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The International Regulation of Extinction
by Timothy M. SwansonSwanson's book provides a good framework for understanding the extinction process in deeper socio-economic terms, and for evaluating some of the suggestions that have been made to arrest the decline. I am sure it will be of great interest to environmental economists working in this area.' - A. Markandya, Harvard Institute for International Development 'Tim Swanson's International Regulation of Extinction is the most important work on biodiversity to appear for many years. It should cause all concerned, environmentalists, economists, governments, regulators, international agencies to think again. They have misunderstood the causes of extinction, and have misdirected many of their policies as a result. Tim Swanson's work will spawn a whole new era of research. Most importantly, it can help save the world's biodiversity.' - Professor David Pearce, Director, CSERGE, University College London The book presents an economic analysis of the forces contributing to the global decline of biological diversity, and the policies available to control extinctions. The first part of the volume sets forth a revised economic theory of extinction, incorporating the terrestrial and institutional constraints on maintaining existing diversity. It analyses the existing conflicts between human development and biological diversity, entailing an application of the economic theory of learning-by-doing and global nonconvexities. The second half of the volume demonstrates the inefficiency of decentralised (multinational) regulation of biological diversity, and develops the range of approaches available in a global (international) approach to the resource. The policies analysed include transferable development rights, wildlife trade regimes, and intellectual property rights. The book concludes with a proposed agenda for the specification of the framework convention on biological diversity adopted at UNCED in Rio de Janeiro.
International Relations in the Anthropocene: New Agendas, New Agencies and New Approaches
by David Chandler Delf Rothe Franziska MüllerThis textbook introduces advanced students of International Relations (and beyond) to the ways in which the advent of, and reflections on, the Anthropocene impact on the study of global politics and the disciplinary foundations of IR. The book contains 24 chapters, authored by senior academics as well as early career scholars, and is divided into four parts, detailing, respectively, why the Anthropocene is of importance to IR, challenges to traditional approaches to security, the question of governance and agency in the Anthropocene, and new methods and approaches, going beyond the human/nature divide.
International Science and Technology Education: Exploring Culture, Economy and Social Perceptions (The Earthscan Science in Society Series)
by Ortwin Renn Nicole C. Karafyllis Andreas Hohlt Dorothea TaubeEducation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) is crucial for taking advantage of the prospects of new scientific discoveries initiating or promoting technological changes, and managing opportunities and risks associated with innovations. This book explores the emerging perspectives and methodologies of STEM education and its relationship to the cultural understanding of science and technology in an international context. The authors provide a unique perspective on the subject, presenting materials and experiences from non-European industrialized as well as industrializing countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, India, Egypt, Brazil and the USA. The chapters offer a wide scope of interpretations and comparative reviews of STEM education by including narrative elements about cultural developments, considering the influence of culture and social perceptions on technological and social change, and applying innovative tools of qualitative social research. The book represents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary review of the current status and future challenges facing STEM education across the world, including issues such as globalization, interdependencies of norms and values, effects on equity and social justice as well as resilience. Overall the volume provides valuable insights for a broad and comprehensive international comparison of STEM philosophies, approaches and experiences.
International Science and Technology Education: Exploring Culture, Economy and Social Perceptions (The Earthscan Science in Society Series)
by Ortwin Renn Nicole C. Karafyllis Andreas Hohlt Dorothea TaubeEducation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) is crucial for taking advantage of the prospects of new scientific discoveries initiating or promoting technological changes, and managing opportunities and risks associated with innovations. This book explores the emerging perspectives and methodologies of STEM education and its relationship to the cultural understanding of science and technology in an international context. The authors provide a unique perspective on the subject, presenting materials and experiences from non-European industrialized as well as industrializing countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, India, Egypt, Brazil and the USA. The chapters offer a wide scope of interpretations and comparative reviews of STEM education by including narrative elements about cultural developments, considering the influence of culture and social perceptions on technological and social change, and applying innovative tools of qualitative social research. The book represents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary review of the current status and future challenges facing STEM education across the world, including issues such as globalization, interdependencies of norms and values, effects on equity and social justice as well as resilience. Overall the volume provides valuable insights for a broad and comprehensive international comparison of STEM philosophies, approaches and experiences.
International Steam Tables: Properties of Water and Steam based on the Industrial Formulation IAPWS-IF97
by Wolfgang Wagner Hans-Joachim KretzschmarThis book contains steam tables for practical industrial use calculated by using the international standard IAPWS-IF97 for the thermodynamic properties of water and steam and the IAPWS industrial standards for transport and other properties. The complete set of equations of IAPWS-IF97 is presented including all supplementary backward equations adopted by IAPWS for fast calculations of heat cycles, boilers, and steam turbines. The calculation of the properties is not only shown for the usual input parameter pairs pressure and temperature, but also for the parameters pressure and enthalpy, pressure and entropy, enthalpy and entropy. It is for the first time that such a description is given. For designing advanced energy conversion processes, tables and property calculation algorithms of steam up to 2000 °C are given.In addition, these steam tables contain the following features: • Formulas to calculate arbitrary partial derivatives of the eight most important properties from IAPWS-IF97, which are very helpful in non-stationary process modelling, are shown.• The uncertainty values of IAPWS-IF97 regarding the most important properties are included.• Pressure-temperature diagrams with isolines of 26 thermodynamic, transport and other properties are added.
International Straits: Concept, Classification and Rules of Passage
by Ana G. López MartínThe four 1958 Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea, which codi?ed and progressively developed this sector of our legislation, were rather ephemeral despite the fact that they were constituent Conventions. In fact, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) again undertook the same task with the same spirit 20 years later after a long drawn out global negotiation process in which all the marine areas and problems pending were analysed and discussed by the countries attending, and an apparently strengthened majority was attained, including the essential agreement between the principal naval powers and the third world countries, symbolised most grossly in the recognition of exclusive economic areas which were 200 miles wide in exchange for a signi?cant alteration to the legal rules applicable to the international straits. From 1973 to 1982, the negotiations showed that there were a number of particular factors affecting the seas: “strait” countries, user countries, long range ?shing countries, embedded countries, archipelagic countries, broad platform countries, etc. In 1982 when the UNCLOS was adopted, it seemed to be a text with justi?ed pretensions to be in force for a long period of time as the nine years of negotiations required for its adoption had taken into account the main problems pending agreement although not absolutely all.
International Students in American Colleges and Universities: A History
by T. BevisA fascinating and important history of foreign students in American higher education. The book will have appeal to specialists in student services, but also to the thousands of faculty members responsible for teaching and mentoring foreign students.
International Symposium for Intelligent Transportation and Smart City: Branch of ISADS (The International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems) (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies #62)
by Xiaoqing Zeng Xiongyao Xie Jian Sun Limin Ma Yinong ChenThis book presents research advances in intelligent transportation and smart cities in detail, mainly focusing on green traffic and urban utility tunnels, presented at the 3rd International Symposium for Intelligent Transportation and Smart City (ITASC) held at Tongji University, Shanghai, on May 19–20, 2017. It discusses a number of hot topics, such as the 2BMW system (Bus, Bike, Metro and Walking), transportation safety and environmental protection, urban utility design and application, as well as the application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in city design. By connecting the theory and applications of intelligent transportation in smart cities, it enhances traffic efficiency and quality. The book gathers numerous selected papers and lectures, including contributions from respected scholars and the latest engineering advances, to provide guidance to researchers in the field of transportation and urban planning at universities and in related industries.
International Symposium for Intelligent Transportation and Smart City: Branch of ISADS (The International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems) (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies #127)
by Xiaoqing Zeng Xiongyao Xie Jian Sun Limin Ma Yinong ChenThis book presents research advances in intelligent transportation and smart cities in detail, mainly focusing on green traffic and urban utility tunnels, presented at the 4th International Symposium for Intelligent Transportation and Smart City (ITASC) held at Tongji University, Shanghai, on May 8–10, 2019. It discusses a number of hot topics, such as the 2BMW system (Bus, Bike, Metro and Walking), transportation safety and environmental protection, urban utility design and application, as well as the application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in city design. By connecting the theory and applications of intelligent transportation in smart cities, it enhances traffic efficiency and quality. The book gathers numerous selected papers and lectures, including contributions from respected scholars and the latest engineering advances, to provide guidance to researchers in the field of transportation and urban planning at universities and in related industries.The first conference in the ITASC series was held in 2013 as a workshop of the International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized System (ISADS) in Mexico City. The second and third were held in May 2015 and May 2017, respectively, in Tongji University, Shanghai.
International Symposium on Advancing Geodesy in a Changing World: Proceedings of the IAG Scientific Assembly, Kobe, Japan, July 30 – August 4, 2017 (International Association of Geodesy Symposia #149)
by Jeffrey T. Freymueller Laura SánchezThese proceedings contain 23 papers, which are the peer-reviewed versions of presentations made at the Joint Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI). The assembly was held from 30 July to 4 August 2017 in Kobe, Japan. The scientific assembly included seven symposia organized by IAG, and nine joint symposia, along with additional symposia organized by IASPEI. The IAG symposia were structured according to the four IAG Commissions and the three GGOS Focus Areas, and included reference frames, static and time-variable gravity field, Earth rotation and geodynamics, multi-signal positioning, geodetic remote sensing, and GGOS. The joint symposia included monitoring of the cryosphere, studies of earthquakes, earthquake source processes, and other types of fault slip, geohazard warning systems, deformation of the lithosphere, and seafloor geodesy. Together, the IAG and joint symposia spanned a broad range of work in geodesy and its applications.
International Symposium on Earth and Environmental Sciences for Future Generations: Proceedings of the IAG General Assembly, Prague, Czech Republic, June 22- July 2, 2015 (International Association of Geodesy Symposia #147)
by Jeffrey T. Freymueller Laura SánchezThis book series is composed of peer-reviewed proceedings of selected symposia organized by the International Association of Geodesy. It deals primarily with topics related to Geodesy Earth Sciences : terrestrial reference frame, Earth gravity field, Geodynamics and Earth rotation, Positioning and engineering applications.
International Symposium on Geodesy for Earthquake and Natural Hazards: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geodesy for Earthquake and Natural Hazards (GENAH), Matsushima, Japan, 22-26 July, 2014 (International Association of Geodesy Symposia #145)
by Manabu HashimotoThese proceedings contain a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Symposium on Geodesy for Earthquake and Natural Hazards (GENAH), Matsushima, Japan, 22-26 July, 2014. The scientific sessions focused on monitoring temporal and spatial changes in Earth's lithosphere and atmosphere using geodetic satellite systems, high rate GNSS as well as high resolution imaging (InSAR, Lidar). Researchers in various fields of geodesy discussed the role of geodesy in disaster mitigation and how groups with different techniques can collaborate toward such a goal.
International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2016: Proceedings Organized by IAG Commission 2 and the International Gravity Field Service, Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-23, 2016 (International Association of Geodesy Symposia #148)
by Georgios S. Vergos Roland Pail Riccardo BarzaghiThese proceedings contain 27 papers, which are the peer-reviewed versions of presentations made at the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) symposium “Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2016” (GGHS2016). GGHS2016 was the first Joint international symposium organized by IAG Commission 2 “Gravity Field”, the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS) and the GGOS Focus Area “Unified Height System”. It took place in Thessaloniki, Greece, in September 19-23, 2016 at the premises of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The symposium was organized by the Department of Geodesy and Surveying of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, which presently hosts the IGFS Central Bureau. The focus of the Symposium was on methods for observing, estimating and interpreting the Earth gravity field as well as its applications. GGHS2016 continued the long and successful history of IAG’s Commission 2 Symposia.
International Taxation and the Extractive Industries: Resources without Borders (Routledge Studies in Development Economics)
by Philip Daniel Michael Keen Artur 346 Wistak Victor ThuronyiThe taxation of extractive industries exploiting oil, gas, or minerals is usually treated as a sovereign, national policy and administration issue. This book offers a uniquely comprehensive overview of the theory and practice involved in designing policies on the international aspects of fiscal regimes for these industries, with a particular focus on developing and emerging economies. International Taxation and the Extractive Industries addresses key topics that are not frequently covered in the literature, such as the geo-political implications of cross-border pipelines and the legal implications of mining contracts and regional financial obligations. The contributors, all of whom are leading researchers with experience of working with governments and companies on these issues, present an authoritative collection of chapters. The volume reviews international tax rules, covering both developments in the G20-OECD project on ’Base Erosion and Profit Shifting’ and more radical proposals, identifying core challenges in the extractives sector. This book should become a core resource for both scholars and practitioners. It will also appeal to those interested in international tax issues more widely and those who study environmental economics, macroeconomics and development economics.
International Taxation and the Extractive Industries: Resources without Borders (Routledge Studies in Development Economics)
by Philip Daniel Michael Keen Artur 346 Wistak Victor ThuronyiThe taxation of extractive industries exploiting oil, gas, or minerals is usually treated as a sovereign, national policy and administration issue. This book offers a uniquely comprehensive overview of the theory and practice involved in designing policies on the international aspects of fiscal regimes for these industries, with a particular focus on developing and emerging economies. International Taxation and the Extractive Industries addresses key topics that are not frequently covered in the literature, such as the geo-political implications of cross-border pipelines and the legal implications of mining contracts and regional financial obligations. The contributors, all of whom are leading researchers with experience of working with governments and companies on these issues, present an authoritative collection of chapters. The volume reviews international tax rules, covering both developments in the G20-OECD project on ’Base Erosion and Profit Shifting’ and more radical proposals, identifying core challenges in the extractives sector. This book should become a core resource for both scholars and practitioners. It will also appeal to those interested in international tax issues more widely and those who study environmental economics, macroeconomics and development economics.
International Trade and Economic Growth
by Van den Hendrik Joshua J LewerUnlike any other text on international trade, this groundbreaking book focuses on the dynamic long-run relationship between trade and economic growth rather than the static short-run relationship between trade and economic efficiency. The authors begin with well-known theory on international trade, and then take the student into more recent and less well-known work, all with a careful balance between empirical and theoretical perspectives. A valuable teaching tool for courses in international economics, economic growth, and economic development at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, the book uses some very modest algebra, calculus, and statistics. However, most analytical discussions are built around diagrams in order to make the text accessible to students with a variety of social science backgrounds. An Instructor's Manual is available to professors who adopt the text.
International Trade and Economic Growth
by Van den Hendrik Joshua J LewerUnlike any other text on international trade, this groundbreaking book focuses on the dynamic long-run relationship between trade and economic growth rather than the static short-run relationship between trade and economic efficiency. The authors begin with well-known theory on international trade, and then take the student into more recent and less well-known work, all with a careful balance between empirical and theoretical perspectives. A valuable teaching tool for courses in international economics, economic growth, and economic development at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, the book uses some very modest algebra, calculus, and statistics. However, most analytical discussions are built around diagrams in order to make the text accessible to students with a variety of social science backgrounds. An Instructor's Manual is available to professors who adopt the text.
International Trade and Inclusive Economic Growth: A Case Study of Peru and China
by Harold Delfin Angulo BustinzaExamining economic growth through the lens of poverty, social exclusion, and economic inequality, Harold Delfin Angulo Bustinza offers an econometric analysis of the effects of international trade between Peru and China, which has seen an average annual growth of 22% over the past two decades. China thus plays a key role in Peru's economic growth, whether in imports of primary goods, exports of capital and consumer goods, or direct investment. However, income and wealth inequality in Peru have not improved over the years. Even so, it has been found that growth in international trade between the two countries has the potential to positively benefit Peru’s inclusive economic growth. With global development still on the rise, it is pivotal for us to ensure that all actors of society can benefit from that development, and not just the most privileged. Advocating for the importance of promoting openness in trade, International Trade and Inclusive Economic Growth highlights China and Peru’s unique relationship to prioritize fair and equitable growth for all.
International Trade and Inclusive Economic Growth: A Case Study of Peru and China
by Harold Delfin Angulo BustinzaExamining economic growth through the lens of poverty, social exclusion, and economic inequality, Harold Delfin Angulo Bustinza offers an econometric analysis of the effects of international trade between Peru and China, which has seen an average annual growth of 22% over the past two decades. China thus plays a key role in Peru's economic growth, whether in imports of primary goods, exports of capital and consumer goods, or direct investment. However, income and wealth inequality in Peru have not improved over the years. Even so, it has been found that growth in international trade between the two countries has the potential to positively benefit Peru’s inclusive economic growth. With global development still on the rise, it is pivotal for us to ensure that all actors of society can benefit from that development, and not just the most privileged. Advocating for the importance of promoting openness in trade, International Trade and Inclusive Economic Growth highlights China and Peru’s unique relationship to prioritize fair and equitable growth for all.
International Trade, Economic Crisis and the Sustainable Development Goals
by Tonmoy ChatterjeeIn an ever-shrinking world, the intricate web of international trade has bound nations together in unprecedented ways. The flow of goods, services and ideas across borders is a testament to human ingenuity and cooperation. Yet, the ripples of economic crises, whether spurred by financial meltdowns or unforeseen sociopolitical turmoil, remind us of the fragility that underlies our global economic system. As the deadline for the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) looms before us, International Trade, Economic Crisis and the Sustainable Development Goals delves into the nuances of international trade dynamics, the causes and consequences of economic crises and the alignment of these forces with the SDGs. Together, chapters seek to answer pressing questions: How can international trade be harnessed to foster sustainable development? What strategies can nations employ to weather economic storms while staying true to the SDGs? How do we reconcile the pursuit of economic growth with environmental and social responsibility? Proposing international trade as a path for achieving the SDGs, this curated collection envisions a more equitable and sustainable world, one where the benefits of international trade are fairly distributed, where economic crises are met with resilience and innovation and where the SDGs are not just aspirations but lived realities.
International Trade, Economic Crisis and the Sustainable Development Goals
by Tonmoy ChatterjeeIn an ever-shrinking world, the intricate web of international trade has bound nations together in unprecedented ways. The flow of goods, services and ideas across borders is a testament to human ingenuity and cooperation. Yet, the ripples of economic crises, whether spurred by financial meltdowns or unforeseen sociopolitical turmoil, remind us of the fragility that underlies our global economic system. As the deadline for the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) looms before us, International Trade, Economic Crisis and the Sustainable Development Goals delves into the nuances of international trade dynamics, the causes and consequences of economic crises and the alignment of these forces with the SDGs. Together, chapters seek to answer pressing questions: How can international trade be harnessed to foster sustainable development? What strategies can nations employ to weather economic storms while staying true to the SDGs? How do we reconcile the pursuit of economic growth with environmental and social responsibility? Proposing international trade as a path for achieving the SDGs, this curated collection envisions a more equitable and sustainable world, one where the benefits of international trade are fairly distributed, where economic crises are met with resilience and innovation and where the SDGs are not just aspirations but lived realities.
International Trade Fairs and Inter-Firm Knowledge Flows: Understanding Patterns of Convergence-Divergence in the Technological Specializations of Firms
by Rachael GibsonAgainst a backdrop of economic uncertainty caused by a shift toward protectionism and the COVID-19 pandemic among other issues, this book suggests that international trade fairs (ITFs) represent a vital source of economic dynamism that can support national and regional economies by creating opportunities for firms to access new markets, network with key actors in their industry or value chain, and tap into valuable external knowledge flows regarding new technologies and innovations. Author Rachael Gibson argues that ITFs have become crucial nodes in the global political economy, driving global economic dynamics and mediating differences between capitalist economies regarding their technological and institutional practices and conditions. In this way, ITFs represent a decisive mechanism by which distinct national patterns of technological specialization may converge or diverge.Trade fairs represent important platforms for networking, interactive learning, and knowledge exchange because they foster intense interactions among actors despite spatial boundaries. ITFs also tend to be organized according to a specific technological or industry focus, which means that they can facilitate interactions between firms from different capitalist varieties. Through the diffusion of state-of-the-art knowledge, ITFs may, thus, serve as drivers of economic globalization, challenging the continuation of distinct capitalist varieties by enabling cross-system convergence regarding the technological specializations of firms. Yet, it is clear that countries have retained competitive advantages in specific industries and that full convergence has not taken place. This book explores this puzzle.
International Trade in Wildlife (Routledge Library Editions: Conservation #2)
by Tim Inskipp Sue WellsOriginally published in 1979 International Trade in Wildlife is a product of the 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora conference, containing the full text of the CITIES convention. The volume outlines the animals and plants controlled by CITIES, and describes the protective policies put in place to protect endangered plants and animals. It gives a detailed background to the international traffic in monkey’s, spotted cats, whales, ivory, parrots, tortoises, marine turtles, crocodiles, butterflies, sponges and rare orchids at the time of publication and acts as a comprehensive document on the conservation policies enacted through CITIES, as well as facts surrounding the decline of endangered species. Although published over 40 years ago, the document still offers a comprehensive and useful guide to conservation and will be an important historical document for environmental policy makers and conservationists alike.
International Trade in Wildlife (Routledge Library Editions: Conservation #2)
by Tim Inskipp Sue WellsOriginally published in 1979 International Trade in Wildlife is a product of the 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora conference, containing the full text of the CITIES convention. The volume outlines the animals and plants controlled by CITIES, and describes the protective policies put in place to protect endangered plants and animals. It gives a detailed background to the international traffic in monkey’s, spotted cats, whales, ivory, parrots, tortoises, marine turtles, crocodiles, butterflies, sponges and rare orchids at the time of publication and acts as a comprehensive document on the conservation policies enacted through CITIES, as well as facts surrounding the decline of endangered species. Although published over 40 years ago, the document still offers a comprehensive and useful guide to conservation and will be an important historical document for environmental policy makers and conservationists alike.
International Trade of Secondhand Goods: Flow of Secondhand Goods, Actors and Environmental Impact (IDE-JETRO Series)
by Michikazu Kojima Shozo SakataThis book demonstrates the flow of the international trade of secondhand goods and examines the socio-economic background and mechanisms of the trade. It highlights the actors involved in the trade of secondhand goods and how traditionally secondhand good have largely been traded through social or ethnic networks in order to effectively transfer quality and market information. The development of information technology and emergence of new information platforms have changed these business models. The policies and regulations relating to the trade of secondhand goods are explored, alongside the negative impact of these trades, and the growing awareness of the circular economy. This book illustrates how importing countries as well as international institutions have developed regulations in order to balance these two issues. It will relevant to students and economists interested in development economics and economics geography.