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Sleep and Anesthesia: Neural Correlates in Theory and Experiment (Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience #15)
by Axel HuttSleep and anesthesia resemble in many ways at a first glance. The most prominent common feature of course is the loss of consciousness, i.e. the loss of awareness of external stimuli. However a closer look at the loss of consciousness reveals already a difference between sleep and anesthesia: anesthesia is induced by an anesthetic drug whereas we may fall asleep without external cause. Other questions may arise about the difference of the two effects: do we dream during surgery under anesthesia, do we feel pain during sleep? Essentially, we may ask: what is common and what are the differences between sleep and anesthesia? To answer these questions, we may take a look at the neural origin of both effects and the involved physiological pathways. In which way do they resemble? Moreover, we ask what are the detailed features of normal sleep and general anesthesia as applied during surgery and which features exist in both phenomena? If yes in which way? To receive answers to these questions, it is necessary to consider several experimental techniques that reveal underlying neural mechanisms of sleep and anesthesia. Moreover, theoretical models of neural activity may model both phenomena and comes up with predictions or even theories on the underlying mechanisms. Such models may attack several different description levels, from the microscopic level of single neurons to the macroscopic level of neural populations. Such models may give deeper insight into the phenomena if their assumptions are based on experimental findings and their predictions can be compared to experimental results. This comparison step is essential for valuable theoretical models. The book is motivated by two successful workshops on anesthesia and sleep organized during the Computational Neuroscience Conferences in Toronto in 2007 and in Berlin 2009. It aims to cover all the previous aspects with a focus on the link to experimental findings. It elucidates important issues in theoretical models that at the same time reflect some current major research interests. Moreover it considers some diverse issues which are very important to get an overview of the fields. For instance, the book discusses not only neural activity in the brain but also the effects of general anesthesia on the cardio-vascular system and the spinal cord in the context of analgesia. In addition, it considers different experimental techniques on various spatial scales, such as fMRI and EEG-experiments on the macroscopic scale and single neuron and LFP-measurements on the microscopic scale. In total all book chapters reveal aspects of the neural correlates of sleep and anesthesia motivated by experimental data. This focus on the neural mechanism in the light of experimental data is the common feature of the topics and the chapters. In addition, the book aims to clarify the shared physiological mechanisms of both phenomena, but also reveal their physiological differences.
Sliding Mode Control: The Delta-Sigma Modulation Approach (Control Engineering)
by Hebertt Sira-RamírezThis monograph presents a novel method of sliding mode control for switch-regulated nonlinear systems. The Delta Sigma modulation approach allows one to implement a continuous control scheme using one or multiple, independent switches, thus effectively merging the available linear and nonlinear controller design techniques with sliding mode control. Sliding Mode Control: The Delta-Sigma Modulation Approach, combines rigorous mathematical derivation of the unique features of Sliding Mode Control and Delta-Sigma modulation with numerous illustrative examples from diverse areas of engineering. In addition, engineering case studies demonstrate the applicability of the technique and the ease with which one can implement the exposed results. This book will appeal to researchers in control engineering and can be used as graduate-level textbook for a first course on sliding mode control.
Sliding Window Algorithm for Mobile Communication Networks
by Nuka Mallikharjuna Rao Mannava Muniratnam NaiduThis book offers a broad overview of mobile communications and its databases, focusing on the processes and methods used in mobile communication networks. Drawing upon the insights of leading researchers, the book’s main focus is on the sliding window algorithm. In addition, the book discusses queuing theory concepts for measuring the realistic throughput and performance of mobile switching centers in global system for mobile communications (GSM) networks by applying the sliding window algorithm. Practical case studies, a full set of easy-to-access supplements, and extensive web resources make reading, learning about and teaching mobile communications easier than ever.
The Slovak Language in the Digital Age (White Paper Series #5)
by Georg Rehm Hans UszkoreitThis white paper is part of a series that promotes knowledge about language technology and its potential. It addresses educators, journalists, politicians, language communities and others. The availability and use of language technology in Europe varies between languages. Consequently, the actions that are required to further support research and development of language technologies also differ for each language. The required actions depend on many factors, such as the complexity of a given language and the size of its community. META-NET, a Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission, has conducted an analysis of current language resources and technologies. This analysis focused on the 23 official European languages as well as other important national and regional languages in Europe. The results of this analysis suggest that there are many significant research gaps for each language.A more detailed expert analysis and assessment of the current situation will help maximise the impact of additional research and minimize any risks. META-NET consists of 54 research centres from 33 countries that are working with stakeholders from commercial businesses, government agencies, industry, research organisations, software companies, technology providers and European universities. Together, they are creating a common technology vision while developing a strategic research agenda that shows how language technology applications can address any research gaps by 2020.
The Slovene Language in the Digital Age (White Paper Series)
by Georg Rehm Hans UszkoreitThis white paper is part of a series that promotes knowledge about language technology and its potential. It addresses educators, journalists, politicians, language communities and others. The availability and use of language technology in Europe varies between languages. Consequently, the actions that are required to further support research and development of language technologies also differ for each language. The required actions depend on many factors, such as the complexity of a given language and the size of its community. META-NET, a Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission, has conducted an analysis of current language resources and technologies. This analysis focused on the 23 official European languages as well as other important national and regional languages in Europe. The results of this analysis suggest that there are many significant research gaps for each language. A more detailed expert analysis and assessment of the current situation will help maximise the impact of additional research and minimize any risks. META-NET consists of 54 research centres from 33 countries that are working with stakeholders from commercial businesses, government agencies, industry, research organisations, software companies, technology providers and European universities. Together, they are creating a common technology vision while developing a strategic research agenda that shows how language technology applications can address any research gaps by 2020.
Slow Computing: Why We Need Balanced Digital Lives
by Rob Kitchin Alistair FraserDigital technologies should be making life easier. And to a large degree they are, transforming everyday tasks of work, consumption, communication, travel and play. But they are also accelerating and fragmenting our lives affecting our well-being and exposing us to extensive data extraction and profiling that helps determine our life chances. Initially, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown seemed to create new opportunities for people to practice ‘slow computing’, but it quickly became clear that it was as difficult, if not more so, than during normal times. Is it then possible to experience the joy and benefits of computing, but to do so in a way that asserts individual and collective autonomy over our time and data? Drawing on the ideas of the ‘slow movement’, Slow Computing sets out numerous practical and political means to take back control and counter the more pernicious effects of living digital lives.
Slow Computing: Why We Need Balanced Digital Lives
by Rob Kitchin Alistair FraserDigital technologies should be making life easier. And to a large degree they are, transforming everyday tasks of work, consumption, communication, travel and play. But they are also accelerating and fragmenting our lives affecting our well-being and exposing us to extensive data extraction and profiling that helps determine our life chances. Initially, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown seemed to create new opportunities for people to practice ‘slow computing’, but it quickly became clear that it was as difficult, if not more so, than during normal times. Is it then possible to experience the joy and benefits of computing, but to do so in a way that asserts individual and collective autonomy over our time and data? Drawing on the ideas of the ‘slow movement’, Slow Computing sets out numerous practical and political means to take back control and counter the more pernicious effects of living digital lives.
Slow Viscous Flow
by William E. Langlois Michel O. DevilleLeonardo wrote, “Mechanics is the paradise of the mathematical sciences, because by means of it one comes to the fruits of mathematics”; replace “Mechanics” by “Fluid mechanics” and here we are.- From the Preface to the Second EditionAlthough the exponential growth of computer power has advanced the importance of simulations and visualization tools for elaborating new models, designs and technologies, the discipline of fluid mechanics is still large, and turbulence in flows remains a challenging problem in classical physics. Like its predecessor, the revised and expanded Second Edition of this book addresses the basic principles of fluid mechanics and solves fluid flow problems where viscous effects are the dominant physical phenomena.Much progress has occurred in the half a century that has passed since the edition of 1964. As predicted, aspects of hydrodynamics once considered offbeat have risen to importance. For example, the authors have worked on problems where variations in viscosity and surface tension cannot be ignored. The advent of nanotechnology has broadened interest in the hydrodynamics of thin films, and hydromagnetic effects and radiative heat transfer are routinely encountered in materials processing. This monograph develops the basic equations, in the three most important coordinate systems, in a way that makes it easy to incorporate these phenomena into the theory.The book originally described by Prof. Langlois as "a monograph on theoretical hydrodynamics, written in the language of applied mathematics" offers much new coverage including the second principle of thermodynamics, the Boussinesq approximation, time dependent flows, Marangoni convection, Kovasznay flow, plane periodic solutions, Hele-Shaw cells, Stokeslets, rotlets, finite element methods, Wannier flow, corner eddies, and analysis of the Stokes operator.
Slum Development in India: A Study of Slums in Kalaburagi (The Urban Book Series)
by Sulochana ShekharThis book is an earnest effort in understanding the slums and their needs by taking a case study of Kalaburagi, India. This study aims to contribute sustainable methodologies to advance the living conditions of slum dwellers and for better execution of slum policies. The core objectives are: 1) mapping the existing slums of Kalaburagi (formerly Gulbarga) city using slum ontology from very high-resolution data and validating the slum map through ground survey and using reliable data; 2) developing a model to understand the factors which are responsible for the present growth as well as to predict the future growth of slums; 3) estimating the housing demand of urban poor and suggesting a suitable site for the rehabilitation program; and 4) suggestions for the better intervention of government policies with special reference to in-situ program.Urban is the future, and slums are its reality. Sustainable development goals are directly and indirectly concerned about the increasing urbanization and the slums. Housing the urban poor and affordable housing to all are the national missions. Practically making these plans successful depends on a deep understanding of urban issues and proper methodology and technology to handle it. The participatory slum mapping, cellular automata slum model, housing demand analysis, and the spatial decision support system demonstrated in the book help in monitoring and managing the slums and thus lead towards a slum-free India.
SMACing the Bank: How to Use Social Media, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud Technologies to Transform the Business Processes of Banks and the Banking Experience
by Balaji Raghunathan Rajashekara MaiyaThe formula for the Future of Work is called SMAC - social, mobile, analytics and cloud on one integrated stack where each function enables another to maximize its effect. This is the new enterprise IT model delivering an organization that is more connective, collaborative, real time and productive. This book provides a comprehensive view of how SMAC Technologies are impacting the entire banking "eco-system" as well as the key stakeholders, namely customers, employees and partners.
SMACing the Bank: How to Use Social Media, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud Technologies to Transform the Business Processes of Banks and the Banking Experience
by Balaji Raghunathan Rajashekara MaiyaThe formula for the Future of Work is called SMAC - social, mobile, analytics and cloud on one integrated stack where each function enables another to maximize its effect. This is the new enterprise IT model delivering an organization that is more connective, collaborative, real time and productive. This book provides a comprehensive view of how SMAC Technologies are impacting the entire banking "eco-system" as well as the key stakeholders, namely customers, employees and partners.
The Small Business Computer Guide
by Joseph BeckmanAnyone who needs information about computer systems for small or home businesses will find The Small Business Computer Guide to be an invaluable, thorough review of all aspects of computer systems and technology suited to small businesses. In clear, easy-to-understand language, The Small Business Computer Guide explains hardware components, software, and telecommunications, with an emphasis on productivity, efficiency, and how systems and components can be configured to best serve anindividual business' needs. Consideration is given to budgetary restraints, and Joseph S Beckman offers numerous tips and suggestions on how to put together the right system. Joseph S Beckman is a lawyer in private practice and has spent many yearsusing coputers in his legal work. He lives in Plantation, Florida.
Small Business Exposed: The Tribes That Drive Economies
by Scott Holmes Michael T. SchaperThis book is a look into the world of the small business owner through their eyes – how the five different "tribes" of business perceive the world around them, how they run their businesses, their motivations and goals. It’s not another "how to" book or an academic treatise. Everyone’s needs and hopes are different; however, by using cutting-edge social scientific research techniques, we break the business community into five groups (or tribes): The Seekers, Whatnows, Drifters, Satisficers and Digitals. Each tribe has its own set of issues. And there are also some things which cut across all the tribes – the consistent elements in small business owners’ DNA. Understanding which tribe you belong to could make the difference in growing your business – or help you better advise businesses to achieve their goals. Small Business Exposed will bridge the gap between the frontiers of small business research and the popular business book market. As such, it will become an essential text not only for the small businessperson, but also enter the libraries of advisors, accountants, bankers and anyone else with a vested interest in the business economy.
Small Business Exposed: The Tribes That Drive Economies
by Scott Holmes Michael T. SchaperThis book is a look into the world of the small business owner through their eyes – how the five different "tribes" of business perceive the world around them, how they run their businesses, their motivations and goals. It’s not another "how to" book or an academic treatise. Everyone’s needs and hopes are different; however, by using cutting-edge social scientific research techniques, we break the business community into five groups (or tribes): The Seekers, Whatnows, Drifters, Satisficers and Digitals. Each tribe has its own set of issues. And there are also some things which cut across all the tribes – the consistent elements in small business owners’ DNA. Understanding which tribe you belong to could make the difference in growing your business – or help you better advise businesses to achieve their goals. Small Business Exposed will bridge the gap between the frontiers of small business research and the popular business book market. As such, it will become an essential text not only for the small businessperson, but also enter the libraries of advisors, accountants, bankers and anyone else with a vested interest in the business economy.
Small Business For Dummies
by Eric Tyson Jim SchellEasy-to-follow advice on launching, managing, and growing your business, and making it pay off Small Business For Dummies is the essential guide you need to owning and operating a small business. You’re ready to add your name to the roster of business owners, and this book is here to give you the advice you’ll need at all stages of the game. Start off with insight on preparing to launch a small business, including picking the right business to pursue and getting all the paperwork in order. If you want to purchase an existing business, this book also has you covered. Plus, you’ll learn how to wear all the hats a small business owner must wear, including being your own HR manager, accountant, and marketer—and to make it all work. Create a business plan and learn how to fund your business idea Tackle the basics of small business bookkeeping so you can budget for success Explore the idea of purchasing a business, and hire excellent employees Avoid the most common mistakes that first-time business owners makeThis jargon-free book meets small business owners wherever they are on the road to business success. Small Business For Dummies is great for those just toying with the idea of opening a business, and for those who already call themselves “boss” but need a few extra pointers on making things run smoothly.
Small Business For Dummies
by Eric Tyson Jim SchellEasy-to-follow advice on launching, managing, and growing your business, and making it pay off Small Business For Dummies is the essential guide you need to owning and operating a small business. You’re ready to add your name to the roster of business owners, and this book is here to give you the advice you’ll need at all stages of the game. Start off with insight on preparing to launch a small business, including picking the right business to pursue and getting all the paperwork in order. If you want to purchase an existing business, this book also has you covered. Plus, you’ll learn how to wear all the hats a small business owner must wear, including being your own HR manager, accountant, and marketer—and to make it all work. Create a business plan and learn how to fund your business idea Tackle the basics of small business bookkeeping so you can budget for success Explore the idea of purchasing a business, and hire excellent employees Avoid the most common mistakes that first-time business owners makeThis jargon-free book meets small business owners wherever they are on the road to business success. Small Business For Dummies is great for those just toying with the idea of opening a business, and for those who already call themselves “boss” but need a few extra pointers on making things run smoothly.
Small Business Server 2008 – Installation, Migration, and Configuration: Installation, Migration, And Configuration
by David OvertonThis book presents step-by-step guidance through the installation and configuration process with the help of numerous screenshots. It contains many snippets of information and guidance on decision making. As every eventuality can't be covered, there are links to online information as well as pointers to forums the author personally interacts with to answer additional questions. This book is designed for anyone who needs to install and configure SBS 2008. You don't need to be a technical consultant who wants to tweak every setting to become an SBS success. This book will help those with a basic understanding of technology and a desire to install and use SBS 2008 quickly and continue with their business.
Small Dynamic Complexity Classes: An Investigation into Dynamic Descriptive Complexity (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10110)
by Thomas Zeume"Small Dynamic Complexity Classes" was awarded the E.W. Beth Dissertation Prize 2016 for outstanding dissertations in the fields of logic, language, and information. The thesis studies the foundations of query re-evaluation after modifying a database. It explores the structure of small dynamic descriptive complexity classes and provides new methods for proving lower bounds in this dynamic context. One of the contributions to the former aspect helped to confirm the conjecture by Patnaik and Immerman (1997) that reachability can be maintained by first-order update formulas.
Small Flying Drones: Applications for Geographic Observation
by Gianluca Casagrande András Sik Gergely SzabóThis book focuses on small flying drones and their applications in conducting geographic surveys. Scholars and professionals will discover the potential of this tool, and hopefully develop a conceptual and methodological framework for doing the following things: a) Translate their data acquisition needs into specifications. (b) Use the developed specifications to choose the best accessible configuration for their drones, and (c) Design and organize effective and low-cost field deployment and flight operations by integrating technical aspects with regulatory and research requirements. Readers can apply this knowledge to work in cartography, environmental monitoring and analysis, land-use studies and landscape archaeology. Particular attention is also given to the reasons why a drone can dramatically boost a geographer’s capability to understand geographic phenomena both from hard-science and humanities-oriented approach.
Small Fry: Sunday Time's Best Memoirs of the Year
by Lisa Brennan-JobsVogue's Best Books of the Year, 2018Sunday Times' Best Memoirs of the Year, 2018A New York Times Book of the YearNew Yorker Book of the YearA frank, smart and captivating memoir by the daughter of Apple founder Steve Jobs.Born on a farm and named in a field by her parents - artist Chrisann Brennan and Steve Jobs - Lisa Brennan-Jobs's childhood unfolded in a rapidly changing Silicon Valley. When she was young, Lisa's father was a mythical figure who was rarely present in her life. As she grew older, her father took an interest in her, ushering her into a new world of mansions, holidays and private schools. His attention was thrilling, but he could also be cold, critical and unpredictable. When her relationship with her mother grew strained in high school, Lisa decided to move in with her father, hoping he'd become the parent she'd always wanted him to be.Small Fry is Lisa Brennan-Jobs's poignant story of a childhood spent between two imperfect but extraordinary homes. Scrappy, wise and funny, young Lisa is an unforgettable guide through her parents' fascinating and disparate worlds. Part portrait of a complex family, part love letter to California in the seventies and eighties, Small Fry is an enthralling book by an insightful new literary voice.
Small-Scale Robotics From Nano-to-Millimeter-Sized Robotic Systems and Applications: First International Workshop, microICRA 2013, Karlsruhe, Germany, May 6-10, 2013, Revised and Extended Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8336)
by Igor Paprotny Sarah BergbreiterThis book contains selected contributions from some of the most renowned researchers in the field of small-scale robotics, based in large part on invited presentations from the workshop “The Different Sizes of Small-Scale Robotics: from Nano-, to Millimeter-Sized Robotic Systems and Applications,” which was held in conjunction with the conjunction with the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2013), in May 2013 in Karlsruhe, Germany. With many potential applications in areas such as medicine, manufacturing or search and rescue, small-scale robotics represent a new emerging frontier in robotics research. The aim of this book is to provide an insight to ongoing research and future directions in this novel, continuously evolving field, which lies at the intersection of engineering, computer science, material science and biology.
Small Signal Audio Design
by Douglas SelfSmall Signal Audio Design is a highly practical handbook providing an extensive repertoire of circuits that can be assembled to make almost any type of audio system. This fully revised fourth edition offers wholly new content on internally balanced audio design, electret microphones, emitter-follower stability, microphony in capacitors, and much, much more. This book continues the engaging prose style familiar to readers as you learn why mercury-filled cables are not a good idea, the pitfalls of plating gold on copper, and what quotes from Star Trek have to do with PCB design. Learn how to: make amplifiers with apparently impossibly low noise design discrete circuitry that can handle enormous signals with vanishingly low distortion transform the performance of low-cost opamps build active filters with very low noise and distortion while saving money on expensive capacitors make incredibly accurate volume controls make a huge variety of audio equalisers use load synthesis to make magnetic cartridge preamplifiers that have noise so low it is limited by basic physics sum, switch, clip, compress, and route audio signals build simple but ultra-low noise power supplies be confident that phase perception is not an issue. Including all the crucial theories, but with minimal mathematics, Small Signal Audio Design is the must-have companion for anyone studying, researching, or working in audio engineering and audio electronics.
Small Signal Audio Design
by Douglas SelfSmall Signal Audio Design is a highly practical handbook providing an extensive repertoire of circuits that can be assembled to make almost any type of audio system. This fully revised fourth edition offers wholly new content on internally balanced audio design, electret microphones, emitter-follower stability, microphony in capacitors, and much, much more. This book continues the engaging prose style familiar to readers as you learn why mercury-filled cables are not a good idea, the pitfalls of plating gold on copper, and what quotes from Star Trek have to do with PCB design. Learn how to: make amplifiers with apparently impossibly low noise design discrete circuitry that can handle enormous signals with vanishingly low distortion transform the performance of low-cost opamps build active filters with very low noise and distortion while saving money on expensive capacitors make incredibly accurate volume controls make a huge variety of audio equalisers use load synthesis to make magnetic cartridge preamplifiers that have noise so low it is limited by basic physics sum, switch, clip, compress, and route audio signals build simple but ultra-low noise power supplies be confident that phase perception is not an issue. Including all the crucial theories, but with minimal mathematics, Small Signal Audio Design is the must-have companion for anyone studying, researching, or working in audio engineering and audio electronics.
Small Spacecraft Development Project-Based Learning: Implementation and Assessment of an Academic Program
by Jeremy Straub Ronald Arthur Marsh David J. WhalenThis book provides the information that is required to start a small spacecraft program for educational purposes. This will include a discussion of multiple approaches to program formation and build / buy / hybrid decision considerations. The book also discusses how a CubeSat (or other small spacecraft program) can be integrated into course and/or program curriculum and the ancillary benefits that such a program can provide. The assessment of small spacecraft programs and participatory project-based learning programs is also discussed extensively. The book presents prior work related to program assessment (both for a single program and internationally) and discusses how similar techniques can be utilized for both formative and summative assessment of a new program. The utility of these metrics (and past assessment of other programs) in gaining buy-in for program formation and funding is also considered.
Small Teaching Online: Applying Learning Science in Online Classes
by Flower Darby James M. LangFind out how to apply learning science in online classes The concept of small teaching is simple: small and strategic changes have enormous power to improve student learning. Instructors face unique and specific challenges when teaching an online course. This book offers small teaching strategies that will positively impact the online classroom. This book outlines practical and feasible applications of theoretical principles to help your online students learn. It includes current best practices around educational technologies, strategies to build community and collaboration, and minor changes you can make in your online teaching practice, small but impactful adjustments that result in significant learning gains. • Explains how you can support your online students • Helps your students find success in this non-traditional learning environment • Covers online and blended learning • Addresses specific challenges that online instructors face in higher education Small Teaching Online presents research-based teaching techniques from an online instructional design expert and the bestselling author of Small Teaching.