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Semantics in Business Systems: The Savvy Manager's Guide (The Savvy Manager's Guides)

Semantics in Business Systems begins with a description of what semantics are and how they affect business systems. It examines four main aspects of the application of semantics to systems, specifically: How do we infer meaning from unstructured information, how do application systems make meaning as they operate, how do practitioners uncover meaning in business settings, and how do we understand and communicate what we have deduced? This book illustrates how this applies to the future of application system development, especially how it informs and affects Web services and business rule- based approaches, and how semantics will play out with XML and the semantic Web. The book also contains a quick reference guide to related terms and technologies. It is part of Morgan Kaufmann's series of Savvy Manager's Guides.* Presents an easy and enjoyable introduction to semantics in the context of business IT systems.* Articulates the business value of semantics, while providing relevant introductory technical background.* Describes the semantic underpinnings of data modeling, business rules, enterprise integration, and Web services.* Contains a handy quick-reference guide to technologies and terminology. * For more information, links, and discussions, go to www.savvymanagers.com.

Semantics in Data and Knowledge Bases: Third International Workshop, SDKB 2008, Nantes, France, March 29, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4925)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Semantics in Data and Knolwedge Bases, SDKB 2008, held in Nantes, France, on March 29, 2008. The 6 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers and a survey on the state of the art in the field, were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The SDKB workshop presented original contributions demonstrating the use of logic, discrete mathematics, combinatorics, domain theory and other mathematical theories of semantics for database and knowledge bases, computational linguistics and semiotics, and information and knowledge-based systems.

Semantics in Data and Knowledge Bases: 4th International Workshop, SDKB 2010, Bordeaux, France, July 5, 2010, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #6834)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantics in Data and Knowledge Bases, SDKB 2010, held in Bordeaux, France in July 2010. The 6 revised full papers presented together with an introductory survey by the volume editors were carefully reviewed and selected during two rounds of revision and improvement. The papers reflect a variety of approaches to semantics in data and knowledge bases.

Semantics in Data and Knowledge Bases: 5th International Workshop SDKB 2011, Zürich, Switzerland, July 3, 2011, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7693)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantics in Data and Knowledge Bases, SDKB 2011, held in July 2011 in Zürich, Switzerland. The 8 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from numerous submissions covering topics of formal models for data and knowledge bases, integrity constraints maintenance and dependency theory, formal methods for data and knowledge base design, reasoning about data and knowledge base dynamics, adaptivity for personalised data and knowledge bases view-centered data- and knowledge-intensive systems, information integration in data and knowledge bases, knowledge discovery in data and knowledge bases, validation and verification of data and knowledge base designs, formal linguistics for data and knowledge bases, logical and mathematical foundations of semantics, semantics in data- and knowledge-intensive applications.

Semantics in Databases: Second International Workshop, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, January 7-12, 2001, Revised Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #2582)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Semantics in Databases, held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in January 2001. The 10 revised full papers presented together with an introduction by the volume editors were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing. Among the aspects of database semantics discussed are semantic constraints, paraconsistency, logic foundations of databases, ER modeling, type hierarchies, null values, consistency enforcement, logic-based pattern languages, and semantic classification of queries. Among the classes of databases dealt with are deductive databases, relational databases, distributed information systems, and tree-structured data.

Semantics in Mobile Sensing (Synthesis Lectures on Data, Semantics, and Knowledge)

The dramatic progress of smartphone technologies has ushered in a new era of mobile sensing, where traditional wearable on-body sensors are being rapidly superseded by various embedded sensors in our smartphones. For example, a typical smartphone today, has at the very least a GPS, WiFi, Bluetooth, triaxial accelerometer, and gyroscope. Alongside, new accessories are emerging such as proximity, magnetometer, barometer, temperature, and pressure sensors. Even the default microphone can act as an acoustic sensor to track noise exposure for example. These sensors act as a ""lens"" to understand the user's context along different dimensions. Data can be passively collected from these sensors without interrupting the user. As a result, this new era of mobile sensing has fueled significant interest in understanding what can be extracted from such sensor data both instantaneously as well as considering volumes of time series from these sensors. For example, GPS logs can be used to determine automatically the significant places associated to a user's life (e.g., home, office, shopping areas). The logs may also reveal travel patterns, and how a user moves from one place to another (e.g., driving or using public transport). These may be used to proactively inform the user about delays, relevant promotions from shops, in his ""regular"" route. Similarly, accelerometer logs can be used to measure a user's average walking speed, compute step counts, gait identification, and estimate calories burnt per day. The key objective is to provide better services to end users. The objective of this book is to inform the reader of the methodologies and techniques for extracting meaningful information (called ""semantics"") from sensors on our smartphones. These techniques form the cornerstone of several application areas utilizing smartphone sensor data. We discuss technical challenges and algorithmic solutions for modeling and mining knowledge from smartphone-resident sensor data streams. This book devotes two chapters to dive deep into a set of highly available, commoditized sensors---the positioning sensor (GPS) and motion sensor (accelerometer). Furthermore, this book has a chapter devoted to energy-efficient computation of semantics, as battery life is a major concern on user experience.

Semantics, Logics, and Calculi: Essays Dedicated to Hanne Riis Nielson and Flemming Nielson on the Occasion of Their 60th Birthdays (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9560)

This Festschrift volume is published in honor of Hanne Riis Nielson and Flemming Nielson on the occasion of their 60th birthdays in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The papers included in this volume deal with the wide area of calculi, semantics, and analysis.The book features contributions from colleagues, who have worked together with Hanne and Flemming through their scientific life and are dedicated to them and to their work. The papers were presented at a colloquium at the Technical University of Denmark in January 2016.

Semantics of a Networked World. Semantics for Grid Databases: First International IFIP Conference on Semantics of a Networked World: ICSNW 2004, Paris, France, June 17-19, 2004. Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3226)

Semantics of Parallelism: Non-Interleaving Representation of Behaviour

Semantics of Parallelism is the only book which provides a unified treatment of the non-interleaving approach to process semantics (as opposed to the interleaving approach of the process algebraists). Many results found in this book are collected for the first time outside conference and journal articles on the mathematics of non-interleaving semantics. It gives the reader a unified view of various attempts to model parallelism within one conceptual frame work. It is aimed at postgraduates in theoretical computer science and academics who are teaching and researching in the modelling of discrete, concurrent/distributed systems. Workers in the information technology industry who are interested in available theoretical studies on parallelism will also be interested in this book.

Semantics of Probabilistic Processes: An Operational Approach

This book discusses the semantic foundations of concurrent systems with nondeterministic and probabilistic behaviour. Particular attention is given to clarifying the relationship between testing and simulation semantics and characterising bisimulations from metric, logical, and algorithmic perspectives. Besides presenting recent research outcomes in probabilistic concurrency theory, the book exemplifies the use of many mathematical techniques to solve problems in computer science, which is intended to be accessible to postgraduate students in Computer Science and Mathematics. It can also be used by researchers and practitioners either for advanced study or for technical reference.

The Semantics of Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (Information Science and Knowledge Management #3)

The genesis of this volume was the participation of the editors in an ACMlSIGIR (Association for Computing Machinery/Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval) workshop entitled "Beyond Word Relations" (Hetzler, 1997). This workshop examined a number of relationship types with significance for information retrieval beyond the conventional topic-matching relationship. From this shared participation came the idea for an edited volume on relationships, with chapters to be solicited from researchers and practitioners throughout the world. Ultimately, one volume became two volumes. The first volume, Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge (Bean & Green, 200 I), examines the role of relationships in knowledge organization theory and practice, with emphasis given to thesaural relationships and integration across systems, languages, cultures, and disciplines. This second volume examines relationships in a broader array of contexts. The two volumes should be seen as companions, each informing the other. As with the companion volume, we are especially grateful to the authors who willingly accepted challenges of space and time to produce chapters that summarize extensive bodies of research. The value of the volume clearly resides in the quality of the individual chapters. In naming this volume The Semantics of Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, we wanted to highlight the fact that relationships are not just empty connectives. Relationships constitute important conceptual units and make significant contributions to meaning.

Semantics of Specification Languages: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Semantics of Specification Languages, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 25 – 27 October 1993 (Workshops in Computing)

SoSL was the first International Workshop on Semantics of Specification Languages, held from 25-27 October 1993 in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The workshop was organized by the Department of Philosophy of Utrecht University with financial support from the Nationale Faciliteit Informatica of the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), and under the auspices of the British Computer Society'S specialist group in Formal Aspects of Computing Science (BCS FACS). The concern of the workshop was the semantics of specification languages, and the issues closely related to this area, such as type checking and the justification of proof rules and proof obligations. Its aim was the exchange of problems and ideas in this field of formal methods, and the identification of common programs of work for further investigation. The program of SoSL consisted of 3 invited lectures presenting the developments of the semantics of 3 major specification languages. Furthermore, there were 16 presentations of submitted papers. This volume provides a direct account of the workshop. It contains 3 papers that match the invited lectures and the 16 selected papers. The editors want to thank all those who have contributed to the workshop; the Program Committee and the referees for selecting the contributed papers, the invited speakers for their interesting talks, the Organizing Committee for all their efforts, and of course the participants. We have the feeling that the workshop was worthwhile and should be repeated.

Semantics of the Probabilistic Typed Lambda Calculus: Markov Chain Semantics, Termination Behavior, and Denotational Semantics

This book takes a foundational approach to the semantics of probabilistic programming. It elaborates a rigorous Markov chain semantics for the probabilistic typed lambda calculus, which is the typed lambda calculus with recursion plus probabilistic choice.The book starts with a recapitulation of the basic mathematical tools needed throughout the book, in particular Markov chains, graph theory and domain theory, and also explores the topic of inductive definitions. It then defines the syntax and establishes the Markov chain semantics of the probabilistic lambda calculus and, furthermore, both a graph and a tree semantics. Based on that, it investigates the termination behavior of probabilistic programs. It introduces the notions of termination degree, bounded termination and path stoppability and investigates their mutual relationships. Lastly, it defines a denotational semantics of the probabilistic lambda calculus, based on continuous functions over probability distributions as domains.The work mostly appeals to researchers in theoretical computer science focusing on probabilistic programming, randomized algorithms, or programming language theory.

Semantics of Type Theory: Correctness, Completeness and Independence Results (Progress in Theoretical Computer Science)

Typing plays an important role in software development. Types can be consid­ ered as weak specifications of programs and checking that a program is of a certain type provides a verification that a program satisfies such a weak speci­ fication. By translating a problem specification into a proposition in constructive logic, one can go one step further: the effectiveness and unifonnity of a con­ structive proof allows us to extract a program from a proof of this proposition. Thus by the "proposition-as-types" paradigm one obtains types whose elements are considered as proofs. Each of these proofs contains a program correct w.r.t. the given problem specification. This opens the way for a coherent approach to the derivation of provably correct programs. These features have led to a "typeful" programming style where the classi­ cal typing concepts such as records or (static) arrays are enhanced by polymor­ phic and dependent types in such a way that the types themselves get a complex mathematical structure. Systems such as Coquand and Huet's Calculus of Con­ structions are calculi for computing within extended type systems and provide a basis for a deduction oriented mathematical foundation of programming. On the other hand, the computational power and the expressive (impred­ icativity !) of these systems makes it difficult to define appropriate semantics.

Semantics-Oriented Natural Language Processing: Mathematical Models and Algorithms (IFSR International Series in Systems Science and Systems Engineering #27)

Gluecklich, die wissen, dass hinter allen Sprachen das Unsaegliche steht. Those are happy who know that behind all languages there is something unsaid Rainer Maria Rilke This book shows in a new way that a solution to a fundamental problem from one scienti?c ?eld can help to ?nd the solutions to important problems emerged in several other ?elds of science and technology. In modern science, the term “Natural Language” denotes the collection of all such languages that every language is used as a primary means of communication by people belonging to any country or any region. So Natural Language (NL) includes, in particular, the English, Russian, and German languages. The applied computer systems processing natural language printed or written texts (NL-texts) or oral speech with respect to the fact that the words are associated with some meanings are called semantics-oriented natural language processing s- tems (NLPSs). On one hand, this book is a snapshot of the current stage of a research p- gram started many years ago and called Integral Formal Semantics (IFS) of NL. The goal of this program has been to develop the formal models and methods he- ing to overcome the dif?culties of logical character associated with the engineering of semantics-oriented NLPSs. The designers of such systems of arbitrary kinds will ?nd in this book the formal means and algorithms being of great help in their work.

Semantics, Web and Mining: Joint International Workshop, EWMF 2005 and KDO 2005, Porto, Portugal, October 3-7, 2005, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4289)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed and extended post-proceedings of the joint European Web Mining Forum, EWMF 2005, and the International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Ontologies, KDO 2005, held in association with ECML/PKDD in Porto, Portugal in October 2005. The 10 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper and one particularly fitting contribution from KDO 2004 were carefully selected for inclusion in the book.

Semantics with Applications: An Appetizer (Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science)

Semantics will play an important role in the future development of software systems and domain-specific languages. This book provides a needed introductory presentation of the fundamental ideas behind these approaches, stresses their relationship by formulating and proving the relevant theorems, and illustrates the applications of semantics in computer science. Historically important application areas are presented together with some exciting potential applications. The text investigates the relationship between various methods and describes some of the main ideas used, illustrating these by means of interesting applications. The book provides a rigorous introduction to the main approaches to formal semantics of programming languages.

Semantik von Programmiersprachen (Studienreihe Informatik)

Dieses Buch vermittelt Techniken zur Formalisierung der Semantik (Bedeutungsinhalte) von Programmiersprachen. Zunächst werden unterschiedliche Formalisierungsansätze (die operationelle, denotationelle und axiomatische Semantik) vorgestellt und diskutiert. Anschließend wird die mathematische Theorie der semantischen Bereiche entwickelt, die bei der zur Zeit wichtigsten, der denotationellen Methode, Anwendung findet. Danach wird schrittweise eine umfassende, PASCAL-orientierte Programmiersprache entwickelt und die Semantik der einzelnen Sprachkonstrukte denotationell spezifiziert. Die Fortsetzungssemantik (continuation semantics) wird dabei systematisch erklärt und verwendet. Schließlich wird auf die Anwendung dieser Techniken eingegangen, insbesondere im Rahmen des Compilerbaus und als Grundlage zur Entwicklung funktionaler Programmiersprachen. Das Wissen, das in diesem Buch vermittelt wird, ermöglicht es, selbständig die Semantik neuer, unterschiedlicher Sprachkonstrukte formal zu definieren und damit umzugehen, und natürlich vorgegebene formale Beschreibungen zu verstehen. Dies ist besonders wichtig bei der Entwicklung neuer Sprachen, beim Beweisen von Programmeigenschaften und beim Compilerbau.

Semantische Datenintelligenz im Einsatz

Semantische Technologien haben mit der Entwicklung von datenbasierten Systemen wie Neuronale Netze, Deep Learning und Machine Learning ihre Bedeutung nicht verloren, sondern werden als effiziente wissensbasierte Systeme immer wichtiger. Denn intelligente Systeme der Zukunft müssen nicht nur in der Lage sein zu sagen, was sie entschieden haben, sondern auch wie sie zu dieser Entscheidung gekommen sind. Solche Systeme sind jedoch nur mit Hilfe von wissensbasierten Systemen auf der Grundlage von semantischen Technologien erreichbar. Heute reichen die Anwendungen von semantischen Systemen von der semantischen Suche, Knowledge Graphs, Chatbots, NLP, in der Medizin bis zur Telekommunikation, Verwaltung und Robotik. Semantische Technologien werden spätestens mit dem Voranschreiten des Internet of Things (IoT) und Industrie 4.0 Anwendungen allgegenwärtig sein. Dies ist unumgänglich, denn ohne sie ist auch die Interoperabilität unter Maschinen und insbesondere unter Roboter für eine intelligente Zusammenarbeit und Produktion nicht so einfach umsetzbar. Dafür gibt es bereits heute zahlreiche Beispiele aus der Industrie.

Semantische Repräsentation komplexer Objektstrukturen: Modelle für nichtkonventionelle Datenbankanwendungen (Informatik-Fachberichte #100)

Semantische Suche: Grundlagen und Methoden semantischer Suche von Textdokumenten

Semantische Suchverfahren kombinieren Techniken der Textverarbeitung, des Information Retrievals und der Wissensverarbeitung, um Informationssuchenden bessere Suchergebnisse als reine Volltextsuchen zu liefern und die Sprachbarriere zu den Autoren zu überbrücken. Dieses Buch zeigt, wie Komponenten intelligenter Suchverfahren mit diesen Techniken umgesetzt werden und zu unterschiedlichen Extra- und Intranet-Suchmaschinen kombiniert werden können. Hierbei wird der Schwerpunkt auf die Grundlagen und Konstruktionsprinzipien von Verfahren zur semantischen Suche in Texten gelegt. Mit vielen Praxisbeispielen, praktischen Erfahrungen, Aufgaben und Lösungen ist das Buch sowohl für Studierende und Dozenten als auch für Entwickler, Produkt- und Projektmanager und Entscheider bestens geeignet.

Semantische Technologien: Grundlagen. Konzepte. Anwendungen.

Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine umfassende Einführung in Grundlagen, Potentiale und Anwendungen Semantischer Technologien. Es richtet sich an Studierende der Infor¬matik und angrenzender Fächer sowie an Entwickler, die Seman¬tische Technologien am Arbeitsplatz oder in verteilten Applikationen nutzen möchten. Mit seiner an praktischen Beispielen orientierten Darstellung gibt es aber auch Anwendern und Entscheidern in Unternehmen einen breiten Überblick über Nutzen und Möglichkeiten dieser Technologie. Semantische Technologien versetzen Computer in die Lage, Informationen nicht nur zu speichern und wieder zu finden, sondern sie ihrer Bedeutung entsprechend auszuwerten, zu verbinden, zu Neuem zu verknüpfen, und so flexibel und zielgerichtet nützliche Leistungen zu erbringen. Das vorliegende Buch stellt im ersten Teil die als Semantische Technologien bezeichneten Techniken, Sprachen und Repräsentationsformalismen vor. Diese Elemente erlauben es, das in Informationen enthaltene Wissen formal und damit für den Computer verarbeitbar zu beschreiben, Konzepte und Beziehungen darzustellen und schließlich Inhalte zu erfragen, zu erschließen und in Netzen zugänglich zu machen. Der zweite Teil beschreibt, wie mit Semantischen Technologien elementare Funktionen und umfassende Dienste der Informations- und Wissensverarbeitung realisiert werden können. Hierzu gehören etwa die Annotation und das Erschließen von Information, die Suche in den resultierenden Strukturen, das Erklären von Bedeutungszusammenhängen sowie die Integration einzelner Komponenten in komplexe Ablaufprozesse und Anwendungslösungen. Der dritte Teil beschreibt schließlich vielfältige Anwendungsbeispiele in unterschiedlichen Bereichen und illustriert so Mehrwert, Potenzial und Grenzen von Semantischen Technologien. Die dargestellten Systeme reichen von Werkzeugen für persönliches, individuelles Informationsmanagement über Unterstützungsfunktionen für Gruppen bis hin zu neuen Ansätzen im Internet der Dinge und Dienste, einschließlich der Integration verschiedener Medien und Anwendungen von Medizin bis Musik.

sEMG-based Control Strategy for a Hand Exoskeleton System (Springer Theses)

This book reports on the design and testing of an sEMG-based control strategy for a fully-wearable low-cost hand exoskeleton. It describes in detail the modifications carried out to the electronics of a previous prototype, covering in turn the implementation of an innovative sEMG classifier for predicting the wearer's motor intention and driving the exoskeleton accordingly. While similar classifier have been widely used for motor intention prediction, their application to wearable device control has been neglected so far. Thus, this book fills a gap in the literature providing readers with extensive information and a source of inspiration for the future design and control of medical and assistive devices.

Semi-Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation and Channel Equalization (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering #0)

This SpringerBrief investigates the performance of semi-blind independent component analysis (ICA) based equalization and carrier frequency offset estimation approaches (CFO) for a number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communication systems. It provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges of channel equalization and frequency synchronization for different wireless systems. The authors present the wireless communication channel and system models. Key existing CFO estimation methods are reviewed, along with a number of the training based and non-training based (blind) channel estimation methods. This is followed by a study of ICA and its applications to OFDM-based wireless communication systems. Later chapters provide a detailed description of recent research on semi-blind CFO estimation and ICA based equalization approaches for various wireless communication systems including multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM and coordinated multipoint (CoMP) systems. Semi-blind CFO estimation and equalization structures provide a spectrum-efficient and high-performance solution for high speed wireless communications. This book is suitable for postgraduate students, researchers or professionals in the area of wireless communications.

Semi-Famous: A True Story of Near Celebrity

In this "laugh-out-loud funny&” book (Hank Green, New York Times bestselling author), social media star and comedian Josh Sundquist takes readers on his hilarious journey to the fringes of viral stardom to discover if it&’s possible to be both very famous and very happy As a semi-famous internet creator, Josh Sundquist knows what it's like to chase fame, but he also knows that more fame usually means more stress. So he set out on a pseudo-scientific investigation to find out if there is any way for fame and happiness to overlap. He attempts to define the word &“fame&”—hint: it's harder than you'd think. He turns back time to identify the first facially-recognizable celebrity (you might know his former BFF Brutus). He digs into the numbers to debunk urban legends associated with stardom (ever heard of the 27 Club?). He talks to other semi-famous people (from K-pop sensations to former child stars) and asks them: Is this fame thing making you happy? If not, why are you doing it? If so, what's your secret? All while recounting funny stories about his own cringy fame-seeking (like his many attempts, and failures, to get onto MTV). Packed with playful diagrams, fascinating insights from celebrities, and embarrassing truths from Josh&’s experience with semi-fame, this is a must-read for anyone who has ever dreamed of becoming famous…or at least going viral on TikTok.