatives of history of economic thought.
Austrian Economics, Money and Finance (Banking, Money and International Finance)
by Thomas MayerThe financial crisis has exposed severe shortcomings in mainstream monetary economics and modern finance. It is surprising that these shortcomings have not led to a wider debate about the need to overhaul these theories. Instead, mainstream economists have closed ranks to defend existing theories and public authorities have expanded their interference in markets. This book investigates the problems associated with mainstream monetary economics and finance, and proposes alternatives based on the Austrian school of economics. This school emanated from the work of the nineteenth-century Austrian economist Carl Menger and was developed further by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich August von Hayek. In monetary economics, the Austrian school regards the creation of money by banks through credit extension as a key source of economic instability. From this follows the need for a comprehensive reform of our present monetary system. In a new monetary order, money could be issued by both public and private institutions, and there would be no need for fractional reserve banking. Instead of creating money, banks would intermediate it. In finance, the Austrian school rejects the notion of rational expectations and measurable risk. Individuals use their subjective knowledge to gather and evaluate information, and they act in a world of radical uncertainty. Hence, markets are not "efficient" nor can portfolios be built on the basis of known probability distributions of asset prices as described in the modern finance literature. This book explores the need for a new theoretical foundation for asset pricing and investment management that will give practitioners more useful orientation.
Austrian Economics, Money and Finance (Banking, Money and International Finance)
by Thomas MayerThe financial crisis has exposed severe shortcomings in mainstream monetary economics and modern finance. It is surprising that these shortcomings have not led to a wider debate about the need to overhaul these theories. Instead, mainstream economists have closed ranks to defend existing theories and public authorities have expanded their interference in markets. This book investigates the problems associated with mainstream monetary economics and finance, and proposes alternatives based on the Austrian school of economics. This school emanated from the work of the nineteenth-century Austrian economist Carl Menger and was developed further by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich August von Hayek. In monetary economics, the Austrian school regards the creation of money by banks through credit extension as a key source of economic instability. From this follows the need for a comprehensive reform of our present monetary system. In a new monetary order, money could be issued by both public and private institutions, and there would be no need for fractional reserve banking. Instead of creating money, banks would intermediate it. In finance, the Austrian school rejects the notion of rational expectations and measurable risk. Individuals use their subjective knowledge to gather and evaluate information, and they act in a world of radical uncertainty. Hence, markets are not "efficient" nor can portfolios be built on the basis of known probability distributions of asset prices as described in the modern finance literature. This book explores the need for a new theoretical foundation for asset pricing and investment management that will give practitioners more useful orientation.
Austrian Economics Re-examined: The Economics of Time and Ignorance (Routledge Foundations of the Market Economy)
by Gerald P O'Driscoll Jr Mario RizzoAustrian Economics Re-examined: The Economics of Time and Ignorance is an expanded version of the 1996 edition of The Economics of Time and Ignorance. This work is a classic statement of the role of subjectivism, radical uncertainty and change through real time in Austrian economics specifically, and in modern economics more generally. The new book contains the full text and Introductions of the earlier edition as well as the comprehensive previously-unpublished essay "What is Austrian Economics?" and a new Introduction. The essay is a comprehensive overview of the central themes of the book from a somewhat different perspective than in the book itself. It supplements the analysis in the book. The new Introduction explains that the 2007-8 financial crisis and recent developments in behavioural economics have made the book more relevant than ever before. Austrian Economic Re-examined develops and systematizes the fundamental principles of the Austrian tradition to the analysis of rational expectations, business cycles, monetary theory competition and monopoly, and capital theory.
Austrian Economics Re-examined: The Economics of Time and Ignorance (Routledge Foundations of the Market Economy)
by Gerald P O'Driscoll Jr Mario RizzoAustrian Economics Re-examined: The Economics of Time and Ignorance is an expanded version of the 1996 edition of The Economics of Time and Ignorance. This work is a classic statement of the role of subjectivism, radical uncertainty and change through real time in Austrian economics specifically, and in modern economics more generally. The new book contains the full text and Introductions of the earlier edition as well as the comprehensive previously-unpublished essay "What is Austrian Economics?" and a new Introduction. The essay is a comprehensive overview of the central themes of the book from a somewhat different perspective than in the book itself. It supplements the analysis in the book. The new Introduction explains that the 2007-8 financial crisis and recent developments in behavioural economics have made the book more relevant than ever before. Austrian Economic Re-examined develops and systematizes the fundamental principles of the Austrian tradition to the analysis of rational expectations, business cycles, monetary theory competition and monopoly, and capital theory.
Austrian Economics: Tensions and New Directions (Recent Economic Thought #30)
by Bruce J. Caldwell Stephan BöhmWhen we first invited the group of distinguished scholars represented here to contribute to a new volume on Austrian economics, four themes were stressed: tensions, new directions, selectivity, and criticism. In this brief introduction we will explain why those themes were emphasized and thereby shed light on our intentions and aspirations for the volume. The subtitle "Tensions and New Directions" indicates clearly the intent of the volume desired. If we take the 1871 publication of Carl Menger's Principles of Economics (Grundsiitze der Volkswirthschaftslehre) as mark ing its birth, the Austrian tradition is now well over one hundred years old. The origins of the so-called "Austrian Revival" are more difficult to pinpoint precisely, but many would accept two decades as a reasonable estimate of its lifespan. In any case, since the mid-1970s several collections of articles written by Austrians have been published. The intent of these collections appeared to be to educate, persuade, and inspire various audiences. Uninformed readers needed to be told about the specifics of the Austrian position, to be shown how it differed from and improved upon its rivals. The initiated needed to be reassured that their commitment to a novel program was justified. As such, much of the recent Austrian literature has consisted either of exegetical accounts of the views of past figures, or of critical assessments of the positions of alternative research programs in economics from an Austrian perspective.
Austrian Reconstruction and the Collapse of Global Finance, 1921–1931
by Nathan MarcusAlthough some statesmen and historians have pinned Austria’s—and the world’s—interwar economic implosion on financial colonialism, in this corrective history Nathan Marcus deemphasizes the negative role of external players and points to the greater impact of domestic malfeasance and predatory speculation on Austrian political and financial decline.
Austrian Reconstruction and the Collapse of Global Finance, 1921–1931
by Nathan MarcusAlthough some statesmen and historians have pinned Austria’s—and the world’s—interwar economic implosion on financial colonialism, in this corrective history Nathan Marcus deemphasizes the negative role of external players and points to the greater impact of domestic malfeasance and predatory speculation on Austrian political and financial decline.
The Austrian School of Economics in the 21st Century: Evolution and Impact (Contributions to Economics)
by Annette Godart-van der Kroon Joseph SalernoThis book provides an overview of the evolution and theories of the Austrian School of Economics and develops answers to current economic questions and the pressing problems of the 21st century from the Austrian perspective. Readers will learn about the fundamental ideas of the Austrian School, the current state of Austrian economics, and the intellectual figures and institutions that sustain it as a vibrant intellectual movement. International experts on Austrian economics cover topics such as the economic impact of pandemics, trade blocs, federalism and European integration, and the economic development of China. The book also discusses the influence of the Austrian School on modern economic thought and mainstream economics, as well as on policymakers. It will appeal to students and scholars of economics and to anyone interested in social and economic liberalism.
Austrian Theory and Economic Organization: Reaching Beyond Free Market Boundaries
by Guinevere Liberty NellThe Austrian economic school famously predicted and explained the problems of calculation in a socialist society. With their concept of spontaneous order, they challenged mainstream economists to look beyond simplified static models and consider the dynamic and evolutionary characteristics of social orders. However, many feel that Austrians took their victory too far and became ideologically devoted to laissez-faire. Austrian Theory and Economic Organization is a collection of essays on problems and possibilities in economic organization, written by economists and political scientists with an interest in the dynamic and evolutionary nature of market economies. Each chapter explores areas of potential agreement between Austrian theory, market socialist economics, and other heterodox schools of economic and political science. The collection aims to bridge cultural and political divisions between free market advocates who stress individual rights and left-leaning thinkers who stress social justice and a culture of solidarity.
Austrian Theory of Capital and Business Cycle: A Modern Approach
by Pavel PotuzakThis book explores Austrian capital theory and Austrian business theory from the perspective of modern economics. Sustainable change within the production structure is examined in relation to time preference, the Böhm-Bawerkian theory of capital and interest, and the Hayek Triangle. In turn, the impact of monetary shocks and boom-bust cycles is detailed, with a particular focus on the Ricardo Effect, dynamics of money supply, and the natural rate of interest. This book aims to present a new framework for Austrian economics that will make these ideas applicable to both mainstream economic models and modern economists. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought and the political economy.