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Modeling Companion for Software Practitioners

This book uses a variety of applications to illustrate a modeling method that helps practitioners to manage complex software-intensive systems. The proposed method relies on the combination of its abstraction concept and its operational character, with behavioral models in the precise and simple form of Abstract State Machines (ASMs).The book introduces both the modeling method (Part I) and the available tool support (Part II): In Part I the authors detail (using numerous examples) how to construct, explain, debug, explore, extend and reuse accurate system design models, starting from scratch. Only an elementary knowledge of common mathematical (including set-theoretic) notation and some basic experience with computational processes (systems, programs, algorithms) is assumed. Part II then shows how the modeling method can be supported by implementing tools that make design models executable and debuggable.To illustrate how to build, debug and maintain systems and to explain their construction in a checkable manner, a general, problem-oriented refinement method is adopted to construct system models from components. The method starts with abstract models and refines them step by step, incrementally adding further details that eventually lead to code.Intended for practitioners who build software intensive systems, and students specializing in software engineering, it can be used both for self-study and for teaching, and it can serve as a reference book. Exercises are included to help readers check their understanding of the explained concepts. For many models defined in the book, refinements to executable versions can be downloaded for experimental validation from the book’s website at http://modelingbook.informatik.uni-ulm.de

Modeling Complex Linguistic Information to Support Group Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Theories, Methods and Applications (Uncertainty and Operations Research)

This book systematically explores theories related to linguistic computational models and group decision making methods under uncertainty. It introduces innovative linguistic computational models capable of fusing complex linguistic information, including multi-granular linguistic information, unbalanced linguistic information and hesitant fuzzy linguistic information. Building upon the linguistic computational models, this book presents methods tailored to various types of group decision making problems under uncertainty. Additionally, it delves into group decision making problems where the personalized individual semantics of experts are considered. The book also showcases practical applications of the proposed group decision making methods, ranging from ERP system supplier selection to talent recruitment, subway line selection, and location selection for electric vehicle charging stations. By shedding light on novel models for modeling complex linguistic information and introducing new approaches to addressing linguistic group decision making challenges, this book offers valuable insights for engineers, researchers, and postgraduates interested in decision analysis, operations research, computational intelligence, management science and engineering, and related fields.

Modeling Data Irregularities and Structural Complexities in Data Envelopment Analysis

In a relatively short period of time, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has grown into a powerful analytical tool for measuring and evaluating performance. DEA is computational at its core and this book is one of several Springer aim to publish on the subject. This work deals with the micro aspects of handling and modeling data issues in DEA problems. It is a handbook treatment dealing with specific data problems, including imprecise data and undesirable outputs.

Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence: Second International Conference, MDAI 2005, Tsukuba, Japan, July 25-27, 2005, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3558)

This volume contains papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Arti?cial Intelligence (MDAI 2005), held in Tsukuba, Japan, July 25–27. This conference follows MDAI 2004 (held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain), the proceedings of which were also published in the LNAI series (Vol. 3131). The aim of this conference was to provide a forum for researchers to discuss about theory and tools for modeling decisions, as well as applications that - compass decision-making processes and information fusion techniques. In this second edition, special focus was given to applications related to risk, security and safety. The organizers received 118 papers, from 14 di?erent countries, 40 of which are published in this volume. Each submission received at least two reviews from the Program Committee and a few external reviewers. We would like to express our gratitude to them for their work. The plenary talks presented at the conference are also included in this volume. The conference was supported by the Department of Risk Engineering of the University of Tsukuba, the Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics (SOFT), the Catalan Association for Arti?cial Intelligence (ACIA), the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2004XT 0004).

Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence: 4th International Conference, MDAI 2007, Kitakyushu, Japan, August 16-18, 2007, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4617)

Decision modeling is a key area in the developing field of AI, and this timely work connects researchers and professionals with the very latest research. It constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence, held in Kitakyushu, Japan, in August 2007. The 42 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited lectures are devoted to theory and tools, as well as applications.

Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence: First International Conference, MDAI 2004, Barcelona, Spain, August 2-4, 2004, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3131)

Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence: Third International Conference, MDAI 2006, Tarragona, Spain, April 3-5, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3885)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence, MDAI 2006, held in Tarragona, Spain, in April 2006. The 31 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited lectures were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 97 submissions. The papers are devoted to theory and tools for modeling decisions, as well as applications that encompass decision making processes and information fusion techniques.

Modeling Dependence in Econometrics: Selected Papers Of The Seventh International Conference Of The Thailand Econometric Society, Faculty Of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, January 8-10 2014 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #251)

In economics, many quantities are related to each other. Such economic relations are often much more complex than relations in science and engineering, where some quantities are independence and the relation between others can be well approximated by linearfunctions. As a result of this complexity, when we apply traditional statistical techniques - developed for science and engineering - to process economic data, the inadequate treatment of dependence leads to misleading models and erroneous predictions. Some economists even blamed such inadequate treatment of dependence for the 2008 financial crisis.To make economic models more adequate, we need more accurate techniques for describing dependence. Such techniques are currently being developed. This book contains description of state-of-the-art techniques for modeling dependence and economic applications ofthese techniques. Most of these research developments are centered around the notion of a copula - a general way of describing dependence in probability theory and statistics. To be even more adequate, many papers go beyond traditional copula techniques andtake into account, e.g., the dynamical (changing) character of the dependence in economics.

Modeling Design Objects and Processes (Computer Graphics: Systems and Applications)

A little more than a decade ago my colleagues and I faced the necessity for providing a database management system which might commonly serve a number of different types of computer aided design applications at different manufacturing enterprises. We evaluated some wellknown cases of conceptual models and commercially available DBMSs, and found none fuHy meeting the requirements. Yet the analysis of them led us to the development of what we named the Logical Structure Management System (LMS). Syntactically the LMS language is somewhat similar to ALPHA by E. F. Codd. The underly­ ing conceptual model is entirely different from that of the relational model, however. LMS has been since put into practical use, meanwhile a further ef­ fort in search of asound theoretical base and a concrete linguistic framework for true product modeling together with comparative studies of various ap­ proaches has been made. Here, the term product modeling is used to signify the construction of informational models of design objects and design pro­ cesses in which it must be possible to include not a fixed set of attributes and relations, such as geometry, physical properties, part-of hierarchy, etc. , but whatever aspects of design designers may desire to be included. The purpose of this book is to present the major results of the said effort, which are primarily of a theoretical or conceptual nature. Following the intro­ duction (Chap.

Modeling Discrete Competitive Facility Location (SpringerBriefs in Optimization)

This book presents an up-to-date review of modeling and optimization approaches for location problems along with a new bi-level programming methodology which captures the effect of competition of both producers and customers on facility location decisions. While many optimization approaches simplify location problems by assuming decision making in isolation, this monograph focuses on models which take into account the competitive environment in which such decisions are made. New insights in modeling, algorithmic and theoretical possibilities are opened by this approach and new applications are possible. Competition on equal term plus competition between market leader and followers are considered in this study, consequently bi-level optimization methodology is emphasized and further developed. This book provides insights regarding modeling complexity and algorithmic approaches to discrete competitive location problems. In traditional location modeling, assignment of customer demands to supply sources are made for which the associated costs target the firm and not the customers, though in many real world situations the cost is incurred by the customers. Moreover, there may be customer competition for the provided services. Thus, a new methodological framework is needed in order to encompass such considerations into the modeling and solution process. This book offers initial directions for further research and development along these lines. Aimed toward graduate students and researchers in the field of mathematics, computer science, operational research and game theory, this title provides necessary information on which further research contributions can be based.

Modeling Dynamic Economic Systems (Modeling Dynamic Systems)

The frontiers of physical science and technology commanded attention dur­ ing the last two centuries. In the next century lies the frontier of better un­ derstanding of the behavior of social and economic systems. Ruth and Hannon join many other pioneers exploring this new frontier. By building on the profession of system dynamics, Ruth and Hannon con­ tribute to movement away from purely mental models, which necessarily lack adequate precision, toward more insightful and disciplined computer simulation models. The STELLA software used in this book is one of several computer applications created to implement the concepts of system dynam­ ics, a discipline that has been developed over the last 40 years and now ex­ tends into many fields of activity. System dynamics is beginning, even in kindergarten through 12th grade education, to provide a rigorous founda­ tion for dealing with dynamic change in mathematics, physics, social stud­ ies, environment, history, and even literature. Education at every level will be changing from teaching isolated facts to allowing students to explore those systems within which facts, policies, and individual relationships are embedded to develop their ability to think in terms of dynamic systems. This book includes elementary instruction in system dynamics modeling and in the STELLA software. It covers a wide range of material from simple building blocks of systems to models and mathematics of considerable complexity. The material opens many avenues for further exploration, re­ finement, and simplification.

Modeling Dynamic Economic Systems (Modeling Dynamic Systems)

This book explores the dynamic processes in economic systems, concentrating on the extraction and use of the natural resources required to meet economic needs. Sections cover methods for dynamic modeling in economics, microeconomic models of firms, modeling optimal use of both nonrenewable and renewable resources, and chaos in economic models. This book does not require a substantial background in mathematics or computer science.

Modeling Dynamic Transportation Networks: An Intelligent Transportation System Oriented Approach

This book seeks to summarize our recent progress in dynamic trans­ portation network modeling. It concentrates on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times and their corresponding solution algorithms. In contrast, our first book DynamIc Urban Transportation Network Models - The­ ory and Implications for Intelligent Vehicle-Hzghway Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1994) focused on instantaneous dynamic network models. Comparing the two books, the major differences can be summarized as follows: 1. This book uses the variational inequality problem as the basic formulation approach and considers the optimal control problem as a subproblem for solution purposes. The former book used optimal control theory as the basic formulation approach, which caused critical problems in some circumstances. 2. This book focuses on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times. The former book focused on instantaneous dynamic network models based on currently prevailing travel times. 3. This book formulates a stochastic dynamic route choice model which can utilize any possible route choice distribution function instead of only the logit function. 4. This book reformulates the bilevel problem of combined departure time/ route choice as a one-level variational inequality. 5. Finally, a set of problems is provided for classroom use. In addition, this book offers comprehensive insights into the complexity and challenge of applying these dynamic network models to Intelligent Trans­ portation Systems (ITS). Nevertheless, the models in this text are not yet fully evaluated and are subject to revision based on future research.

Modeling, Dynamics, Optimization and Bioeconomics I: Contributions from ICMOD 2010 and the 5th Bioeconomy Conference 2012 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #73)

This volume explores the emerging and current, cutting-edge theories and methods of modeling, optimization, dynamics and bio economy. It provides an overview of the main issues, results and open questions in these fields as well as covers applications to biology, economy, energy, industry, physics, psychology and finance.The majority of the contributed papers for this volume come from the participants of the International Conference on Modeling, Optimization and Dynamics (ICMOD 2010), a satellite conference of EURO XXIV Lisbon 2010, which took place at Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Portugal and from the Berkeley Bio economy Conference 2012, at the University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Modeling, Dynamics, Optimization and Bioeconomics III: DGS IV, Madrid, Spain, June 2016, and Bioeconomy VIII, Berkeley, USA, April 2015 – Selected Contributions (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #224)

The research and review papers presented in this volume provide an overview of the main issues, findings, and open questions in cutting-edge research on the fields of modeling, optimization and dynamics and their applications to biology, economics, energy, finance, industry, physics and psychology. Given the scientific relevance of the innovative applications and emerging issues they address, the contributions to this volume, written by some of the world’s leading experts in mathematics, economics and other applied sciences, will be seminal to future research developments and will spark future works and collaborations. The majority of the papers presented in this volume were written by participants of the 4th International Conference on Dynamics, Games and Science: Decision Models in a Complex Economy (DGS IV), held at the National Distance Education University (UNED) in Madrid, Spain in June 2016 and of the 8th Berkeley Bioeconomy Conference: The Future of Biofuels, held at the UC Berkeley Alumni House in April 2015.

Modeling, Dynamics, Optimization and Bioeconomics IV: DGS VI JOLATE, Madrid, Spain, May 2018, and ICABR, Berkeley, USA, May–June 2017—Selected Contributions (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #365)

This book, following the three published volumes of the book, provides the main purpose to collect research papers and review papers to provide an overview of the main issues, results, and open questions in the cutting-edge research on the fields of modeling, optimization, and dynamics and their applications to biology, economy, energy, industry, physics, psychology and finance. Assuming the scientific relevance of the presenting innovative applications as well as merging issues in these areas, the purpose of this book is to collect papers of the world experts in mathematics, economics, and other applied sciences that is seminal to the future research developments. The majority of the papers presented in this book is authored by the participants in The Joint Meeting 6th International Conference on Dynamics, Games, and Science – DGSVI – JOLATE and in the 21st ICABR Conference. The scientific scope of the conferences is focused on the fields of modeling, optimization, and dynamics and their applications to biology, economy, energy, industry, physics, psychology, and finance. Assuming the scientific relevance of the presenting innovative applications as well as merging issues in these areas, the purpose of the conference is to bring together some of the world experts in mathematics, economics, and other applied sciences that reinforce ongoing projects and establish future works and collaborations.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Belarus (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

Since 1991, the eyes of the world have been on the economic growth and development of the states that formerly made up the Soviet Union. Looking at Belarus’s industrial structure, economic growth, and economic prospects, this edited collection analyses why Belarus is considered ahead of many of its neighbour states in terms of human development. Looking across both medium- and long-term economic growth, editor Bruno S. Sergi brings together a cast of expert contributors to analyse the foreign and domestic policies that affect Belarus’s economy. Across the 20 chapters included in the book, the contributors explore the largest industries in Belarus, including the financial, technology, tourism, and energy industries. With chapters on foreign investments, exports and imports, and regional policy, this is a text that looks across the whole breadth of the economy. Finally, the contributors suggest factors to increase the growth of Belarus’s economy, such as launching smart cities, expanding logistic services and the tourism and hospitality industry, and the modernization of the agrarian sector. For students and researchers in political economy, or international economics, this is a vital text exploring an important, but underrepresented, economy.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Belarus (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

Since 1991, the eyes of the world have been on the economic growth and development of the states that formerly made up the Soviet Union. Looking at Belarus’s industrial structure, economic growth, and economic prospects, this edited collection analyses why Belarus is considered ahead of many of its neighbour states in terms of human development. Looking across both medium- and long-term economic growth, editor Bruno S. Sergi brings together a cast of expert contributors to analyse the foreign and domestic policies that affect Belarus’s economy. Across the 20 chapters included in the book, the contributors explore the largest industries in Belarus, including the financial, technology, tourism, and energy industries. With chapters on foreign investments, exports and imports, and regional policy, this is a text that looks across the whole breadth of the economy. Finally, the contributors suggest factors to increase the growth of Belarus’s economy, such as launching smart cities, expanding logistic services and the tourism and hospitality industry, and the modernization of the agrarian sector. For students and researchers in political economy, or international economics, this is a vital text exploring an important, but underrepresented, economy.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Czechia (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

Czechia has been a member state of the European Union for more than eighteen years. During this time, the Czech economy has undertaken a significant transformation. In the past decade alone, the Czech economy has had to cope with several external and internal shocks – the effects of the financial crisis and the subsequent crisis of the real economy, internal recession, and significant economic growth interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Separated into four distinct parts, Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Czechia explores economic growth in Czechia from the perspectives of the dynamics of the economy, setting up of the economic policies, functioning of the markets and institutions, and the contribution of specific industry sectors to economic growth. Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth is Emerald's cutting edge Global Economic Growth book series, presenting modern examinations of economic growth at national, regional, and global levels. Each book in this series discusses different dimensions of the changing economic and industrial contexts and examines in detail their impact on the nature of growth and development.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Czechia (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

Czechia has been a member state of the European Union for more than eighteen years. During this time, the Czech economy has undertaken a significant transformation. In the past decade alone, the Czech economy has had to cope with several external and internal shocks – the effects of the financial crisis and the subsequent crisis of the real economy, internal recession, and significant economic growth interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Separated into four distinct parts, Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Czechia explores economic growth in Czechia from the perspectives of the dynamics of the economy, setting up of the economic policies, functioning of the markets and institutions, and the contribution of specific industry sectors to economic growth. Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth is Emerald's cutting edge Global Economic Growth book series, presenting modern examinations of economic growth at national, regional, and global levels. Each book in this series discusses different dimensions of the changing economic and industrial contexts and examines in detail their impact on the nature of growth and development.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Greece (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

In the aftermath of the devastating economic depression suffered for almost a decade, Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Greece assesses the conditions shaping the Greek economy's restart, discussing the effect of institutions on the business environment and highlighting the factors which are critical for achieving sustainable economic growth. The intrinsic properties of the Greek economic and business environment imply that there are country-specific factors responsible for the performance of the Greek economy, which is differentiated from its European counterparts. Despite being a member of the European Union since 1981 and one of the twelve first countries who adopted the euro, Greece has not been able to converge in crucial macroeconomic indicators with the early euro area Member States. The European stimulus package to support post COVID-19 recovery appears as a unique opportunity for Greece to develop a long-term vision and materialize reforms that will unlock the economy's true potential. This latest book in the Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth series is centred around the determinants of and obstacles to Greece’s sustainable economic growth, presenting the macroeconomic and external environment and the dynamics of Greek economy and focuses onto internal conditions shaped by country-specific characteristics affecting labor and product markets’ efficiency and the performance of institutions and production factors.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Greece (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

In the aftermath of the devastating economic depression suffered for almost a decade, Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Greece assesses the conditions shaping the Greek economy's restart, discussing the effect of institutions on the business environment and highlighting the factors which are critical for achieving sustainable economic growth. The intrinsic properties of the Greek economic and business environment imply that there are country-specific factors responsible for the performance of the Greek economy, which is differentiated from its European counterparts. Despite being a member of the European Union since 1981 and one of the twelve first countries who adopted the euro, Greece has not been able to converge in crucial macroeconomic indicators with the early euro area Member States. The European stimulus package to support post COVID-19 recovery appears as a unique opportunity for Greece to develop a long-term vision and materialize reforms that will unlock the economy's true potential. This latest book in the Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth series is centred around the determinants of and obstacles to Greece’s sustainable economic growth, presenting the macroeconomic and external environment and the dynamics of Greek economy and focuses onto internal conditions shaped by country-specific characteristics affecting labor and product markets’ efficiency and the performance of institutions and production factors.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Hong Kong (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

Serving up fresh insights on Hong Kong's economic growth, this book investigates issues such as housing, immigration, monetary and financial systems, the business environment, and international trade and finance to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview of Hong Kong’s position in the global economy. Exploring these interrelated topics chapter-by-chapter, the authors cover contemporary macroeconomic topics such as government policies supporting structural changes of the Hong Kong economy challenges to the pillars of Hong Kong’s economic growth, factors determining the success and failure of emerging sectors, the impacts of the linked exchange rate system on the financial and monetary markets, the tightening integration between the Hong Kong and Mainland China economies, Hong Kong’s real estate market and its socio-economic impact, regional competition, and the operation and contribution of Mainland Chinese enterprises in Hong Kong. With broad application across several courses, this book is appealing reading to researchers in the fields of economic policy, economic growth, financial modelling, and more.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Hong Kong (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

Serving up fresh insights on Hong Kong's economic growth, this book investigates issues such as housing, immigration, monetary and financial systems, the business environment, and international trade and finance to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview of Hong Kong’s position in the global economy. Exploring these interrelated topics chapter-by-chapter, the authors cover contemporary macroeconomic topics such as government policies supporting structural changes of the Hong Kong economy challenges to the pillars of Hong Kong’s economic growth, factors determining the success and failure of emerging sectors, the impacts of the linked exchange rate system on the financial and monetary markets, the tightening integration between the Hong Kong and Mainland China economies, Hong Kong’s real estate market and its socio-economic impact, regional competition, and the operation and contribution of Mainland Chinese enterprises in Hong Kong. With broad application across several courses, this book is appealing reading to researchers in the fields of economic policy, economic growth, financial modelling, and more.

Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary India (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth)

Despite rapid economic growth, the Indian economy is facing numerous social and developmental challenges which are a major hindrance to sustainability. This volume of the Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth series sheds light on economic and social challenges, policy reforms, and future dynamics and solutions. Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary India focuses on core topics of economic disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, changes in socio-cultural relationships, behavioural patterns and psychological attitudes governing human interaction, and government policies to stabilize the Indian economy and contribute to sustainable growth. Topics are explored such as macroeconomics, trade, manufacturing, agriculture and tourism to thoroughly examine the challenges to economic growth throughout India. Scholars, researchers, policy makers and management practitioners will benefit from understanding the effects of the pandemic in economic and social well-being terms to facilitate growth and fuel sustainable development strategies in India.