- Table View
- List View
Understanding Problems of Practice: A Case Study in Design Research (SpringerBriefs in Educational Communications and Technology)
by Dawn Hathaway Priscilla NortonToday, K-12 practitioners are challenged to become educational innovators. Yet, little is available to the practitioner to guide their reflection about the design, development, and implementation of these innovations in their own practice. This brief approaches such problems of practice from the perspectives of design research. Although design research typically centers on the partnership between researchers and practitioners in real-world settings, relationships between researchers and practitioners are not always practical. In this brief, the authors explore how the design research process can make the goals, assumptions, processes, methods, and outcomes of design research uniquely accessible to the practitioner. In clear, explicit language, it introduces design research to practitioners using both expository discussions and a robust narrative case study approach that ably guides the reader through the phases of design research, namely:Theory to innovation to practiceUnderstanding problems of practiceCreating a design solutionAssessing the design solutionEvaluating learning outcomesCapturing lessons for practiceUnderstanding Problems of Practice is a singular resource for teachers and practitioners enrolled in graduate research courses or courses on teacher leadership. It also lends itself well as a supplement to professional development activities and studies at the district, school, and professional learning community levels.
Understanding Programming Languages
by Cliff B. JonesThis book is about describing the meaning of programming languages. The author teaches the skill of writing semantic descriptions as an efficient way to understand the features of a language. While a compiler or an interpreter offers a form of formal description of a language, it is not something that can be used as a basis for reasoning about that language nor can it serve as a definition of a programming language itself since this must allow a range of implementations. By writing a formal semantics of a language a designer can yield a far shorter description and tease out, analyse and record design choices. Early in the book the author introduces a simple notation, a meta-language, used to record descriptions of the semantics of languages. In a practical approach, he considers dozens of issues that arise in current programming languages and the key techniques that must be mastered in order to write the required formal semantic descriptions. The book concludes with a discussion of the eight key challenges: delimiting a language (concrete representation), delimiting the abstract content of a language, recording semantics (deterministic languages), operational semantics (non-determinism), context dependency, modelling sharing, modelling concurrency, and modelling exits. The content is class-tested and suitable for final-year undergraduate and postgraduate courses. It is also suitable for any designer who wants to understand languages at a deep level. Most chapters offer projects, some of these quite advanced exercises that ask for complete descriptions of languages, and the book is supported throughout with pointers to further reading and resources. As a prerequisite the reader should know at least one imperative high-level language and have some knowledge of discrete mathematics notation for logic and set theory.
Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences: Does Representation Need Reality?
by Alexander Riegler Markus Peschl Astrid Von Steinurrently a paradigm shift is occurring in for the conventional understanding of represen- which the traditional view of the brain as tions. The paper also summarizes the rationale for C representing the "things of the world" is the selection of contributions to this volume, which challenged in several respects. The present volume will roughly proceed from relatively "realist" c- is placed at the edge of this transition. Based on the ceptions of representation to more "constructivist" 1997 conference "New Trends in Cognitive Sci- interpretations. The final chapter of discussions, ence" in Vienna, Austria, it tries to collect and in- taped during and at the end of the conference, p- grate evidence from various disciplines such as p- vides the reader with the possibility to reflect upon losophy of science, neuroscience, computational the different approaches and thus contributes to b- approaches, psychology, semiotics, evolutionary ter and more integrative understanding of their biology, social psychology etc. , to foster a new thoughts and ideas. understanding of representation. The subjective experience of an outside world This book has a truly interdisciplinary character. It seems to suggest a mapping process where environ- is presented in a form that is readily accessible to mental entities are projected into our mind via some professionals and students alike across the cognitive kind of transmission. While a profound critique of sciences such as neuroscience, computer science, this idea is nearly as old as philosophy, it has gained philosophy, psychology, and sociology.
Understanding Search Engines
by Dirk LewandowskiThis book provides a broad introduction to search engines by integrating five different perspectives on Web search and search engines that are usually dealt with separately: the technical perspective, the user perspective, the internet-based research perspective, the economic perspective, and the societal perspective.After a general introduction to the topic, two foundational chapters present how search tools can cover the Web’s content and how search engines achieve this by crawling and processing the found documents. The next chapter on user behavior covers how people phrase their search queries and interact with search engines. This knowledge builds the foundation for describing how results are ranked and presented. The following three chapters then deal with the economic side of search engines, i.e., Google and the search engine market, search engine optimization (SEO), and the intermingling of organic and sponsored search results. Next, the chapter on search skills presents techniques for improving searches through advanced search interfaces and commands. Following that, the Deep Web and how its content can be accessed is explained. The two subsequent chapters cover ways to improve the quality of search results, while the next chapter describes how to access the Deep Web. Last but not least, the following chapter deals with the societal role of search engines before the final chapter concludes the book with an outlook on the future of Web search.With this book, students and professionals in disciplines like computer science, online marketing, or library and information science will learn how search engines work, what their main shortcomings are at present, and what prospects there are for their further development. The different views presented will help them to understand not only the basic technologies but also the implications the current implementations have concerning economic exploitation and societal impact.
Understanding Semantics-Based Decision Support
by Sarika JainThis book is an attempt to establish in the readers the importance of creating interoperable data stores and writing rules for handling this data. It also covers extracts from a few project dissertations and a research funded project that the author had supervised.• Describes the power of ontologies for better data management• Provides an overview of knowledge engineering including ontology engineering, tools and techniques• Provides sample development procedures for creating two domain ontologies.• Depicts the utility of ontological representation in situation awareness• Demonstrates recommendation engine for unconventional emergencies using a hybrid reasoning approach.• The text explains how to make better utilization of resources when emergency strikesGraduates and undergraduates doing courses in artificial intelligence, semantic web and knowledge engineering will find this book beneficial.
Understanding Semantics-Based Decision Support
by Sarika JainThis book is an attempt to establish in the readers the importance of creating interoperable data stores and writing rules for handling this data. It also covers extracts from a few project dissertations and a research funded project that the author had supervised.• Describes the power of ontologies for better data management• Provides an overview of knowledge engineering including ontology engineering, tools and techniques• Provides sample development procedures for creating two domain ontologies.• Depicts the utility of ontological representation in situation awareness• Demonstrates recommendation engine for unconventional emergencies using a hybrid reasoning approach.• The text explains how to make better utilization of resources when emergency strikesGraduates and undergraduates doing courses in artificial intelligence, semantic web and knowledge engineering will find this book beneficial.
Understanding Semiconductors: A Technical Guide for Non-Technical People (Maker Innovations Series)
by Corey RichardGain complete understanding of electronic systems and their constituent parts. From the origins of the semiconductor industry right up until today, this book serves as a technical primer to semiconductor technology. Spanning design and manufacturing to the basic physics of electricity, it provides a comprehensive base of understanding from transistor to iPhone. Melding an accessible, conversational style with over 100 diagrams and illustrations, Understanding Semiconductors provides clear explanations of technical concepts going deep enough to fully explain key vernacular, mechanisms, and basic processes, without getting lost in the supporting theories or the theories that support the supporting theories. Concepts are tethered to the real world with crisp analysis of industry dynamics and future trends. As a break from the straight-ahead scientific concepts that keep the world of semiconductors spinning, Understanding Semiconductors is liberally sprinkled with apt analogies that elucidate difficult concepts. For example, when describing the relationship between voltage, current, power, and the flow of electricity through an electronic system, the book draws a parallel to a hot shower and the water utility system. Most of these are paired with clear visuals, giving you the best chance possible to absorb the concept at hand before moving on to the next topic. Whether you’re narrowly technical or don’t know silicon from silly putty, working directly in hardware technologies and want to know more, or simply a curious person seeking hard information about the technology that powers the modern world, Understanding Semiconductors will be an informative, dependable resource. What You'll Learn: Charge, Electricity, and Basic Physics What are Semiconductors The Semiconductor Value Chain and Design Trade-Offs Transistors and Other Common Circuit Building Blocks Semiconductor Design from Concept to Tapeout Wafer Fabrication and Semiconductor Manufacturing Process Integrated Circuit (IC) Packaging and Signal & Power Integrity (SIPI) Common Circuits and System Components RF and Wireless Technologies System Architecture and Integration The Semiconductor Industry - Challenges, History, and Trends The Future of Semiconductors and Electronic Systems Who This Book Is For: People working directly in the semiconductor, electronics, and hardware technologies fields or in supporting industries, hobbyists and new electrical engineering enthusiasts with minimal technical experience or pre-existing qualifications, and curious individuals interested in learning more about a fascinating area of technology. Though designed for a non- or semi-technical reader, engineers focused in one particular domain can also use this book to broaden their understanding in areas that aren’t directly related to their core area of expertise.
Understanding SGML and XML Tools: Practical programs for handling structured text
by Peter FlynnPeter Flynn has been an enthusiastic and skillful contributor in the world of SGML and XML for many years, and it is a pleasure to see him set some of his expertise down in writing as well. The range and power of SGML tools have taken a sharp upward turn: the first step leading to this was that the Web came along with HTML, and showed the whole world that pointy brackets and (at least somewhat) descriptive markup could make a difference. Soon afterward, 'HTML claustrophobia' began to grow and XML came to the rescue. Since XML is fundamentally an elegant subset of SGML that reduces complexity without reducing functionality, the movement to XML is great for SGML too. The massive interest in XML is bringing forth a huge variety of new, faster, more powerful, and cheaper software tools. Peter has caught the cusp of this change and shows in detail how SGML and XML tools fit together into integrated solutions that return value for your investment in structured information.
Understanding Social Engineering Based Scams
by Markus JakobssonThis book describes trends in email scams and offers tools and techniques to identify such trends. It also describes automated countermeasures based on an understanding of the type of persuasive methods used by scammers. It reviews both consumer-facing scams and enterprise scams, describing in-depth case studies relating to Craigslist scams and Business Email Compromise Scams. This book provides a good starting point for practitioners, decision makers and researchers in that it includes alternatives and complementary tools to the currently deployed email security tools, with a focus on understanding the metrics of scams. Both professionals working in security and advanced-level students interested in privacy or applications of computer science will find this book a useful reference.
Understanding Social Media: How to Create a Plan for Your Business that Works
by Damian RyanUnderstanding Social Media is the essential guide to social media for students and professionals alike. Drawing on the experience, advice and tips from dozens of digital marketers and social media superstars, it is an extensive crowd-sourced guide to social media platforms.Illustrated throughout with case studies from both successful and failed campaigns, Understanding Social Media democratizes knowledge of social media and promotes best practice, answering questions such as 'How do you create a compelling social media campaign?', 'How do you build and engage with an audience?' and 'Where is the line between online PR and social media drawn?' It is the most comprehensive and practical reference guide to social media available.
Understanding Social Media: How to Create a Plan for Your Business that Works
by Damian RyanUnderstanding Social Media is the essential guide to social media for students and professionals alike. Drawing on the experience, advice and tips from dozens of digital marketers and social media superstars, it is an extensive crowd-sourced guide to social media platforms.Illustrated throughout with case studies from both successful and failed campaigns, Understanding Social Media democratizes knowledge of social media and promotes best practice, answering questions such as 'How do you create a compelling social media campaign?', 'How do you build and engage with an audience?' and 'Where is the line between online PR and social media drawn?' It is the most comprehensive and practical reference guide to social media available.
Understanding Social Media and Entrepreneurship: The Business of Hashtags, Likes, Tweets and Stories (Exploring Diversity in Entrepreneurship)
by Alan L. Carsrud Leon Schjoedt Malin E. BrännbackSocial media offers an opportunity for people to enlarge their exposure to information; information about important changes and trends in technology, markets, government policies, or society in general that can facilitate entrepreneurship, business development, and more. Despite the widespread cultural and social effects of social media in the way people communicate and interact, little research has addressed the role of social media in entrepreneurship. This book fills this gap by exploring the influence and consequences social media has on entrepreneurship at the individual level, group level, venture (firm) level and societal level. Specific social media platforms (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) will be explored as well as topics such as gender, education and socioemotional wealth.
Understanding Software: Max Kanat-Alexander on simplicity, coding, and how to suck less as a programmer
by Max Kanat-AlexanderSoftware legend Max Kanat-Alexander shows you how to succeed as a developer by embracing simplicity, with forty-three essays that will help you really understand the software you work with. About This Book • Read and enjoy the superlative writing and insights of the legendary Max Kanat-Alexander • Learn and reflect with Max on how to bring simplicity to your software design principles • Discover the secrets of rockstar programmers and how to also just suck less as a programmer Who This Book Is For Understanding Software is for every programmer, or anyone who works with programmers. If life is feeling more complex than it should be, and you need to touch base with some clear thinking again, this book is for you. If you need some inspiration and a reminder of how to approach your work as a programmer by embracing some simplicity in your work again, this book is for you. If you're one of Max's followers already, this book is a collection of Max's thoughts selected and curated for you to enjoy and reflect on. If you're new to Max's work, and ready to connect with the power of simplicity again, this book is for you! What You Will Learn • See how to bring simplicity and success to your programming world • Clues to complexity - and how to build excellent software • Simplicity and software design • Principles for programmers • The secrets of rockstar programmers • Max's views and interpretation of the Software industry • Why Programmers suck and how to suck less as a programmer • Software design in two sentences • What is a bug? Go deep into debugging In Detail In Understanding Software, Max Kanat-Alexander, Technical Lead for Code Health at Google, shows you how to bring simplicity back to computer programming. Max explains to you why programmers suck, and how to suck less as a programmer. There's just too much complex stuff in the world. Complex stuff can't be used, and it breaks too easily. Complexity is stupid. Simplicity is smart. Understanding Software covers many areas of programming, from how to write simple code to profound insights into programming, and then how to suck less at what you do! You'll discover the problems with software complexity, the root of its causes, and how to use simplicity to create great software. You'll examine debugging like you've never done before, and how to get a handle on being happy while working in teams. Max brings a selection of carefully crafted essays, thoughts, and advice about working and succeeding in the software industry, from his legendary blog Code Simplicity. Max has crafted forty-three essays which have the power to help you avoid complexity and embrace simplicity, so you can be a happier and more successful developer. Max's technical knowledge, insight, and kindness, has earned him code guru status, and his ideas will inspire you and help refresh your approach to the challenges of being a developer. Style and approach Understanding Software is a new selection of carefully chosen and crafted essays from Max Kanat-Alexander's legendary blog call Code Simplicity. Max's writing and thoughts are great to sit and read cover to cover, or if you prefer you can drop in and see what you discover new every single time!
Understanding Spectrum Liberalisation
by Martin Sims Toby Youell Richard WomersleyUntil the 1990s, almost all spectrum licenses were given away practically for free-even the first mobile licenses which laid the foundation for multi-billion dollar companies that dominate stock markets around the world. In the past fifteen years, there has been a concerted attempt to liberalise the sector and make it more open to market forces. Th
Understanding Spectrum Liberalisation
by Martin Sims Toby Youell Richard WomersleyUntil the 1990s, almost all spectrum licenses were given away practically for free-even the first mobile licenses which laid the foundation for multi-billion dollar companies that dominate stock markets around the world. In the past fifteen years, there has been a concerted attempt to liberalise the sector and make it more open to market forces. Th
Understanding SQL (Computer Science Series)
by Elizabeth LynchThis introduction to the SQL database manipulation language, based around the 1986 ANSI standard, uses DB2, dBASE IV SQL, Informix and Oracle as representatives of the range of over 50 SQL implementations.
Understanding Statistics Using R
by Randall Schumacker Sara TomekThis book was written to provide resource materials for teachers to use in their introductory or intermediate statistics class. The chapter content is ordered along the lines of many popular statistics books so it should be easy to supplement the content and exercises with class lecture materials. The book contains R script programs to demonstrate important topics and concepts covered in a statistics course, including probability, random sampling, population distribution types, role of the Central Limit Theorem, creation of sampling distributions for statistics, and more. The chapters contain T/F quizzes to test basic knowledge of the topics covered. In addition, the book chapters contain numerous exercises with answers or solutions to the exercises provided. The chapter exercises reinforce an understanding of the statistical concepts presented in the chapters. An instructor can select any of the supplemental materials to enhance lectures and/or provide additional coverage of concepts and topics in their statistics book.
Understanding System.IO for .NET Core 3: Implementing Internal and Commercial Tools
by Roger VillelaTake full advantage of the .NET APIs in System.IO to achieve fundamental I/O operations and produce better quality software. You’ll start with the basics of creating a .NET Core custom library for System.IO. You will learn the purpose and benefits of a custom cross-platform .NET Core library along with the implementation architecture of the custom library components. Moving forward, you will learn how to use the .NET APIs of System.IO for getting information about resources. Here, you will go through drives, directories, files, and much more in the .NET API. You’ll discuss manipulation of resources and the environment, where you will learn how to build custom IO actions for resource manipulation followed by its properties and security. Next, you will learn special .NET API operations with System.IO with demonstrations on working with collection of resources, directories, files, and system information. Finally, you will go through the managed and unmanaged streams in the .NET API such as memory stream, file stream, and much more.After reading Understanding System.IO for .NET Core 3, you will be able to work with different features of .System.IO in .NET Core and implement its internal and commercial tools for different I/O scenarios.What You Will Learn Discover the inner workings of the System.IO BCL implementation on the .NET Core platform Work with System.IO mechanisms available through the .NET Core platform Write a custom library that encapsulates .NET APIs from System.IO Design and implement various tools in System.IO Who This Book Is ForDevelopers with prior experience of working in .NET or .NET Core.
Understanding TCP/IP: A Clear And Comprehensive Guide To Tcp/ip Protocols
by Alena Kabelova Libor DostalekThis book is suitable for the novice and experienced system administrators, programmers, and anyone who would like to learn how to work with the TCP/IP protocol suite. It can be read even by those who have little background in networking
Understanding the Artificial: On the Future Shape of Artificial Intelligence (Human-centred Systems)
by Massimo NegrottiIn recent years a vast literature has been produced on the feasibility of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The topic most frequently discussed is the concept of intelligence, with efforts to demonstrate that it is or is not transferable to the computer. Only rarely has attention been focused on the concept of the artificial per se in order to clarify what kind, depth and scope of performance (including intelligence) it could support. Apart from the classic book by H.A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, published in 1969, no serious attempt has been made to define a conceptual frame for understanding the intimate nature of intelligent machines independently of its claimed or denied human-like features. The general aim of this book is to discuss, from different points of view, what we are losing and what we are gaining from the artificial, particularly from AI, when we abandon the original anthropomorphic pretension. There is necessarily a need for analysis of the history of AI and the limits of its plausibility in reproducing the human mind. In addition, the papers presented here aim at redefining the epistemology and the possible targets of the AI discipline, raising problems, and proposing solutions, which should be understood as typical of the artificial rather than of an information-based conception of man.
Understanding the Brain Function and Emotions: 8th International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2019, Almería, Spain, June 3–7, 2019, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11486)
by Hojjat Adeli José Manuel Ferrández Vicente José Ramón Álvarez-Sánchez Félix de la Paz López Javier Toledo MoreoThe two volume set LNCS 11486 and 11487 constitutes the proceedings of the International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2019, held in Almería, Spain,, in June 2019. The total of 103 contributions was carefully reviewed and selected from 190 submissions during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in two volumes, one on understanding the brain function and emotions, addressing topics such as new tools for analyzing neural data, or detection emotional states, or interfacing with physical systems. The second volume deals with bioinspired systems and biomedical applications to machine learning and contains papers related bioinspired programming strategies and all the contributions oriented to the computational solutions to engineering problems in different applications domains, as biomedical systems, or big data solutions.
Understanding the Creative Economy and the Future of Employment
by Jorge Eduardo Fernandez-Pol Charles HarvieThe motivation of this book is simple, yet fundamental: No complete understanding of the modern economy is possible without a thorough grounding in the field of innovation as an economic activity.The book, as its title emphasizes, aims at helping readers to gain a comprehension of two inextricably linked issues: challenging innovation and the future of human work. To this end, the book integrates a triad of topics: innovation as an economic activity, modus operandi of an innovation-driven economy, and the persistent progression toward automation of human jobs.The main message conveyed by this book is that a creative economy will converge to an economy governed by smart machines aka robots, but will produce benefits if addressed in a rational manner.As to the salient features of this book, Accessibility: Accessible to readers with only cursory knowledge (if any) in economicsStyle: Adherence to a discursive, non-mathematical styleBrevity: Covers material in a succinct, easily understandable manner, drawing upon real world examplesAppendices: Each chapter is supplemented with appendices that elaborate upon pertinent real world examples and applicationsSelf-contained: All the key concepts are defined and exemplified within the bookApplicability: Uses examples that resonate with a wide audience of readers concerned about the advance of robotsNon-mathematical diagrams: Provides accessible and readily understandable figures/graphsProtective stance: Contains a rational response to the march of the robots which is useful for workers of all ages
Understanding the Digital Transformation of Socio-Economic-Technological Systems: Dedicated to the 120th Anniversary of Economic Education at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #951)
by Tatiana Kudryavtseva Mohammed Ali Berawi Tessaleno Campos Devezas Sergey Evgenievich BarykinThis book is dedicated to the 120th anniversary of economic education at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU). It gathers the best and most recent research materials of scientists from SPbPU’s Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade and their colleagues from other universities.This book reflects many years of experience, unique results and interesting discoveries made by collaborative teams exploring the following issues: engineering economics, sustainable development and other topics related to the digitalization of enterprises, industries and systems; digital transformation of the service market in the face of global challenges; automation of enterprise control systems, digital and data management solutions for business; socio-economic development and territorial management in the era of Industry 4.0, etc. This book offers various views on challenges faced by today's economy and industry that are undoubtedly relevant to readers of almost all categories: from students to practitioners and scientists, but mostly for researchers.
Understanding the Digital World: Modeling with HERAKLIT
by Peter Fettke Wolfgang ReisigThis book fills a serious gap by providing a conceptual framework for understanding the digital world. This world contains large, heterogeneous systems that have to manage dynamic behavior as well as static items and data. Obviously, new, digital methods are needed to deal with the challenges of the digital world. This book introduces such a method with Heraklit, an intuitively simple, albeit powerful framework for modeling, communicating, and analyzing computer-integrated systems. It integrates proven methods for composing modules, describing behavior with local cause and effect, and digitally representing real- and imagined-world items, resulting in a comprehensive, expressive, concerted, technically simple, digital modeling method. This book is structured according to three Heraklit pillars, starting in Part I with the central Heraklit concept of modules, in particular their composition and refinement. Part II covers the second pillar of Heraklit, dynamics, focusing on modules that describe aspects of behavior. Part III focuses on static aspects. In particular, real- and imagined-world items and their symbolic representation are carefully distinguished and related. Together, these three pillars are consolidated in Part IV, integrating all concepts into a powerful formal framework. The book concludes in Part V with a more comprehensive case study of a typical retail business, recommendations on how to start modeling with Heraklit, and useful graphical conventions for the graphical representation of Heraklit models. Heraklit covers the range from the first informal structuring ideas for a computer-integrated system, through the specification of (business) processes, the contributions of people, organizations, and mechanical devices, up to the construction of software. The book is therefore written for students in areas related to system modeling, system design, and system engineering, as well as for professionals in these fields.
Understanding the Digital World: What You Need to Know about Computers, the Internet, Privacy, and Security
by Brian W. KernighanThe basics of how computer hardware, software, and systems work, and the risks they create for our privacy and securityComputers are everywhere. Some of them are highly visible, in laptops, tablets, cell phones, and smart watches. But most are invisible, like those in appliances, cars, medical equipment, transportation systems, power grids, and weapons. We never see the myriad computers that quietly collect, share, and sometimes leak vast amounts of personal data about us. Through computers, governments and companies increasingly monitor what we do. Social networks and advertisers know far more about us than we should be comfortable with, using information we freely give them. Criminals have all-too-easy access to our data. Do we truly understand the power of computers in our world?Understanding the Digital World explains how computer hardware, software, networks, and systems work. Topics include how computers are built and how they compute; what programming is and why it is difficult; how the Internet and the web operate; and how all of these affect our security, privacy, property, and other important social, political, and economic issues. This book also touches on fundamental ideas from computer science and some of the inherent limitations of computers. It includes numerous color illustrations, notes on sources for further exploration, and a glossary to explain technical terms and buzzwords.Understanding the Digital World is a must-read for all who want to know more about computers and communications. It explains, precisely and carefully, not only how they operate but also how they influence our daily lives, in terms anyone can understand, no matter what their experience and knowledge of technology.