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Simple Type Theory: A Practical Logic for Expressing and Reasoning About Mathematical Ideas (Computer Science Foundations and Applied Logic)

This unique textbook, in contrast to a standard logic text, provides the reader with a logic that actually can be used in practice to express and reason about mathematical ideas.The book is an introduction to simple type theory, a classical higher-order version of predicate logic that extends first-order logic. It presents a practice-oriented logic called Alonzo that is based on Alonzo Church's formulation of simple type theory known as Church's type theory. Unlike traditional predicate logics, Alonzo admits undefined expressions. The book illustrates, using Alonzo, how simple type theory is suited ideally for reasoning about mathematical structures and constructing libraries of mathematical knowledge.Topics and features:Offers the first book-length introduction to simple type theory as a predicate logicProvides the reader with a logic that is close to mathematical practicePresents the tools needed to build libraries of mathematical knowledgeEmploys two semantics, one for mathematics and one for logicEmphasizes the model-theoretic view of predicate logicIncludes several important topics, such as definite description and theory morphisms, not usually found in standard logic textbooksAimed at students of computing and mathematics at the graduate or upper-undergraduate level, this book is also well-suited for mathematicians, computing professionals, engineers, and scientists who need a practical logic for expressing and reasoning about mathematical ideas.William M. Farmer is a Professor in the Department of Computing and Software at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Simplicity is Complex: Foundations of Cyber-Physical System Design

This book investigates the characteristics of simple versus complex systems, and what the properties of a cyber-physical system design are that contribute to an effective implementation and make the system understandable, simple to use, and easy to maintain. The targeted audience is engineers, managers and advanced students who are involved in the design of cyber-physical systems and are willing to spend some time outside the silo of their daily work in order to widen their background and appreciation for the pervasive problems of system complexity.In the past, design of a process-control system (now called cyber-physical systems) was more of an art than an engineering endeavor. The software technology of that time was concerned primarily with functional correctness and did not pay much attention to the temporal dimension of program execution, which is as important as functional correctness when a physical process must be controlled. In the ensuing years, many problems in the design of cyber-physical systems were simplified. But with an increase in the functional requirements and system size, the complexity problems have appeared again in a different disguise. A sound understanding of the complexity problem requires some insight in cognition, human problem solving, psychology, and parts of philosophy.This book presents the essence of the author’s thinking about complexity, accumulated over the past forty years.

A Simplified Approach to the Classical Laminate Theory of Composite Materials: Application of Bar and Beam Elements (Advanced Structured Materials #192)

This book provides a systematic introduction to composite materials, which are obtained by a layer-wise stacking of one-dimensional bar/beam elements. Each layer may have different mechanical properties but each single layer is considered as isotropic. The major idea is to provide a simplified theory to easier understand the classical two-dimensional laminate theory for composites based on laminae with unidirectional fibers. In addition to the elastic behavior, failure is investigated based on the maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, and the Tsai-Wu criteria. Partial differential equations lay the foundation to mathematically describe the mechanical behavior of any classical structural member known in engineering mechanics, including composite materials. The so-called classical laminate theory provides a simplified stress analysis, and a subsequent failure analysis, without the solution of the system of coupled differential equations for the unknown displacements. The procedure provides the solution of a statically indeterminate system based on a generalized stress–strain relationship under consideration of the constitutive relationship and the definition of the so-called stress resultants. This laminate theory is typically provided for two-dimensional plane problems, where the basic structural element is a simple superposition of a classical plane elasticity element with a thin plate element under the consideration of an orthotropic constitutive law. This two-dimensional approach and the underlying advanced continuum mechanical modeling might be very challenging for some students, particularly at universities of applied sciences. Thus, a reduced approach, the so-called simplified classical laminate theory, has been developed. The idea is to use solely isotropic one-dimensional elements, i.e., a superposition of bar and beam elements, to introduce the major calculation steps of the classical laminate theory. Understanding this simplified theory is much easier and the final step it to highlight the differences when moving to the general two-dimensional case.

Simplifying Medical Ultrasound: Third International Workshop, ASMUS 2022, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2022, Singapore, September 18, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13565)

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Advances in Simplifying Medical UltraSound, ASMUS 2022, held on September 18, 2022, in conjunction with MICCAI 2022, the 25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention. The conference took place in Singapore. The 18 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: classification and detection; Segmentation and Reconstruction; and Assessment, Guidance and Robotics.Chapters "Left Ventricle Contouring of Apical Three-Chamber Views on 2D Echocardiography" and "3D Cardiac Anatomy Reconstruction from 2D Segmentations: a Study using Synthetic Data" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Simplifying Medical Ultrasound: 4th International Workshop, ASMUS 2023, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2023, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 8, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14337)

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Advances in Simplifying Medical UltraSound, ASMUS 2023, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2023, the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention. The conference took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada, on October 8, 2023. The 19 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows:​ advanced imaging, segmentation, and ultrasound techniques; predictive analysis, learning, and classification; multimodal imaging, reconstruction, and real-time applications; diagnostic enhancements and novel ultrasound innovations.

Simplifying Medical Ultrasound: Second International Workshop, ASMUS 2021, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2021, Strasbourg, France, September 27, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12967)

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Advances in Simplifying Medical UltraSound, ASMUS 2021, held on September 27, 2021, in conjunction with MICCAI 2021, the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention. The conference was planned to take place in Strasbourg, France, but changed to an online event due to the Coronavirus pandemic. The 22 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: segmentation and detection; registration, guidance and robotics; classification and image synthesis; and quality assessment and quantitative imaging.

Simplifying Perspective: A Step-by-Step Guide for Visual Artists

Master the art of linear perspective. If you’re an animator, illustrator, comic book artist, game artist or anything in between, you need to be able to create images that accurately and realistically show space, dimension and form. Simplifying Perspective is the one and only guide that thoughtfully and clearly breaks down the principles of perspective into something that’s easy to understand and use. With approachable lessons and clear visual step-by-step instruction, Robert Pastrana provides you with powerful techniques that help you turn a troubled drawing into a living, breathing, dimensional scene. With Simplifying Perspective, you’ll never have to wade through dense, complex technical manuals again – this comprehensive guide to perspective is tailored specifically for artists who need to learn the ins and outs of one, two, and three-point perspective, measuring, shadows, reflections, and more. Simplifying Perspective presents complex drawing concepts in an easy-to-follow, approachable manner so you can finally learn the essentials of perspective without the anticipated frustration. Provides clarity, depth, and a wealth of examples – this is your must-have guide to understanding and using linear perspective Detailed visual instruction includes hundreds of color coded, step-by-step diagrams that allow you to easily follow the technical process of each construction Comprehensive companion website includes additional resources on perspective with a range of work to help further your skills

Simplifying Perspective: A Step-by-Step Guide for Visual Artists

Master the art of linear perspective. If you’re an animator, illustrator, comic book artist, game artist or anything in between, you need to be able to create images that accurately and realistically show space, dimension and form. Simplifying Perspective is the one and only guide that thoughtfully and clearly breaks down the principles of perspective into something that’s easy to understand and use. With approachable lessons and clear visual step-by-step instruction, Robert Pastrana provides you with powerful techniques that help you turn a troubled drawing into a living, breathing, dimensional scene. With Simplifying Perspective, you’ll never have to wade through dense, complex technical manuals again – this comprehensive guide to perspective is tailored specifically for artists who need to learn the ins and outs of one, two, and three-point perspective, measuring, shadows, reflections, and more. Simplifying Perspective presents complex drawing concepts in an easy-to-follow, approachable manner so you can finally learn the essentials of perspective without the anticipated frustration. Provides clarity, depth, and a wealth of examples – this is your must-have guide to understanding and using linear perspective Detailed visual instruction includes hundreds of color coded, step-by-step diagrams that allow you to easily follow the technical process of each construction Comprehensive companion website includes additional resources on perspective with a range of work to help further your skills

Simplifying Solution Space: Enabling Non-Expert Users to Innovate and Design with Toolkits (Markt- und Unternehmensentwicklung Markets and Organisations)

Hari Suman Naik takes the perspective of modular systems and investigates how to enable non-expert users to innovate and design, by simplifying toolkit solution space. New production technologies like digital fabrication and modular electronics along with appropriate toolkits can offer users a significant design flexibility to innovate solutions that meet their heterogeneous and sticky needs. The author contributes towards understanding and designing toolkit solution space, first using qualitative studies to explore mechanisms for simplifying the use and structure of toolkit solution space, and then using a design study of an innovative toolkit. The findings are relevant to innovation and product managers eager to incorporate user ideas with toolkits.

Simply Computing for Seniors (Simply #18)

Step-by-step instructions for seniors to get up and running on a home PC Answering the call for an up-to-date, straightforward computer guide targeted specifically for seniors, this helpful book includes easy-to-follow tutorials that escort you through the basics and shows you how to get the most out of your PC. Boasting an elegant, full-color interior with a clean, sophisticated look and feel, the layout makes it easy for you to find the information you need quickly. Author Linda Clark has earned her highly respected reputation through years of teaching computers at both the beginning and intermediate levels. She uses this experience in the field to deliver you a comprehensive resource that shares everything you need to know about working with a computer. Guides you through working with computers so you can reach a level where you feel comfortable and confident Shows you how to find your way around Windows 7 and Microsoft Office 2010 Teaches you how to e-mail, get online, use Internet banking, book holidays, shop online, and more Walks you through sharing photos and watching movies Features numerous examples and illustrations SIMPLY Computing for Seniors puts you on your way to becoming a savvy computer user today!

Simply Computing for Seniors (Simply #17)

Step-by-step instructions for seniors to get up and running on a home PC Answering the call for an up-to-date, straightforward computer guide targeted specifically for seniors, this helpful book includes easy-to-follow tutorials that escort you through the basics and shows you how to get the most out of your PC. Boasting an elegant, full-color interior with a clean, sophisticated look and feel, the layout makes it easy for you to find the information you need quickly. Author Linda Clark has earned her highly respected reputation through years of teaching computers at both the beginning and intermediate levels. She uses this experience in the field to deliver you a comprehensive resource that shares everything you need to know about working with a computer. Guides you through working with computers so you can reach a level where you feel comfortable and confident Shows you how to find your way around Windows 7 and Microsoft Office 2010 Teaches you how to e-mail, get online, use Internet banking, book holidays, shop online, and more Walks you through sharing photos and watching movies Features numerous examples and illustrations SIMPLY Computing for Seniors puts you on your way to becoming a savvy computer user today!

Simply Digital Photography (Simply Ser. #10)

If you are serious about digital photography, then this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Digital Photography offers techniques that can be used to make better digital photos, prints, and photo-based projects. Full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions show readers how to use their equipment, compose the best shot, and even make edits to photos to create stunning images and produce better photos. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages - just follow the instructions with your camera and set your own speed. Packed with photos and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Digital Photography!

Simply Digital Photography (Simply #10)

If you are serious about digital photography, then this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Digital Photography offers techniques that can be used to make better digital photos, prints, and photo-based projects. Full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions show readers how to use their equipment, compose the best shot, and even make edits to photos to create stunning images and produce better photos. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages - just follow the instructions with your camera and set your own speed. Packed with photos and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Digital Photography!

Simply Laptops (Simply Ser. #14)

If you are serious about getting the most of your laptop, this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. We are on the move connecting wirelessly and want a computer that can keep up with the demands of an active lifestyle. With full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions, Simply Laptops teaches you not only all you need to know about working with a laptop, but also how to make real-world use of it with pages upon pages of examples in plain, jargon-free English. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages - just follow the instructions on your own laptop. Windows 7 will be covered as well as topics such as: battery life connecting with mobile devices such as cameras, cell phones, and extra monitors wireless connections away from home security must haves for safe online experiences. Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today - read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Laptops!

Simply Laptops (Simply #14)

If you are serious about getting the most of your laptop, this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. We are on the move connecting wirelessly and want a computer that can keep up with the demands of an active lifestyle. With full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions, Simply Laptops teaches you not only all you need to know about working with a laptop, but also how to make real-world use of it with pages upon pages of examples in plain, jargon-free English. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages - just follow the instructions on your own laptop. Windows 7 will be covered as well as topics such as: battery life connecting with mobile devices such as cameras, cell phones, and extra monitors wireless connections away from home security must haves for safe online experiences. Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today - read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Laptops!

SIMPLY Office 2010 (Simply Ser. #9)

Wanting to make the most of Microsoft Office 2010? But not sure exactly what is has to offer? Then look no further as this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Office 2010 runs you through the main features of the Office applications with simple, step-by-step instructions that show you how to tackle dozens of Microsoft Office tasks, whilst offering practical examples and advice. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages and abilities. If you are new to Microsoft Office you will find the gentle approach to the software provides a non-intimidating and easy to follow resource that helps you to get to grips with the application quickly - just follow all instructions on screen at your own speed. Each application in the Office suite is covered, including: Word Excel Outlook Publisher PowerPoint Using Office Internet and graphics tools Packed with advice and screen shots, this full-colour visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Office 2010!

Simply Office 2010 (Simply #9)

Wanting to make the most of Microsoft Office 2010? But not sure exactly what is has to offer? Then look no further as this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Office 2010 runs you through the main features of the Office applications with simple, step-by-step instructions that show you how to tackle dozens of Microsoft Office tasks, whilst offering practical examples and advice. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages and abilities. If you are new to Microsoft Office you will find the gentle approach to the software provides a non-intimidating and easy to follow resource that helps you to get to grips with the application quickly - just follow all instructions on screen at your own speed. Each application in the Office suite is covered, including: Word Excel Outlook Publisher PowerPoint Using Office Internet and graphics tools Packed with advice and screen shots, this full-colour visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Office 2010!

Simply Photoshop Elements 8 (Simply Ser. #11)

If you want to get up to speed with Photoshop Elements 8, then this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Photoshop Elements 8 contains examples of all the newest features of Photoshop Elements, explaining everything you need to know in plain, jargon-free English with full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages. Find out how to: import photos from digital cameras and scanners retouch and repair damaged photos compose great group shots enhance digital images change print size, canvas size, and resolution edit images for posting on the Web create a Web photo gallery incorporate graphics into desktop publishing programs. Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Photoshop Elements 8!

Simply Photoshop Elements 8 (Simply #11)

If you want to get up to speed with Photoshop Elements 8, then this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Photoshop Elements 8 contains examples of all the newest features of Photoshop Elements, explaining everything you need to know in plain, jargon-free English with full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages. Find out how to: import photos from digital cameras and scanners retouch and repair damaged photos compose great group shots enhance digital images change print size, canvas size, and resolution edit images for posting on the Web create a Web photo gallery incorporate graphics into desktop publishing programs. Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Photoshop Elements 8!

Simply Photoshop Elements 9 (Simply Ser. #15)

If you want to get up to speed with Photoshop Elements 9, this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Photoshop Elements 9 contains examples of all the newest features of Photoshop Elements, explaining everything you need to know in plain, jargon-free English with full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions. Updates from the previous version include better organizational and navigation tools for making it easy to find and categorize images, an enhanced tool for converting colour images into B&W, and Flash-based Web gallery templates to display images. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages. The accompanying website provides all the images used in the book so that you can practice -just follow all instructions on your screen. Find out how to: import photos from digital cameras and scanners retouch and repair damaged photos compose great group shots enhance digital images change print size, canvas size, and resolution edit images for posting on the Web create a Web photo gallery incorporate graphics into desktop publishing programs. Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today - read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Photoshop Elements 9!

Simply Photoshop Elements 9 (Simply #15)

If you want to get up to speed with Photoshop Elements 9, this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. Simply Photoshop Elements 9 contains examples of all the newest features of Photoshop Elements, explaining everything you need to know in plain, jargon-free English with full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions. Updates from the previous version include better organizational and navigation tools for making it easy to find and categorize images, an enhanced tool for converting colour images into B&W, and Flash-based Web gallery templates to display images. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages. The accompanying website provides all the images used in the book so that you can practice -just follow all instructions on your screen. Find out how to: import photos from digital cameras and scanners retouch and repair damaged photos compose great group shots enhance digital images change print size, canvas size, and resolution edit images for posting on the Web create a Web photo gallery incorporate graphics into desktop publishing programs. Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today - read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Photoshop Elements 9!

Simply Seven: Seven Ways to Create a Sustainable Internet Business (IE Business Publishing)

Published as part of Palgrave Macmillan's IE Business Publishing Series, Simply Seven is a practical guide to Internet business for students, entrepreneurs and executives. The book presents a practical blueprint created to get entrepreneurs and executives started on finding the right Internet business model for their web site.

Simply Windows 7

If you are serious about getting up to speed with Windows 7, then this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. The author illustrates the main functions of Windows 7, explaining everything you need to know in plain, jargon-free English with full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages - just follow the instructions on your own PC. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced user in need of a quick grip on the updates in Windows 7, read on for: Windows 7 basics new ways to customize Windows to work for you the new interface and the new and improved Internet Explorer creating movies sharing their computer working with and managing files browsing the Web Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Windows 7!

Simply Windows 7 (Simply #7)

If you are serious about getting up to speed with Windows 7, then this clear, concise guide is the ideal companion for fast and efficient learning. The author illustrates the main functions of Windows 7, explaining everything you need to know in plain, jargon-free English with full-colour screen shots and numbered, step-by-step instructions. The simple, yet elegant design features a multitude of images as well as tips & tricks to make this a perfect reference for all ages - just follow the instructions on your own PC. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced user in need of a quick grip on the updates in Windows 7, read on for: Windows 7 basics new ways to customize Windows to work for you the new interface and the new and improved Internet Explorer creating movies sharing their computer working with and managing files browsing the Web Packed with advice and illustrations, this visual tutorial is excellent value for money. Learn something new today – read it, try it and become your own expert with Simply Windows 7!

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