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The Participatory Cultures Handbook

How did we get from Hollywood to YouTube? What makes Wikipedia so different from a traditional encyclopedia? Has blogging dismantled journalism as we know it? Our media landscape has undergone a seismic shift as digital technology has fostered the rise of "participatory culture," in which knowledge is originated, created, distributed, and evaluated in radically new ways. The Participatory Cultures Handbook is an indispensable, interdisciplinary guide to this rapidly changing terrain. With short, accessible essays from leading geographers, political scientists, communication theorists, game designers, activists, policy makers, physicists, and poets, this volume will introduce students to the concept of participatory culture, explain how researchers approach participatory culture studies, and provide original examples of participatory culture in action. Topics include crowdsourcing, crisis mapping, grid computing, digital activism in authoritarian countries, collaborative poetry, collective intelligence, participatory budgeting, and the relationship between video games and civic engagement. Contributors include: Daren Brabham, Helen Burgess, Clay Calvert, Mia Consalvo, Kelly Czarnecki, David M. Faris, Dieter Fuchs, Owen Gallagher, Clive Goodinson, Alexander Halvais, Cynthia Hawkins, John Heaven, The Jannissary Collective, Henry Jenkins, Barry Joseph, Christopher Kelty, Pierre Lévy, Sophia B. Liu, Rolf Luehrs, Patrick Meier, Jason Mittell, Sarah Pearce, W. James Potter, Howard Rheingold, Suzanne Scott, Benjamin Stokes, Thomas Swiss, Paul Taylor, Will Venters, Jen Ziemke

Participatory Journalism: Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers

Who makes the news in a digital age? Participatory Journalism offers fascinating insights into how journalists in Western democracies are thinking about, and dealing with, the inclusion of content produced and published by the public. A timely look at digital news, the changes it is bringing for journalists and an industry in crisis Original data throughout, in the form of in-depth interviews with dozens of journalists at leading news organizations in ten Western democracies Provides a unique model of the news-making process and its openness to user participation in five stages Gives a first-hand look at the workings and challenges of online journalism on a global scale, through data that has been seamlessly combined so that each chapter presents the views of journalists in many nations, highlighting both similarities and differences, both national and individual

Participatory Journalism: Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers

Who makes the news in a digital age? Participatory Journalism offers fascinating insights into how journalists in Western democracies are thinking about, and dealing with, the inclusion of content produced and published by the public. A timely look at digital news, the changes it is bringing for journalists and an industry in crisis Original data throughout, in the form of in-depth interviews with dozens of journalists at leading news organizations in ten Western democracies Provides a unique model of the news-making process and its openness to user participation in five stages Gives a first-hand look at the workings and challenges of online journalism on a global scale, through data that has been seamlessly combined so that each chapter presents the views of journalists in many nations, highlighting both similarities and differences, both national and individual

Participatory Politics and Citizen Journalism in a Networked Africa: A Connected Continent

This book investigates the role of citizen journalism in railroading social and political changes in sub-Saharan Africa. Case studies are drawn from research conducted by leading scholars from the fields of media studies, journalism, anthropology and history, who uniquely probe the real impact of technologies in driving change in Africa.

Participatory Worlds: The limits of audience participation (ISSN)

This book is an in-depth analysis of participatory worlds, practices beyond the mainstream models of content production and IP management that allow audience members to contribute canonically to the expansion of storyworlds, blurring the line between the traditional roles of consumers and producers.Shifting discussions of participatory culture and cross-media production and consumption practices to more independent media contexts, the book explores the limits, borders and boundaries of participating in today’s digital media storyworlds. The text examines how audience participation works, identifying opportunities to make it a meaningful practice for audiences and an asset for IP owners, and discussing the challenges and barriers that the application of participatory culture brings along. The book defines what meaningful participation is by introducing the concept of ‘intervention’ and explains a range of factors impacting the way in which participatory worlds and relationships between producers, audiences and the world are shaped.This volume will be of great relevance to media practitioners, scholars and students interested in transmedia storytelling, fandom, literary studies and comparative literature, new media and digital culture, gaming and media studies.

Participatory Worlds: The limits of audience participation (ISSN)

This book is an in-depth analysis of participatory worlds, practices beyond the mainstream models of content production and IP management that allow audience members to contribute canonically to the expansion of storyworlds, blurring the line between the traditional roles of consumers and producers.Shifting discussions of participatory culture and cross-media production and consumption practices to more independent media contexts, the book explores the limits, borders and boundaries of participating in today’s digital media storyworlds. The text examines how audience participation works, identifying opportunities to make it a meaningful practice for audiences and an asset for IP owners, and discussing the challenges and barriers that the application of participatory culture brings along. The book defines what meaningful participation is by introducing the concept of ‘intervention’ and explains a range of factors impacting the way in which participatory worlds and relationships between producers, audiences and the world are shaped.This volume will be of great relevance to media practitioners, scholars and students interested in transmedia storytelling, fandom, literary studies and comparative literature, new media and digital culture, gaming and media studies.

Partitional Clustering Algorithms

This book focuses on partitional clustering algorithms, which are commonly used in engineering and computer scientific applications. The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in partitional clustering. The book includes such topics as center-based clustering, competitive learning clustering and density-based clustering. Each chapter is contributed by a leading expert in the field.

Partitional Clustering via Nonsmooth Optimization: Clustering via Optimization (Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning)

This book describes optimization models of clustering problems and clustering algorithms based on optimization techniques, including their implementation, evaluation, and applications. The book gives a comprehensive and detailed description of optimization approaches for solving clustering problems; the authors' emphasis on clustering algorithms is based on deterministic methods of optimization. The book also includes results on real-time clustering algorithms based on optimization techniques, addresses implementation issues of these clustering algorithms, and discusses new challenges arising from big data. The book is ideal for anyone teaching or learning clustering algorithms. It provides an accessible introduction to the field and it is well suited for practitioners already familiar with the basics of optimization.

Partizipation für alle und alles?: Fallstricke, Grenzen und Möglichkeiten

Basierend auf einer Darstellung herausfordernder Projekte, diskutiert der Band Grenzen der politischen Partizipation in Deutschland und identifiziert Erfolgsfaktoren. Zunächst rücken ausgewählte Projekte in das Blickfeld, bei denen Bemühungen um mehr Partizipation nicht immer zum gewünschten Ergebnis führten. Grenzen der Beteiligung im politischen System der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden systematisch analysiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund arbeiten mehrere Beiträge schließlich Erfolgsfaktoren für Partizipation heraus. So entsteht ein fundiertes Bild von Beteiligung als kommunikatives Verfahren der Integration und kollektiven Entscheidungsfindung aus Sicht von Wissenschaft und Praxis.

Partizipative Werbekommunikation: Zur Entstehung und Typologisierung kreativer Beteiligungsformen von Konsumenten an der Werbekommunikation

Juliane Apel fragt nach den Formen kreativer Partizipation von Konsumenten an der Werbekommunikation, die sich in der jüngeren Werbegeschichte herausgebildet haben. Ziel ist, die Entstehung partizipativer Werbeformen nachzuzeichnen und eine Systematisierung ihrer kreativ-konzeptionellen Charakteristika zu entwickeln. Durch die Gegenüberstellung mit Konzepten der Publikumsbeteiligung im Bereich von Kunst und Kultur zeigt die Autorin Parallelen auf und reflektiert existierende Erkenntnisse. Die Untersuchung trägt einen entscheidenden Baustein zur Werbegeschichtsschreibung bei, der bisher unberücksichtigt blieb und ermöglicht die Auseinandersetzung mit dieser besonders raffinierten Form der Beeinflussung, ihren Maskeraden und kontemporären Ästhetiken.

Partnering: Forge the Deep Connections that Make Great Things Happen

Some of the most successful people in the world all have a secret power: their partnerships.Our individualistic society has created a cult of self-interest. The result: fear, division, and domination, which has crushed our ability to relate meaningfully to each other and diminished our ability to innovate and collaborate. Jean Oelwang, founding CEO and Trustee of Virgin Unite, has interviewed over 60 business and life partnerships - including Desmond and Leah Tutu, and Ben and Jerry - revealing how to nurture relationships with depth and purpose. These kinds of deep connections have a profound ripple effect on everything we do, supporting us to achieve more, withstand anything and amplify impact. Enduring partnerships are the foundation of a meaningful life as well as the backbone of any successful organisation. In this book she unpicks the values that connect great partners, offering practical tools for staying in sync, disagreeing respectfully and a blueprint for expanding small partnerships into large-scale collaborations.Packed with wisdom to nourish the relationships that give us strength and meaning, Partnering is a call-to-action for individuals resisting individualism to lead with purpose and impact.

Partnership for Health: Building Relationships Between Women and Health Caregivers (Routledge Communication Series)

In the 1960s, feminists voiced their outrage about the health care system in the United States which routinely discriminated against women and, in so doing, literally jeopardized their health and well-being. Over a decade later, women's health advocates still stressed the need for reform of this male-dominated institution because of the on-going threat to the health of American women. In the 1990s, nearly 40 years after women began their fight for quality and equitable treatment from the medical profession, women unfortunately continue to confront problems on numerous levels including discrimination in medical research and in the availability of insurance and health care providers. Most alarming, however, is the fact that women today--like women in the '60s and before--lack information, understanding, and adequate diagnoses and treatment from their health caregivers. This book extends from a program of research on women's health issues by the authors. More than 150 audio-taped, naturally occurring interactions between health caregivers and their female patients from three different health care settings--as well as ethnographic field notes in three additional settings which provide health care to women-- constitute the data for this investigation. They explore the consequentiality of relational issues during women's health care encounters and examine how health care participants save face, enact roles, co-construct their encounters, and accomplish the objective of education and medical care. Unlike earlier works, this study utilizes an extensive data collection derived directly from hundreds of interactions between health care providers and their patients, as opposed to surveys or case studies of singular practitioners. The authors examine the data in light of insights from a variety of theoretical perspectives and are committed to exploring the implication that medical encounters are collaboratively managed by both patients and caregivers. Given these theoretical and empirical contributions, the authors believe this book will advance present understanding in the areas of health and relational communication, women's health care, gender issues in communication, conversation analysis, discourse processes, and institutional talk.

Partnership for Health: Building Relationships Between Women and Health Caregivers (Routledge Communication Series)

In the 1960s, feminists voiced their outrage about the health care system in the United States which routinely discriminated against women and, in so doing, literally jeopardized their health and well-being. Over a decade later, women's health advocates still stressed the need for reform of this male-dominated institution because of the on-going threat to the health of American women. In the 1990s, nearly 40 years after women began their fight for quality and equitable treatment from the medical profession, women unfortunately continue to confront problems on numerous levels including discrimination in medical research and in the availability of insurance and health care providers. Most alarming, however, is the fact that women today--like women in the '60s and before--lack information, understanding, and adequate diagnoses and treatment from their health caregivers. This book extends from a program of research on women's health issues by the authors. More than 150 audio-taped, naturally occurring interactions between health caregivers and their female patients from three different health care settings--as well as ethnographic field notes in three additional settings which provide health care to women-- constitute the data for this investigation. They explore the consequentiality of relational issues during women's health care encounters and examine how health care participants save face, enact roles, co-construct their encounters, and accomplish the objective of education and medical care. Unlike earlier works, this study utilizes an extensive data collection derived directly from hundreds of interactions between health care providers and their patients, as opposed to surveys or case studies of singular practitioners. The authors examine the data in light of insights from a variety of theoretical perspectives and are committed to exploring the implication that medical encounters are collaboratively managed by both patients and caregivers. Given these theoretical and empirical contributions, the authors believe this book will advance present understanding in the areas of health and relational communication, women's health care, gender issues in communication, conversation analysis, discourse processes, and institutional talk.

Party Communication in Routine Times of Politics: Issue Dynamics, Party Competition, Agenda-Setting, and Representation in Germany

Simona Bevern addresses the questions what and why political parties communicate in the time between elections, focusing on the dynamic rise and fall of policy issues. Despite the central role of political parties and the alleged importance of communication, only few scholars have taken a closer look at the content and dynamics of parties’ communication in routine times of politics. In this study, interactions between parties’ communication, their party competitors, the legislative agenda and public opinion are studied in Germany for the years 2004–2009, making use of a novel data set and quantitative methods.

Pasolini after Dante: The 'Divine Mimesis' and the Politics of Representation (Legenda)

What role did Dante play in the work of Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-1975)? His unfinished and fragmented imitation of the Comedia, La Divina Mimesis, is only one outward sign of what was a sustained dialogue with Dante on representation begun in the early 1950s. During this period, the philologists Gianfranco Contini (1912-1990) and Erich Auerbach (1892-1957) played a crucial role in Pasolini’s re-thinking of ‘represented reality’, suggesting Dante as the best literary, authorial and political model for a generation of postwar Italian writers. This emerged first as ‘Dantean realism’ in Pasolini’s prose and poetry, after Contini’s interpretation of Dante and of his plurilingualism, and then as ‘figural realism’ in his cinema, after Auerbach’s concepts of Dante’s figura and ‘mingling of styles’. Following the evolution of Pasolini’s mimetic ideal from these formative influences through to La Divina Mimesis, Emanuela Patti explores Pasolini’s politics of representation in relation to the ‘national-popular’, the ‘questione della lingua’ and the Italian post-war debates on neorealism, while also providing a new interpretation of some of his major literary and cinematic works.

Pasolini after Dante: The 'Divine Mimesis' and the Politics of Representation (Legenda)

What role did Dante play in the work of Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-1975)? His unfinished and fragmented imitation of the Comedia, La Divina Mimesis, is only one outward sign of what was a sustained dialogue with Dante on representation begun in the early 1950s. During this period, the philologists Gianfranco Contini (1912-1990) and Erich Auerbach (1892-1957) played a crucial role in Pasolini’s re-thinking of ‘represented reality’, suggesting Dante as the best literary, authorial and political model for a generation of postwar Italian writers. This emerged first as ‘Dantean realism’ in Pasolini’s prose and poetry, after Contini’s interpretation of Dante and of his plurilingualism, and then as ‘figural realism’ in his cinema, after Auerbach’s concepts of Dante’s figura and ‘mingling of styles’. Following the evolution of Pasolini’s mimetic ideal from these formative influences through to La Divina Mimesis, Emanuela Patti explores Pasolini’s politics of representation in relation to the ‘national-popular’, the ‘questione della lingua’ and the Italian post-war debates on neorealism, while also providing a new interpretation of some of his major literary and cinematic works.

Passenger List: The tie-in novel to the award-winning, cult-hit podcast

A missing plane.A cabin full of suspects.One woman's quest for the truth.When Atlantic Airlines Flight 702 disappears mid-flight between London and New York, the world is stunned. With the public clamouring for answers, authorities seem at a loss as to how to explain the plane's disappearance. There were 256 passengers on Flight 702, with many carrying dark secrets on board with them. Could one of them hold the truth behind the plane's disappearance? College student Kaitlin Le's beloved twin brother Conor was on that plane. She refuses to believe the official statements, or to join her parents in their blind acceptance of Conor's death. But as she journeys deeper into the murky heart of what really happened on board that plane, it becomes clear she's drawing attention to herself. And there are some people who would rather the truth behind the fate of Flight 702 stayed buried...

A Passion for Books

Leading writers and critics, including Margaret Drabble, Alan Sillitoe and Ferdinand Mount, share their passion for books and the joys of reading in an inspiring collection of essays and writings. A Passion for Books is both a celebration of the value and importance of reading and a spirited defence against the many gloomy voices in our so-called electronic age who say the book will soon be obsolete. This book, itself a joy to read, is written for anyone who cares at all about the past and future of books and reading.

Passions, Sympathy and Print Culture: Public Opinion and Emotional Authenticity in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Palgrave Studies in the History of Emotions)

This book explores ways in which passions came to be conceived, performed and authenticated in the eighteenth-century marketplace of print. It considers satire and sympathy in various environments, ranging from popular novels and journalism, through philosophical studies of the Scottish Enlightenment, to last words, aesthetics, and plastic surgery.

Passive and Active Network Measurement: 5th International Workshop, PAM 2004, Antibes Juan-les-Pins, France, April 19-20, 2004, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3015)

Passive and Active Network Measurement: 9th International Conference, PAM 2008, Cleveland, OH, USA, April 29-30, 2008, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4979)

The 2008 edition of the Passive and Active Measurement Conference was the ninth of a series of successful events. Since 2000, the Passive and Active M- surement (PAM) conference has provided a forum for presenting and discussing innovative and early work in the area of Internet measurement. PAM has a tradition of being a workshop-like conference with lively discussion and active participation from all attendees. This event focuses on research and practical applications of network measurement and analysis techniques. This year’s c- ference was held in Cleveland, Ohio. PAM2008’s call for papers attracted 71 submissions. Each paper was ca- fully reviewed by at least three members of the Technical Program Committee. The reviewing process led to the acceptance of 23 papers. The papers were - ranged into eight sessions covering the following areas: addressing and topology, applications,classi?cationandsampling,measurementsystems andframeworks, wireless 802.11, tools, characterization and trends, and malware and anomalies. We are very grateful to Endace, Intel and Cisco Systems whose sponsoring allowed us to keep low registration costs and also to o?er several travel grants to PhD students. We are also grateful to Case Western Reserve University for sponsoring PAM as a host.

Passive and Active Network Measurement: 6th International Workshop, PAM 2005, Boston, MA, USA, March 31 - April 1, 2005, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3431)

Welcometothe6thInternationalWorkshoponPassiveandActiveMeasurement, held in Boston, Massuchusetts. PAM 2005 was organized by Boston University, with ?nancial support from Endace Measurement Systems and Intel. PAM continues to grow and mature as a venue for research in all aspects of Internet measurement. This trend is being driven by increasing interest and activity in the ?eld of Internet measurement. To accommodate the increasing interest in PAM, this year the workshop added a Steering Committee, whose members will rotate, to provide continuity and oversight of the PAM workshop series. PAMplaysaspecialroleinthemeasurementcommunity. Itemphasizespr- matic, relevant research in the area of network and Internet measurement. Its focus re?ects the increasing understanding that measurement is critical to e?- tive engineering of the Internet’s components. This is clearly a valuable role, as evidenced by the yearly increases in the number of submissions, interest in, and attendance at PAM. PAM received 84 submissions this year. Each paper was reviewed by three or four Program Committee (PC) members during the ?rst round. Papers that received con?icting scores were further reviewed by additional PC members or external reviewers (typically two). After all reviews were received, each paper with con?icting scores was discussed extensively by its reviewers, until a c- sensus was reached. The PC placed particular emphasis on selecting papers that were fresh and exciting research contributions. Also, strong preference was given to papers that included validation results based on real measurements.

Passive and Active Network Measurement: 10th International Conference, PAM 2009, Seoul, Korea, April 1-3, 2009, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #5448)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2009, held in Seoul, Korea, in April 2009. The 22 revised full papers and 2 revised demo papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 submissions. The papers focus on research and practical applications of routing and forwarding, topology and delay, methods for large-scale measurements, wireless, management tools, audio and video traffic, peer-to-peer, traffic measurements, and measurements of anomalous and unwanted traffic.

Passive and Active Network Measurement: 8th International Conference, PAM 2007, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, April 5-6, 2007, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4427)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2007, held in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, April 2007. Coverage focuses on research and practical applications of network measurement and analysis techniques, detailing interdomain routing, P2P, wireless 802.11, wireless 3G/CDMA/Bluetooth, infrastructure and services, traffic, and measurement principles.

Passive Eye Monitoring: Algorithms, Applications and Experiments (Signals and Communication Technology)

This groundbreaking resource offers a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge video-based eye monitoring algorithms, as well as human factor algorithms and experiments. Helping to apply the skills in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction (IHMI), this practical reference shows how the core low-level building blocks are implemented and how they are linked with human factor algorithms and human-machine interfaces (HMI) in smart vehicles, sensitive environments and medical facilities.