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Similarity Search and Applications: 9th International Conference, SISAP 2016, Tokyo, Japan, October 24-26, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9939)
by Laurent Amsaleg Michael E. Houle Erich SchubertThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2016, held in Tokyo, Japan, in October 2016.The 18 full papers and 7 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. The program of the conference was grouped in 8 categories as follows: graphs and networks; metric and permutation-based indexing; multimedia; text and document similarity; comparisons and benchmarks; hashing techniques; time-evolving data; and scalable similarity search.
Similarity Search and Applications: 10th International Conference, SISAP 2017, Munich, Germany, October 4-6, 2017, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10609)
by Christian Beecks Felix Borutta Peer Kröger Thomas SeidlThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2017, held in Munich, Germany, in October 2017.The 23 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers deal with issues surrounding the theory, design, analysis, practice, and application of content-based and feature-based similarity search. They are organized in the following topical sections: approximate similarity search; improving similarity search methods and applications; distances for complex objects; outlier detection; indexing and applications; and applications and specific domains.The paper 'A New Perspective on the Tree Edit Distance' is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Similarity Search and Applications: 6th International Conference, SISAP 2013, A Coruña, Spain, October 2-4, 2013, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8199)
by Nieves Brisaboa Oscar Pedreira Pavel ZezulaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2013, held in A Coruña, Spain, in October 2013. The 19 full papers, 6 short papers and 2 demo papers, presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on new scenarios and approaches; improving similarity search methods and techniques; metrics and evaluation; applications and specific domains; and implementation and engineering solutions.
Similarity Search and Applications: 11th International Conference, SISAP 2018, Lima, Peru, October 7–9, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11223)
by Stéphane Marchand-Maillet Yasin N. Silva Edgar ChávezThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2018, held in Lima, Peru, in October 2018.The 16 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 1 demonstration paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The papers deal with issues surrounding the theory, design, analysis, practice, and application of content-based and feature-based similarity search. They are organized in the following topical sections: metric search; visual search; nearest neighbor queries; clustering and outlier detection; graphs and applications; and shared session SISAP and SPIRE.
Similarity Search and Applications: 5th International Conference, SISAP 2012, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 9-10, 2012, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7404)
by Gonzalo Navarro Vladimir PestovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2012, held in Toronto, Canada, in August 2012. The 14 full papers presented in this volume, together with 2 demo papers and 2 invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The papers deal with many of the most relevant aspects of similarity searching and are organized in topical sections named: new scenarios and approaches; improving metric data structures; facing scalability issues; searching in specific spaces; and new similarity spaces.
Similarity Search and Applications: 16th International Conference, SISAP 2023, A Coruña, Spain, October 9–11, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14289)
by Oscar Pedreira Vladimir Estivill-CastroThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2023, held in A Coruña, Spain, during October 9–11, 2023.The 16 full papers and 4 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: similarity queries, similarity measures, indexing and retrieval, data management, feature extraction, intrinsic dimensionality, efficient algorithms, similarity in machine learning and data mining.
Similarity Search and Applications: 14th International Conference, SISAP 2021, Dortmund, Germany, September 29 – October 1, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13058)
by Nora Reyes Richard Connor Nils Kriege Daniyal Kazempour Ilaria Bartolini Erich Schubert Jian-Jia ChenThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2021, held in Dortmund, Germany, in September/October 2021. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The 23 full papers presented together with 5 short and 3 doctoral symposium papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers are organized in the topical sections named: Similarity Search and Retrieval; Intrinsic Dimensionality; Clustering and Classification; Applications of Similarity Search; Similarity Search in Graph-Structured Data; Doctoral Symposium.
Similarity Search and Applications: 13th International Conference, SISAP 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 30 – October 2, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12440)
by Shin’ichi Satoh Lucia Vadicamo Arthur Zimek Fabio Carrara Ilaria Bartolini Martin Aumüller Björn Þór Jónsson Rasmus PaghThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2020, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in September/October 2020. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The 19 full papers presented together with 12 short and 2 doctoral symposium papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: scalable similarity search; similarity measures, search, and indexing; high-dimensional data and intrinsic dimensionality; clustering; artificial intelligence and similarity; demo and position papers; and doctoral symposium.
Similarity Search and Applications: 15th International Conference, SISAP 2022, Bologna, Italy, October 5–7, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13590)
by Tomáš Skopal Fabrizio Falchi Jakub Lokoč Maria Luisa Sapino Ilaria Bartolini Marco PatellaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2022, held in Bologna, Italy in October 2022.SISAP 2022 is an annual international conference for researchers focusing on similarity search challenges and related theoretical/practical problems, as well as the design of content-based similarity search applications. The 15 full papers presented together with 8 short and 2 doctoral symposium papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Applications; Foundations; Indexing and Clustering; Learning; Doctoral Symposium.
Similarity Search and Applications: 7th International Conference, SISAP 2014, Los Cabos, Mexico, October 29-31, 2104, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8821)
by Agma Juci Machado Traina Caetano Traina Jr. Robson Leonardo Ferreira CordeiroThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2014, held in A Coruña, Spain, in October 2014. The 21 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Improving Similarity Search Methods and Techniques; Indexing and Applications; Metrics and Evaluation; New Scenarios and Approaches; Applications and Specific Domains.
Simple and Efficient Programming with C#: Skills to Build Applications with Visual Studio and .NET
by Vaskaran SarcarApply skills and approaches to your programming to build a real-world application in C# 9 using the latest editions of Visual Studio, C#, and Microsoft .NET. Each chapter opens with an introduction and original application written in C# 9 for you to jump into coding. From there, you are guided through an expected output and taught best practices along the way. Author Vaskaran Sarcar emphasizes extending and maintaining the same program and he demonstrates examples for different scenarios to make your program more efficient and effective. This book is divided into four parts. The first part starts with a detailed discussion of polymorphism. It then shows you how to make proper use of abstract classes and interfaces, and you will know which technique to use for a specific scenario. Discussions on code comments teach you how to use them effectively, and why you need to be careful with code comments. In the second part you will learn six design principles, including SOLID and DRY principles. These are the foundation of well-known design patterns and they establish practices for developing software with considerations for maintaining and extending as a project grows. The third part takes you through the methods to make efficient applications. You will learn the common use of factories to separate code from its opposite and the alternative of inheritance using object composition and wrappers. This part also demonstrates the use of template methods, hooks, and facades in programming. Hints show you how professional coders develop an enterprise application.In the fourth and final part you will learn about effective memory management techniques by preventing leaks in your application and the use and misuse of design patterns. This part also discusses how to decide between a static method and an instance method and other techniques, in brief. After reading this book, you will be able to implement best practices to make your programs more effective and reliable.What Will You LearnAnalyze the alternative solutions before implementation by comparing the pros and consMake polymorphic code perform betterKnow the side-effects of bad/redundant commentsUnderstand the significance of the SOLID and DRY principlesAdd features using wrappersRedefine steps without altering the calling sequence of an algorithmUse hooks in your applicationConvert a complex system into a user-friendly system using facades Run your application in .NET 6 Who Is This Book ForDevelopers with a basic knowledge of C#
Simple and Efficient Programming with C#: Skills to Build Applications with Visual Studio and .NET
by Vaskaran SarcarApply skills and approaches to your programming to build a real-world application in C# 11 using the latest editions of Visual Studio, C#, and Microsoft .NET.This revised edition is updated with C#11 and places more emphasis on the newly introduced top-level statements. Additionally, you will find useful techniques and an explanation of the differences between writing code in two different styles. It also covers the new templates introduced in .NET 6, along with usage of .NET 7 in Windows 10 to write code and generate output. Each chapter opens with an introduction and original application written in C# 11 so that you can jump right into coding. From there, you are guided through an expected output and taught best practices along the way. Author Vaskaran Sarcar emphasizes extending and maintaining the same program and he demonstrates examples for different scenarios to make your program more efficient and effective. This book is divided into five parts. The first part starts with a detailed discussion of polymorphism. It then shows you how to make proper use of abstract classes and interfaces, and teaches you to discern which technique to use for a specific scenario. Discussions on code comments teach you how to use them effectively, and why you need to be careful with code comments. In the second part you will learn six design principles, including SOLID and DRY principles. These are the foundation of well-known design patterns, and they establish practices for developing software with considerations for maintaining and extending as a project grows. The third part walks you through methods to make efficient applications. You will learn the common use of factories to separate code from its opposite and the alternative of inheritance using object composition and wrappers. This part also demonstrates the use of template methods, hooks, and facades in programming. Hints show you how professional coders develop an enterprise application.Better handling of exceptions and null values is another integral part of professional programming, which the fourth part explores in detail. This will help you become a more professional programmer.In the final part of the book, you will learn about effective memory management techniques and the use and misuse of design patterns. This part also briefly discusses how to decide between a static method and an instance method and other techniques. After reading this book, you will be able to implement best practices to make your programs more effective and reliable.What Will You LearnAnalyze alternative solutions before implementation by comparing pros and consMake polymorphic code perform betterKnow the side effects of bad/redundant commentsUnderstand the significance of the SOLID and DRY principlesAdd features using wrappersRedefine steps without altering the calling sequence of an algorithmUse hooks in your applicationConvert a complex system into a user-friendly system using facades Run your application in .NET 6 Who Is This Book ForDevelopers with a basic knowledge of C#.
The Simple Art of SoC Design: Closing the Gap between RTL and ESL
by Michael Keating, Synopsys FellowThis book tackles head-on the challenges of digital design in the era of billion-transistor SoCs. It discusses fundamental design concepts in design and coding required to produce robust, functionally correct designs. It also provides specific techniques for measuring and minimizing complexity in RTL code. Finally, it discusses the tradeoff between RTL and high-level (C-based) design and how tools and languages must progress to address the needs of tomorrow’s SoC designs.
A Simple Guide to Technology and Analytics
by Brian J. EvansEveryday technology is constantly changing, and it’s hard to keep up with it at times. What is all this talk about automation, STEM, analytics and super-computers, and how will it really affect my daily life at work and in the home? This book is a simple guide to everyday technology and analytics written in plain language. It starts with explaining how computer networks are increasing in speed so fast that we can do more in less time than ever before. It explains the analytical jargon in plain English and why robotics in the home will be aided by the new technology of the quantum computer. Richly furnished with over 200 illustrations, photos and with minimal equations, A Simple Guide to Technology and Analytics is a ready reference book for those times when you don’t really understand the technology and analytics being talked about. It explains complicated topics such as automated character recognition in a very simple way, and has simple exercises for the reader to fully understand the technology (with answers at the back). It even has explanations on how home appliances work, which are very useful the next time you go shopping for a microwave or TV. Even the Glossary at the back can be used as a quick look-up explanation for those on the go.
A Simple Guide to Technology and Analytics
by Brian J. EvansEveryday technology is constantly changing, and it’s hard to keep up with it at times. What is all this talk about automation, STEM, analytics and super-computers, and how will it really affect my daily life at work and in the home? This book is a simple guide to everyday technology and analytics written in plain language. It starts with explaining how computer networks are increasing in speed so fast that we can do more in less time than ever before. It explains the analytical jargon in plain English and why robotics in the home will be aided by the new technology of the quantum computer. Richly furnished with over 200 illustrations, photos and with minimal equations, A Simple Guide to Technology and Analytics is a ready reference book for those times when you don’t really understand the technology and analytics being talked about. It explains complicated topics such as automated character recognition in a very simple way, and has simple exercises for the reader to fully understand the technology (with answers at the back). It even has explanations on how home appliances work, which are very useful the next time you go shopping for a microwave or TV. Even the Glossary at the back can be used as a quick look-up explanation for those on the go.
A Simple Introduction to Python (Chapman & Hall/CRC The Python Series)
by Stephen LynchA Simple Introduction to Python is aimed at pre-university students and complete novices to programming. The whole book has been created using Jupyter notebooks. After introducing Python as a powerful calculator, simple programming constructs are covered, and the NumPy, MatPlotLib and SymPy modules (libraries) are introduced. Python is then used for Mathematics, Cryptography, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Object Oriented Programming.The reader is shown how to program using the integrated development environments: Python IDLE, Spyder, Jupyter notebooks, and through cloud computing with Google Colab.Features: No prior experience in programming is required. Demonstrates how to format Jupyter notebooks for publication on the Web. Full solutions to exercises are available as a Jupyter notebook on the Web. All Jupyter notebook solution files can be downloaded through GitHub. GitHub Repository of Data Files and a Jupyter Solution notebook: https://github.com/proflynch/A-Simple-Introduction-to-PythonJupyter Solution notebook web page: https://drstephenlynch.github.io/webpages/A-Simple-Introduction-to-Python-Solutions.html
A Simple Introduction to Python (Chapman & Hall/CRC The Python Series)
by Stephen LynchA Simple Introduction to Python is aimed at pre-university students and complete novices to programming. The whole book has been created using Jupyter notebooks. After introducing Python as a powerful calculator, simple programming constructs are covered, and the NumPy, MatPlotLib and SymPy modules (libraries) are introduced. Python is then used for Mathematics, Cryptography, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Object Oriented Programming.The reader is shown how to program using the integrated development environments: Python IDLE, Spyder, Jupyter notebooks, and through cloud computing with Google Colab.Features: No prior experience in programming is required. Demonstrates how to format Jupyter notebooks for publication on the Web. Full solutions to exercises are available as a Jupyter notebook on the Web. All Jupyter notebook solution files can be downloaded through GitHub. GitHub Repository of Data Files and a Jupyter Solution notebook: https://github.com/proflynch/A-Simple-Introduction-to-PythonJupyter Solution notebook web page: https://drstephenlynch.github.io/webpages/A-Simple-Introduction-to-Python-Solutions.html
Simple Scene Sensational Shot: Artistic Photography in Any Environment
by Simon BondHow many of us have put our camera away after a holiday to a far-off location? This book will show you how to make the most of your local area to get outstanding photos that make people ask, 'Is this really our town?'Full of technical advice, it teaches a whole host of transformative techniques to let you discover - and make the most of - the potentially great imagery that surrounds you in any environment. Also learn how to use creative composition to capture a whole range of different shots from one location with a dedicated case-study section. From texture-rich abstracts to cleanly composed streetscapes, Simple Scene Sensational Shot shows you the great photography right outside your door.
Simple Statistical Methods for Software Engineering: Data and Patterns
by C. Ravindranath Pandian Murali KumarAlthough there are countless books on statistics, few are dedicated to the application of statistical methods to software engineering. Simple Statistical Methods for Software Engineering: Data and Patterns fills that void. Instead of delving into overly complex statistics, the book details simpler solutions that are just as effective and connect wi
Simple Steps to Data Encryption: A Practical Guide to Secure Computing
by Peter LoshinEveryone wants privacy and security online, something that most computer users have more or less given up on as far as their personal data is concerned. There is no shortage of good encryption software, and no shortage of books, articles and essays that purport to be about how to use it. Yet there is precious little for ordinary users who want just enough information about encryption to use it safely and securely and appropriately--WITHOUT having to become experts in cryptography. Data encryption is a powerful tool, if used properly. Encryption turns ordinary, readable data into what looks like gibberish, but gibberish that only the end user can turn back into readable data again. The difficulty of encryption has much to do with deciding what kinds of threats one needs to protect against and then using the proper tool in the correct way. It's kind of like a manual transmission in a car: learning to drive with one is easy; learning to build one is hard. The goal of this title is to present just enough for an average reader to begin protecting his or her data, immediately. Books and articles currently available about encryption start out with statistics and reports on the costs of data loss, and quickly get bogged down in cryptographic theory and jargon followed by attempts to comprehensively list all the latest and greatest tools and techniques. After step-by-step walkthroughs of the download and install process, there's precious little room left for what most readers really want: how to encrypt a thumb drive or email message, or digitally sign a data file. There are terabytes of content that explain how cryptography works, why it's important, and all the different pieces of software that can be used to do it; there is precious little content available that couples concrete threats to data with explicit responses to those threats. This title fills that niche. By reading this title readers will be provided with a step by step hands-on guide that includes: Simple descriptions of actual threat scenarios Simple, step-by-step instructions for securing data How to use open source, time-proven and peer-reviewed cryptographic software Easy to follow tips for safer computing Unbiased and platform-independent coverage of encryption tools and techniques Simple descriptions of actual threat scenarios Simple, step-by-step instructions for securing dataHow to use open source, time-proven and peer-reviewed cryptographic software Easy-to-follow tips for safer computing Unbiased and platform-independent coverage of encryption tools and techniques
Simple Type Theory: A Practical Logic for Expressing and Reasoning About Mathematical Ideas (Computer Science Foundations and Applied Logic)
by William M. FarmerThis unique textbook, in contrast to a standard logic text, provides the reader with a logic that actually can be used in practice to express and reason about mathematical ideas.The book is an introduction to simple type theory, a classical higher-order version of predicate logic that extends first-order logic. It presents a practice-oriented logic called Alonzo that is based on Alonzo Church's formulation of simple type theory known as Church's type theory. Unlike traditional predicate logics, Alonzo admits undefined expressions. The book illustrates, using Alonzo, how simple type theory is suited ideally for reasoning about mathematical structures and constructing libraries of mathematical knowledge.Topics and features:Offers the first book-length introduction to simple type theory as a predicate logicProvides the reader with a logic that is close to mathematical practicePresents the tools needed to build libraries of mathematical knowledgeEmploys two semantics, one for mathematics and one for logicEmphasizes the model-theoretic view of predicate logicIncludes several important topics, such as definite description and theory morphisms, not usually found in standard logic textbooksAimed at students of computing and mathematics at the graduate or upper-undergraduate level, this book is also well-suited for mathematicians, computing professionals, engineers, and scientists who need a practical logic for expressing and reasoning about mathematical ideas.William M. Farmer is a Professor in the Department of Computing and Software at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Simplicity is Complex: Foundations of Cyber-Physical System Design
by Hermann KopetzThis book investigates the characteristics of simple versus complex systems, and what the properties of a cyber-physical system design are that contribute to an effective implementation and make the system understandable, simple to use, and easy to maintain. The targeted audience is engineers, managers and advanced students who are involved in the design of cyber-physical systems and are willing to spend some time outside the silo of their daily work in order to widen their background and appreciation for the pervasive problems of system complexity.In the past, design of a process-control system (now called cyber-physical systems) was more of an art than an engineering endeavor. The software technology of that time was concerned primarily with functional correctness and did not pay much attention to the temporal dimension of program execution, which is as important as functional correctness when a physical process must be controlled. In the ensuing years, many problems in the design of cyber-physical systems were simplified. But with an increase in the functional requirements and system size, the complexity problems have appeared again in a different disguise. A sound understanding of the complexity problem requires some insight in cognition, human problem solving, psychology, and parts of philosophy.This book presents the essence of the author’s thinking about complexity, accumulated over the past forty years.
A Simplified Approach to the Classical Laminate Theory of Composite Materials: Application of Bar and Beam Elements (Advanced Structured Materials #192)
by Andreas ÖchsnerThis book provides a systematic introduction to composite materials, which are obtained by a layer-wise stacking of one-dimensional bar/beam elements. Each layer may have different mechanical properties but each single layer is considered as isotropic. The major idea is to provide a simplified theory to easier understand the classical two-dimensional laminate theory for composites based on laminae with unidirectional fibers. In addition to the elastic behavior, failure is investigated based on the maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, and the Tsai-Wu criteria. Partial differential equations lay the foundation to mathematically describe the mechanical behavior of any classical structural member known in engineering mechanics, including composite materials. The so-called classical laminate theory provides a simplified stress analysis, and a subsequent failure analysis, without the solution of the system of coupled differential equations for the unknown displacements. The procedure provides the solution of a statically indeterminate system based on a generalized stress–strain relationship under consideration of the constitutive relationship and the definition of the so-called stress resultants. This laminate theory is typically provided for two-dimensional plane problems, where the basic structural element is a simple superposition of a classical plane elasticity element with a thin plate element under the consideration of an orthotropic constitutive law. This two-dimensional approach and the underlying advanced continuum mechanical modeling might be very challenging for some students, particularly at universities of applied sciences. Thus, a reduced approach, the so-called simplified classical laminate theory, has been developed. The idea is to use solely isotropic one-dimensional elements, i.e., a superposition of bar and beam elements, to introduce the major calculation steps of the classical laminate theory. Understanding this simplified theory is much easier and the final step it to highlight the differences when moving to the general two-dimensional case.
Simplifying Medical Ultrasound: Third International Workshop, ASMUS 2022, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2022, Singapore, September 18, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13565)
by Stephen Aylward J. Alison Noble Yipeng Hu Su-Lin Lee Zachary Baum Zhe MinThis book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Advances in Simplifying Medical UltraSound, ASMUS 2022, held on September 18, 2022, in conjunction with MICCAI 2022, the 25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention. The conference took place in Singapore. The 18 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: classification and detection; Segmentation and Reconstruction; and Assessment, Guidance and Robotics.Chapters "Left Ventricle Contouring of Apical Three-Chamber Views on 2D Echocardiography" and "3D Cardiac Anatomy Reconstruction from 2D Segmentations: a Study using Synthetic Data" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Simplifying Medical Ultrasound: 4th International Workshop, ASMUS 2023, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2023, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 8, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14337)
by Bernhard Kainz Alison Noble Julia Schnabel Bishesh Khanal Johanna Paula Müller Thomas DayThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Advances in Simplifying Medical UltraSound, ASMUS 2023, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2023, the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention. The conference took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada, on October 8, 2023. The 19 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: advanced imaging, segmentation, and ultrasound techniques; predictive analysis, learning, and classification; multimodal imaging, reconstruction, and real-time applications; diagnostic enhancements and novel ultrasound innovations.