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Simulieren und Entscheiden: Entscheidungsmodellierung, Modellierungsentscheidungen, Entscheidungsunterstützung (Sozialwissenschaftliche Simulationen und die Soziologie der Simulation)

Simulationen geben zunehmend Orientierung für die Entscheidungsfindung in Politik, Ökonomie, Ökologie oder Medizin. Hierzu sind zunächst Modelle zu bilden, wobei die Modellierungsentscheidungen einen großen Effekt auf die Simulationsergebnisse haben. Dieses Zusammenhangs nimmt sich der vorliegende Band an und durchleuchtet Computersimulationen im Kontext von Entscheidungen aus Sicht der Soziologie, Simulationswissenschaft und Philosophie. Dabei stehen drei Fragen im Mittelpunkt: Wie werden Entscheidungen modelliert oder simuliert? Welche metatheoretischen und methodischen Entscheidungen müssen simulierende WissenschaftlerInnen im Zuge der Simulationsstudie treffen? Wie werden organisationale oder politische Entscheidungen durch Modellierungen und Simulationen unterstützt? Die Herausgeber*innenProf. Dr. Nicole J. Saam ist Inhaberin des Lehrstuhls für Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung am Institut für Soziologie der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. Prof. Michael Resch ist Direktor am HPC Center Stuttgart (HLRS) der Universität Stuttgart. Dr. Andreas Kaminski ist als Leiter der Abteilung “Philosophie der Simulation“ am HPC Center Stuttgart (HLRS) der Universität Stuttgart tätig.

Simultaneous Statistical Inference: With Applications in the Life Sciences

This monograph will provide an in-depth mathematical treatment of modern multiple test procedures controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) and related error measures, particularly addressing applications to fields such as genetics, proteomics, neuroscience and general biology. The book will also include a detailed description how to implement these methods in practice. Moreover new developments focusing on non-standard assumptions are also included, especially multiple tests for discrete data. The book primarily addresses researchers and practitioners but will also be beneficial for graduate students.

Sinclair Z. X. 81 Programming for Real Applications

Sine Cosine Algorithm for Optimization (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

This open access book serves as a compact source of information on sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and a foundation for developing and advancing SCA and its applications. SCA is an easy, user-friendly, and strong candidate in the field of metaheuristics algorithms. Despite being a relatively new metaheuristic algorithm, it has achieved widespread acceptance among researchers due to its easy implementation and robust optimization capabilities. Its effectiveness and advantages have been demonstrated in various applications ranging from machine learning, engineering design, and wireless sensor network to environmental modeling. The book provides a comprehensive account of the SCA, including details of the underlying ideas, the modified versions, various applications, and a working MATLAB code for the basic SCA.

Single-Cell-Based Models in Biology and Medicine (Mathematics and Biosciences in Interaction)

Aimed at postgraduate students in a variety of biology-related disciplines, this volume presents a collection of mathematical and computational single-cell-based models and their application. The main sections cover four general model groupings: hybrid cellular automata, cellular potts, lattice-free cells, and viscoelastic cells. Each section is introduced by a discussion of the applicability of the particular modelling approach and its advantages and disadvantages, which will make the book suitable for students starting research in mathematical biology as well as scientists modelling multicellular processes.

Single-DC-Source Multilevel Inverters (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)

The purpose of the book is to distinguish the single-de-source multilevel inverter topologies and to teach their control, switching and voltage balancing. It will include new information on voltage balancing and control of multilevel inverters. The book will answer some important questions about the revolution of power electronics converters: 1- Why multilevel inverter are better than 2-level ones? 2- Why single-de-source multilevel inverters are a matter of interest? 3- What are the redundant switching states and what do they do? 4- How to use redundant switching states in control and voltage balancing? 5- What are the applications of single-de-source multilevel inverters?

Single-Instruction Multiple-Data Execution (Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture)

Having hit power limitations to even more aggressive out-of-order execution in processor cores, many architects in the past decade have turned to single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) execution to increase single-threaded performance. SIMD execution, or having a single instruction drive execution of an identical operation on multiple data items, was already well established as a technique to efficiently exploit data parallelism. Furthermore, support for it was already included in many commodity processors. However, in the past decade, SIMD execution has seen a dramatic increase in the set of applications using it, which has motivated big improvements in hardware support in mainstream microprocessors. The easiest way to provide a big performance boost to SIMD hardware is to make it wider—i.e., increase the number of data items hardware operates on simultaneously. Indeed, microprocessor vendors have done this. However, as we exploit more data parallelism in applications, certain challenges can negatively impact performance. In particular, conditional execution, non-contiguous memory accesses, and the presence of some dependences across data items are key roadblocks to achieving peak performance with SIMD execution. This book first describes data parallelism, and why it is so common in popular applications. We then describe SIMD execution, and explain where its performance and energy benefits come from compared to other techniques to exploit parallelism. Finally, we describe SIMD hardware support in current commodity microprocessors. This includes both expected design tradeoffs, as well as unexpected ones, as we work to overcome challenges encountered when trying to map real software to SIMD execution.

Single-Shot 3D Sensing Close to Physical Limits and Information Limits (Springer Theses)

This thesis discusses the physical and information theoretical limits of optical 3D metrology, and, based on these principal considerations, introduces a novel single-shot 3D video camera that works close to these limits. There are serious obstacles for a “perfect” 3D-camera: The author explains that it is impossible to achieve a data density better than one third of the available video pixels. Available single-shot 3D cameras yet display much lower data density, because there is one more obstacle: The object surface must be “encoded” in a non-ambiguous way, commonly by projecting sophisticated patterns. However, encoding devours space-bandwidth and reduces the output data density. The dissertation explains how this profound dilemma of 3D metrology can be solved, exploiting just two synchronized video cameras and a static projection pattern.The introduced single-shot 3D video camera, designed for macroscopic live scenes, displays an unprecedented quality and density of the 3D point cloud. The lateral resolution and depth precision are limited only by physics. Like a hologram, each movie-frame encompasses the full 3D information about the object surface and the observation perspective can be varied while watching the 3D movie.

A Single Trapped Rydberg Ion (Springer Theses)

Systems of trapped ions and systems of ultracold Rydberg atoms are used at the forefront of quantum physics research and they make strong contenders as platforms for quantum technologies. Trapped Rydberg ions are a new hybrid technology envisaged to have both the exquisite control of trapped ion systems and the strong interactions of Rydberg atoms.In this work a single trapped Rydberg ion is experimentally investigated. A trapped strontium ion is excited to Rydberg states using two ultraviolet lasers. Effects of the strong trapping electric fields on the highly-sensitive Rydberg ion are studied. After mitigating unwanted trap effects, the ion is coherently excited to Rydberg states and a quantum gate is demonstrated. This thesis lays much of the experimental groundwork for research using this novel system.

A Singular Introduction to Commutative Algebra

This substantially enlarged second edition aims to lead a further stage in the computational revolution in commutative algebra. This is the first handbook/tutorial to extensively deal with SINGULAR. Among the book’s most distinctive features is a new, completely unified treatment of the global and local theories. Another feature of the book is its breadth of coverage of theoretical topics in the portions of commutative algebra closest to algebraic geometry, with algorithmic treatments of almost every topic.

A Singular Introduction to Commutative Algebra

This book can be understood as a model for teaching commutative algebra, and takes into account modern developments such as algorithmic and computational aspects. As soon as a new concept is introduced, the authors show how the concept can be worked on using a computer. The computations are exemplified with the computer algebra system Singular, developed by the authors. Singular is a special system for polynomial computation with many features for global as well as for local commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. The book includes a CD containing Singular as well as the examples and procedures explained in the book.

Singular Phenomena and Scaling in Mathematical Models

The book integrates theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and modeling approaches for the treatment of singular phenomena. The projects covered focus on actual applied problems, and develop qualitatively new and mathematically challenging methods for various problems from the natural sciences. Ranging from stochastic and geometric analysis over nonlinear analysis and modelling to numerical analysis and scientific computation, the book is divided into the three sections: A) Scaling limits of diffusion processes and singular spaces, B) Multiple scales in mathematical models of materials science and biology and C) Numerics for multiscale models and singular phenomena. Each section addresses the key aspects of multiple scales and model hierarchies, singularities and degeneracies, and scaling laws and self-similarity.

Singular Spectrum Analysis with R (Use R!)

This comprehensive and richly illustrated volume provides up-to-date material on Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). SSA is a well-known methodology for the analysis and forecasting of time series. Since quite recently, SSA is also being used to analyze digital images and other objects that are not necessarily of planar or rectangular form and may contain gaps. SSA is multi-purpose and naturally combines both model-free and parametric techniques, which makes it a very special and attractive methodology for solving a wide range of problems arising in diverse areas, most notably those associated with time series and digital images. An effective, comfortable and accessible implementation of SSA is provided by the R-package Rssa, which is available from CRAN and reviewed in this book. Written by prominent statisticians who have extensive experience with SSA, the book (a) presents the up-to-date SSA methodology, including multidimensional extensions, in language accessible to a large circle of users, (b) combines different versions of SSA into a single tool, (c) shows the diverse tasks that SSA can be used for, (d) formally describes the main SSA methods and algorithms, and (e) provides tutorials on the Rssa package and the use of SSA. The book offers a valuable resource for a very wide readership, including professional statisticians, specialists in signal and image processing, as well as specialists in numerous applied disciplines interested in using statistical methods for time series analysis, forecasting, signal and image processing. The book is written on a level accessible to a broad audience and includes a wealth of examples; hence it can also be used as a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate courses on time series analysis and signal processing.

Singularity Hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment (The Frontiers Collection)

Singularity Hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment offers authoritative, jargon-free essays and critical commentaries on accelerating technological progress and the notion of technological singularity. It focuses on conjectures about the intelligence explosion, transhumanism, and whole brain emulation. Recent years have seen a plethora of forecasts about the profound, disruptive impact that is likely to result from further progress in these areas. Many commentators however doubt the scientific rigor of these forecasts, rejecting them as speculative and unfounded. We therefore invited prominent computer scientists, physicists, philosophers, biologists, economists and other thinkers to assess the singularity hypotheses. Their contributions go beyond speculation, providing deep insights into the main issues and a balanced picture of the debate.

The Singularity is Nearer: When We Merge with AI

THE INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLERThe legendary oracle of technological change explains how AI will transform our species beyond recognition.‘The best person I know at predicting the future of AI’ BILL GATES'Essential reading to understand our exponential times' MUSTAFA SULEYMAN'Fascinating . . . raises the most profound philosophical questions' YUVAL NOAH HARARIBy the end of this decade, AI will exceed human levels of intelligence. During the 2030s, it will become ‘superintelligent’, vastly outstripping our capabilities and enabling dramatic interventions in our bodies. By 2045, we will be able to connect our brains directly with AI, enhancing our intelligence a millionfold and expanding our consciousness in ways we can barely imagine. This is the Singularity.Ray Kurzweil is one of the greatest inventors of our time with over 60 years’ experience in the field of Artificial Intelligence, whose long-range predictions about the rise of the internet, AI and bioengineering have all borne out. In this visionary, fundamentally optimistic book, Kurzweil explains how the Singularity will occur, explores what it will mean to live free from the limits of biology and argues that we can and will transform life on Earth profoundly for the better.'The greatest oracle of our digital age' PETER H. DIAMANDIS, founder of XPRIZE'Curious about the future? Read this book' VINT CERF, Chief Internet Evangelist, Google

SIP — Die Technik: Grundlagen und Realisierung der Internet-Technik — Für VoIP, Videotelefonie, Instant Messaging und Presence Service (Vorträge und Aufsätze über Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen)

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) - Das Protokoll für die Nutzung von multimedialen Anwendungen im Internet. So setzen Sie die Technik dieses Protokolls ein. Damit können Sie die Kostenvorteile der Internettelefonie (VoIP) nutzen und künftig Anwendungen wie Videotelefonie, Instant Messaging und Presence Service gezielt einsetzen. Das Buch zeigt, wie es geht. SIP wird im Umfeld der TCP/IP-Protokollfamilie dargestellt. Profitieren Sie von der Erfahrung des Autors in der Telekommunikation. Mit ausführlichen Codierbeispielen.

SIP Handbook: Services, Technologies, and Security of Session Initiation Protocol

Widely adopted by service providers to enable IP telephony, instant messaging, and other data services, SIP is the signaling protocol of choice for advanced multimedia communications signaling. Compiled by noted engineering experts Syed Ahson and Mohammad Ilyas, SIP Handbook: Services, Technologies, and Security of Session Initiation Protocol presents a thorough technical review of all aspects of SIP. It captures the current state of IP Multimedia Subsystem technology and provides a unique source of comprehensive reference material on this subject. SIP Applications for Today and Tomorrow The scope of this volume ranges from basic concepts to future perspectives. Divided into three sections, the book begins with a discussion of SIP in peer-to-peer networks and then goes on to examine advanced media integration, migration considerations, mobility management, and group conferencing, while also reviewing home networking and compliance issues. The middle section of the book focuses on the underlying technologies of SIP. Chapters review network architecture, vertical handoffs, NAT traversals, multipoint extensions, and other areas at the forefront of research. Finally, the text examines various security vulnerabilities and provides perspectives on secure intelligent SIP services with a future outlook on a fraud detection framework in VoIP networks. Insights from International Researchers Authored by 65 experts from across the world, this text is sure to advance the field of knowledge in this ever-changing industry and provide further impetus for new areas of exploration. Because of the editors’ pivotal influence and their proximity to both the current market and the latest science, this work is certain to become the definitive text on this emerging technology.

SIP Handbook: Services, Technologies, and Security of Session Initiation Protocol

Widely adopted by service providers to enable IP telephony, instant messaging, and other data services, SIP is the signaling protocol of choice for advanced multimedia communications signaling. Compiled by noted engineering experts Syed Ahson and Mohammad Ilyas, SIP Handbook: Services, Technologies, and Security of Session Initiation Protocol presents a thorough technical review of all aspects of SIP. It captures the current state of IP Multimedia Subsystem technology and provides a unique source of comprehensive reference material on this subject. SIP Applications for Today and Tomorrow The scope of this volume ranges from basic concepts to future perspectives. Divided into three sections, the book begins with a discussion of SIP in peer-to-peer networks and then goes on to examine advanced media integration, migration considerations, mobility management, and group conferencing, while also reviewing home networking and compliance issues. The middle section of the book focuses on the underlying technologies of SIP. Chapters review network architecture, vertical handoffs, NAT traversals, multipoint extensions, and other areas at the forefront of research. Finally, the text examines various security vulnerabilities and provides perspectives on secure intelligent SIP services with a future outlook on a fraud detection framework in VoIP networks. Insights from International Researchers Authored by 65 experts from across the world, this text is sure to advance the field of knowledge in this ever-changing industry and provide further impetus for new areas of exploration. Because of the editors’ pivotal influence and their proximity to both the current market and the latest science, this work is certain to become the definitive text on this emerging technology.

Siri, Alexa, and Other Digital Assistants: The Librarian's Quick Guide

Apple has "Siri," Amazon "Alexa," Google "Google Assistant," and Microsoft "Cortana." Learn how you can use a popular technology to improve library services, increase their efficiency, and excel in your career.Digital assistants such as Alexa and Siri can play music, podcasts, audiobooks, and the radio; answer questions; provide factual information; tell stories; and even control devices in your home. What can they do for you in your library?This concise, practical guide will help you to understand the basics of voice computing platforms and appreciate its relevance to you as a librarian, outlining specific applications for this technology in the library. Discussions of potential applications will inspire you to include voice computing in your library services and events and give you the tools you need to do so. You'll also find a list of the best sources on voice computing. In short, you will find everything you need to know about this important and growing technology and how you can use it in your library.

Siri, Alexa, and Other Digital Assistants: The Librarian's Quick Guide

Apple has "Siri," Amazon "Alexa," Google "Google Assistant," and Microsoft "Cortana." Learn how you can use a popular technology to improve library services, increase their efficiency, and excel in your career.Digital assistants such as Alexa and Siri can play music, podcasts, audiobooks, and the radio; answer questions; provide factual information; tell stories; and even control devices in your home. What can they do for you in your library?This concise, practical guide will help you to understand the basics of voice computing platforms and appreciate its relevance to you as a librarian, outlining specific applications for this technology in the library. Discussions of potential applications will inspire you to include voice computing in your library services and events and give you the tools you need to do so. You'll also find a list of the best sources on voice computing. In short, you will find everything you need to know about this important and growing technology and how you can use it in your library.

Sistemi ACM e Imaging Diagnostico: Le immagini mediche come Matrici Attive di Connessioni

La prima ipotesi sulla quale si fondano i sistemi ACM (Active Connections Matrix) è che ogni immagine a N dimensioni puo' essere trasformata in una rete di pixel tra loro connessi che si sviluppa nel tempo, tramite operazioni locali, deterministiche e iterative. L'immagine cosi' trasformata puo' mostrare, in uno spazio dimensionale più ampio, delle regolarità morfologiche e dinamiche che, nelle dimensioni originarie, sarebbero non visibili oppure qualificabili come rumore.Questa ipotesi permette di esplicitare la seconda ipotesi alla base dei sistemi ACM: ogni immagine contiene al suo interno le matematiche inerenti che l'hanno prodotta. In pratica, è come se ogni immagine nascondesse al suo interno altre due immagini non visibili. I sistemi ACM le estraggono e le rendeno visibili. L'opera descrive inoltre le applicazioni possibili in ambito di diagnostica per immagini ed è pertanto rivolta a fisici, informatici, radiologi e tecnici di laboratorio che si occupano di "image processing". Dalla Presentazione di Enzo Grossi "... Alcuni dettagli possono sfuggire, altri aspetti notevoli, come un piccolo nodulo di 1 mm, possono essere non visti: sono i limiti dell'occhio umano. E' in questo scenario che dobbiamo immaginare l'avvento dei sistemi ACM.Essi funzionano come un terzo occhio, non più legato alla esperienza, alla interpretazione e alla sensibilità soggettiva dell'operatore,ma direttamente riferiti alla struttura matematica e quindi anatomica dell'immagine stessa. Si', il terzo occhio di cui parliamo è proprio quello dell'immagine, che, come per magia, interroga se stessa e si mostra al radiologo sotto una veste diversa, spesso molto più informativa."

Sites of Translation: What Multilinguals Can Teach Us about Digital Writing and Rhetoric (Sweetland Digital Rhetoric Collaborative)

Winner of the 2016 Sweetland Digital Rhetoric Collaborative Book Prize Sites of Translation illustrates the intricate rhetorical work that multilingual communicators engage in as they translate information for their communities. Blending ethnographic and empirical methods from multiple disciplines, Laura Gonzales provides methodological examples of how linguistic diversity can be studied in practice, both in and outside the classroom, and provides insights into the rhetorical labor that is often unacknowledged and made invisible in multilingual communication. Sites of Translation is relevant to researchers and teachers of writing as well as technology designers interested in creating systems, pedagogies, and platforms that will be more accessible and useful to multilingual audiences. Gonzales presents multilingual communication as intellectual labor that should be further valued in both academic and professional spaces, and supported by multilingual technologies and pedagogies that center the expertise of linguistically diverse communicators.

Situated Dialog in Speech-Based Human-Computer Interaction (Signals and Communication Technology)

This book provides a survey of the state-of-the-art in the practical implementation of Spoken Dialog Systems for applications in everyday settings. It includes contributions on key topics in situated dialog interaction from a number of leading researchers and offers a broad spectrum of perspectives on research and development in the area.In particular, it presents applications in robotics, knowledge access and communication and covers the following topics: dialog for interacting with robots; language understanding and generation; dialog architectures and modeling; core technologies; and the analysis of human discourse and interaction. The contributions are adapted and expanded contributions from the 2014 International Workshop on Spoken Dialog Systems (IWSDS 2014), where researchers and developers from industry and academia alike met to discuss and compare their implementation experiences, analyses and empirical findings.

Situation Assessment in Aviation: Bayesian Network and Fuzzy Logic-based Approaches

Situation Assessment in Aviation focuses on new aspects of soft computing technologies for the evaluation and assessment of situations in aviation scenarios. It considers technologies emerging from multisensory data fusion (MSDF), Bayesian networks (BN), and fuzzy logic (FL) to assist pilots in their decision-making.Studying MSDF, BN, and FL from the perspective of their applications to the problem of situation assessment, the book discusses the development of certain soft technologies that can be further used for devising more sophisticated technologies for a pilot's decision-making when performing certain tasks: airplane monitoring, pair formation, attack, and threat. It explains the concepts of situation awareness, data fusion, decision fusion, Bayesian networks, fuzzy logic type 1, and interval type 2 fuzzy logic. The book also presents a hybrid technique by using BN and FL and a unique approach to the problem of situation assessment, beyond visual range and air-to-air combat, by utilizing building blocks of artificial intelligence (AI) for the future development of more advanced automated systems, especially using commercial software.The book is intended for aerospace R&D engineers, systems engineers, aeronautical engineers, and aviation training professionals. It will also be useful for aerospace and electrical engineering students taking courses in Air Traffic Management, Aviation Management, Aviation Operations, and Aviation Safety Systems.

Situation Assessment in Aviation: Bayesian Network and Fuzzy Logic-based Approaches

Situation Assessment in Aviation focuses on new aspects of soft computing technologies for the evaluation and assessment of situations in aviation scenarios. It considers technologies emerging from multisensory data fusion (MSDF), Bayesian networks (BN), and fuzzy logic (FL) to assist pilots in their decision-making.Studying MSDF, BN, and FL from the perspective of their applications to the problem of situation assessment, the book discusses the development of certain soft technologies that can be further used for devising more sophisticated technologies for a pilot's decision-making when performing certain tasks: airplane monitoring, pair formation, attack, and threat. It explains the concepts of situation awareness, data fusion, decision fusion, Bayesian networks, fuzzy logic type 1, and interval type 2 fuzzy logic. The book also presents a hybrid technique by using BN and FL and a unique approach to the problem of situation assessment, beyond visual range and air-to-air combat, by utilizing building blocks of artificial intelligence (AI) for the future development of more advanced automated systems, especially using commercial software.The book is intended for aerospace R&D engineers, systems engineers, aeronautical engineers, and aviation training professionals. It will also be useful for aerospace and electrical engineering students taking courses in Air Traffic Management, Aviation Management, Aviation Operations, and Aviation Safety Systems.