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Desertification and Land Degradation: Concept to Combating

Desertification and land degradation are complex phenomena, and we need to understand their causes, consequences, and means to mitigate and combat their impact. Therefore, this book aims to explain the concept and characteristics of drylands, desert and desertification, land degradation, wastelands, and the concept of ecosystem services. It also discusses various types of processes of land degradations, their characteristics, physics and indicators along with mapping, monitoring and assessment of methods involved. Concept of Ocean Biological Deserts is discussed along with international and regional efforts towards combating land degradation and desertification. Key Features:• Provides all the aspect of desertification and land degradation at one place • Includes comprehensive methods to monitor different desertification/land degradation processes • Comprehensive overview of the mapping, monitoring and modelling techniques • Role of space borne data in identifying, monitoring and combating desertification is evaluated and reported with real case studies • Explains the concept of ocean biological deserts, their characteristics and mapping

Desertification and Risk Analysis Using High and Medium Resolution Satellite Data: Training Workshop on Mapping Desertification (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security)

This work becomes with methodological rigor a part of the innovative proposals for the characterization of the areas at risk of desertification. The complexity of the phenomenon of desertification, which involves extended surfaces in all continents, is one of the most alarming processes of the environmental degradation of our Planet and threatens the health and the living conditions of over a billion of persons. The food crisis, in continuous increase, ask for the world of research to urgently supply reassuring solutions concerning the acquisition of indicators, which are easy to monitor and concur to control the phenomenon in order to fight its acceleration. The constant but different combination that determines the diffusion of deserti- cation in the territories, attributable mostly to climatic changes and the activities of the man, makes our job challenging and complicated, since it varies from region to region. We are aware of all this and therefore we think that the methodological approach of survey of the data is an extremely important element to locate of the phenomenon and to monitor its course. This work, which is characterized for its multi-disciplinary approach, suggests solutions that we wish will quickly find concrete applications at international level. Prof. Bruno Dettori President CNLSD (Comitato Nazionale per la Lotta alla Siccità e alla Desertificazione) v

Desertification in Developed Countries: International Symposium and Workshop on Desertification in Developed Countries: Why can’t We Control It?

Desertification has re-emerged as a topic of global significance as a consequence of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. When first addressed over a generation ago, attention was drawn to the compelling, spectacular images of sand dunes engulfing farmlands and parched cattle dying around wells. Research tended to focus on these events as unusual phenomena that involved the unfortunate collision of climate and `irrational' land use. Since then, the work of many researchers has shown us that desertification is a multifaceted problem that involves climatic, biogeochemical, political, and socio-economic processes that operate more or less continuously but at rates that vary in time and space. No attempts to arrest or reverse desertification that ignore this complexity are likely to succeed. In a single volume, `Desertification in Developed Countries' describes the multiple dimensions of desertification as well as the novel approaches that have been used to address it within the economies of developed countries. This is done from the perspectives and experiences of the numerous authors who have contributed to this book.

Desertification in Europe: Proceedings of the Information Symposium in the EEC Programme on Climatology, held in Mytilene, Greece, 15–18 April 1984

Proceedings of the Information Symposium in the EEC Programme in Climatology held in Mytilene, Greece, April 15-18, 1984

Deserts: Deserts Library Ebook (Geographywise #3)

The aim of this series is to encourage children to explore the wonders of the physical world around them - the geographical features that make our planet unique and amazing - and understand how humans use it. Towering mountains, gushing rivers, windswept deserts and jagged coastlines... each title will first look at the agents of change that form these landforms and then go on to explore the different types of environments in which they can be found, how they are used by humans, from dams to skiing resorts and how they can be conserved. Maps will show where features are found in the world and diagrams will explain formations and processes, such as how a river erodes its valley as it flows down to its mouth, a how block mountain is formed, how waves crashing the shore produce headlands and bays, and how wind scours caves in deserts.

Deserts and arid lands (Remote Sensing of Earth Resources and Environment #1)

Remote sensing is the study of a region from a distance, particularly from an airplane or a spacecraft. It is a tool that can be used in conjunction with other methods of research and investigation. This tool is especially applicable to the study of the deserts and arid lands of the Earth because of their immense size and their inaccessibility to detailed study by conventional means. In this book examples are given of the utility of aerial photographs and space images in the study of semi-arid, arid, and hyper-arid terrains. Emphasis is placed on the physical features and terrain types using examples from around the world. The authors I have called upon to prepare each chapter are renowned specialists whose contributions have received international recognition. To the general reader, this book is a review of our knowledge of the relatively dry parts of the Earth, their classification and varied features, their evolution in space and time, and their development potentials. To the specialist, it is a detailed account of the deserts and arid lands, not only in North America, but also their relatively unknown counterparts in North Africa, Australia, China, India, and Arabia.

Deserts and Desert Environments

Taking a global perspective, this book provides a concise overview of drylands, including their physical, biological, temporal, and human components. Examines the physical systems occurring in desert environments, including climate, hydrology, past and present lakes, weathering, hillslopes, geomorphic surfaces, water as a geomorphic agent, and aeolian processes Offers an accessible introduction to the physical, biological, temporal, and human components of drylands Investigates the nature, environmental requirements, and essential geomorphic roles of plants and animals in this stressful biological environment Highlights the impact of human population growth on climate, desertification, water resources, and dust storm activity Includes an examination of surface/atmosphere interactions and the impact of ENSO events.

DESider – A European Effort on Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling: Results of the European-Union Funded Project, 2004 - 2007 (Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design #103)

Preface “In aircraft design, efficiency is determined by the ability to accurately and rel- bly predict the occurrence of, and to model the development of, turbulent flows. Hence, the main objective in industrial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is to increase the capabilities for an improved predictive accuracy for both complex flows and complex geometries”. This text part taken from Haase et al (2006), - scribing the results of the DESider predecessor project “FLOMANIA” is still - and will be in future valid. With an ever-increasing demand for faster, more reliable and cleaner aircraft, flight envelopes are necessarily shifted into areas of the flow regimes exhibiting highly unsteady and, for military aircraft, unstable flow behaviour. This undou- edly poses major new challenges in CFD; generally stated as an increased pred- tive accuracy whist retaining “affordable” computation times. Together with highly resolved meshes employing millions of nodes, numerical methods must have the inherent capability to predict unsteady flows. Although at present, (U)RANS methods are likely to remain as the workhorses in industry, the DESider project focussed on the development and combination of these approaches with LES methods in order to “bridge” the gap between the much more expensive (due to high Reynolds numbers in flight), but more accurate (full) LES.

Desiderata Geotechnica (Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering)

This book presents contributions to a workshop dedicated to Prof. Gerd Gudehus on the occasion of his 80th birthday and held in Vienna, Austria, on 14-16 August 2018. The articles gathered here, many of which were written by former students, friends and colleagues of Prof. Gudehus, cover diverse topics that reflect the breadth and depth of geomechanics research. Consequently, they offer a valuable source of ideas and inspiration on areas ranging from sophisticated constitutive models to advanced numerical methods, from particles to continua, and from fractals of geomaterials to the design of offshore wind turbine foundations.

Design Aids of Offshore Structures Under Special Environmental Loads including Fire Resistance (Ocean Engineering & Oceanography #11)

This book provides detailed analysis methods and design guidelines for fire resistance, a vital consideration for offshore processing and production platforms. Recent advancements in the selection of various geometric structural forms for deep-water oil exploration and production require a detailed understanding of the design of offshore structures under special loads. Focusing on a relatively new aspect of offshore engineering, the book offers essential teaching material, illustrating and explaining the concepts discussed through many tutorials. It creates a basis for designing new courses for students of ocean engineering and naval architecture, civil engineering, and applied mechanics at both undergraduate and graduate levels. As such, its content can be used for self-study or as a text in structured courses and professional development programs.

Design Analysis in Rock Mechanics

This comprehensive introduction to rock mechanics treats the basics of rock mechanics in a clear and straightforward manner and discusses important design problems in terms of the mechanics of materials. This extended third edition includes an additional chapter on Foundations on Jointed Rock. Developed for a complete class in rock engineering, this volume uniquely combines the design of surface and underground rock excavations and addresses:• rock slope stability in surface excavations, from planar block and wedge slides to rotational and toppling failures • shaft and tunnel stability, ranging from naturally-supported openings to analysis and design of artificial support and reinforcement systems • entries and pillars in stratified ground • three-dimensional caverns, with emphasis on cable bolting and backfill • geometry and forces of chimney caving, combination support and trough subsidence • rock bursts and bumps in underground excavations, with focus on dynamic phenomena and on fast and sometimes catastrophic failures. The numerous exercises and examples familiarize the reader with solving basic practical problems in rock mechanics through various design analysis techniques and their applications. Supporting the main text, appendices provide supplementary information about rock, joint, and composite properties, rock mass classification schemes, useful formulas, and an extensive literature list. The large selection of problems at the end of each chapter can be used for home assignment. A solutions manual is available to course instructors. Explanatory and illustrative in character, this volume is suited for courses in rock mechanics, rock engineering and geological engineering design for undergraduate and first year graduate students in mining, civil engineering and applied earth sciences. Moreover, it will form a good introduction to the subject of rock mechanics for earth scientists and engineers from other disciplines.

Design Analysis in Rock Mechanics

This comprehensive introduction to rock mechanics treats the basics of rock mechanics in a clear and straightforward manner and discusses important design problems in terms of the mechanics of materials. This extended second edition includes an additional chapter on Rock Bursts and Bumps, a part on Basics Dynamics, and has numerous additional examp

Design Analysis in Rock Mechanics

This comprehensive introduction to rock mechanics treats the basics of rock mechanics in a clear and straightforward manner and discusses important design problems in terms of the mechanics of materials. This extended third edition includes an additional chapter on Foundations on Jointed Rock. Developed for a complete class in rock engineering, this volume uniquely combines the design of surface and underground rock excavations and addresses:• rock slope stability in surface excavations, from planar block and wedge slides to rotational and toppling failures • shaft and tunnel stability, ranging from naturally-supported openings to analysis and design of artificial support and reinforcement systems • entries and pillars in stratified ground • three-dimensional caverns, with emphasis on cable bolting and backfill • geometry and forces of chimney caving, combination support and trough subsidence • rock bursts and bumps in underground excavations, with focus on dynamic phenomena and on fast and sometimes catastrophic failures. The numerous exercises and examples familiarize the reader with solving basic practical problems in rock mechanics through various design analysis techniques and their applications. Supporting the main text, appendices provide supplementary information about rock, joint, and composite properties, rock mass classification schemes, useful formulas, and an extensive literature list. The large selection of problems at the end of each chapter can be used for home assignment. A solutions manual is available to course instructors. Explanatory and illustrative in character, this volume is suited for courses in rock mechanics, rock engineering and geological engineering design for undergraduate and first year graduate students in mining, civil engineering and applied earth sciences. Moreover, it will form a good introduction to the subject of rock mechanics for earth scientists and engineers from other disciplines.

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 1: Preliminary Design

This book is the first of four dealing with bioclimatic design and construction by focusing on the most basic and polyvalent of modern environmental systems: the bioclimatic greenhouse, the "Swiss-army chainsaw" of architecture. More specifically, this first volume focuses on preliminary bioclimatic design of greenhouses, laying down fundamental principles that are also likely to be invaluable in designing, in more general terms, bioclimatic and low-energy architecture, with low environmental impact. This multi-volume book covers both free-standing greenhouses that can naturally heat and cool themselves, and lean-to greenhouses that support the natural heating and cooling of buildings; this includes both agricultural greenhouses and greenhouses suited to host people. As a result, it is a trans-disciplinary work deriving its areas of concern from a broad range of study areas, spanning from environmental, to constructional, to structural, drawing the clarity of the approach from the fact that the topics are presented by a single author with a single voice and a designer's mindset. To achieve this, the book adopts a composite set of explanatory strategies and communication registers – including extensive support by 3D construction drawings and examples – and presents not only stateof-the-art solutions, but also experimental ones.

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 1: Preliminary Design

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 2: Design of Construction: Structure and Systems

This book is the second of four dealing with bioclimatic design and construction by focusing on the most basic and polyvalent of modern environmental systems: the bioclimatic greenhouse, the "Swiss-army chainsaw" of architecture. More specifically, this second volume focuses on how the structure of bioclimatic wooden greenhouses may be designed and built. In more general terms, it helps us consider how to design and build the structure of bioclimatic, low-energy architecture, with low environmental impact. This multi-volume book covers both free-standing greenhouses that can naturally heat and cool themselves, and lean-to greenhouses that support the natural heating and cooling of buildings; this includes both agricultural greenhouses and greenhouses suited to host people. As a result, it is a trans-disciplinary work deriving its areas of concern from a broad range of study areas, spanning from environmental, to constructional, to structural, drawing the clarity of the approach from the fact that the topics are presented by a single author with a single voice and a designer's mindset. To achieve this, the book adopts a composite set of explanatory strategies and communication registers – including extensive support by 3D construction drawings and examples – and presents not only stateof-the-art solutions, but also experimental ones.

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 2: Design of Construction: Structure and Systems

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 3: Design of Construction: Envelopes

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 3: Design of Construction: Envelopes

This book is the third of four dealing with bioclimatic design and construction by focusing on the most basic and polyvalent of modern environmental systems: the bioclimatic greenhouse, the "Swiss-army chainsaw" of architecture. More specifically, this third volume focuses on how the envelope of bioclimatic wooden greenhouses may be designed and built. In more general terms, it helps us to consider how to design and build the transparent and opaque enclosures of bioclimatic, low-energy architecture, with low environmental impact. This multi-volume book covers both free-standing greenhouses that can naturally heat and cool themselves, and lean-to greenhouses that support the natural heating and cooling of buildings; this includes both agricultural greenhouses and greenhouses suited to host people. As a result, it is a trans-disciplinary work deriving its areas of concern from a broad range of study areas, spanning from environmental, to constructional, to structural, drawing the clarity of the approach from the fact that the topics are presented by a single author with a single voice and a designer's mindset. To achieve this, the book adopts a composite set of explanatory strategies and communication registers – including extensive support by 3D construction drawings and examples – and presents not only stateof-the-art solutions, but also experimental ones.

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 4: Architectural Integration and Quantitative Analyses

This book is the fourth of four dealing with bioclimatic design and construction by focusing on the most basic and polyvalent of modern environmental systems: the bioclimatic greenhouse, the "Swiss-army chainsaw" of architecture. More specifically, this fourth volume focuses on architectural integration, environmental prediction and how to simulate and structurally size a bioclimatic wooden greenhouse. In more general terms, it helps us to consider how to design and build the structure of bioclimatic, low-energy architecture, with low environmental impact. This multi-volume book covers both free-standing greenhouses that can naturally heat and cool themselves, and lean-to greenhouses that support the natural heating and cooling of buildings; this includes both agricultural greenhouses and greenhouses suited to host people. As a result, it is a trans-disciplinary work deriving its areas of concern from a broad range of study areas, spanning from environmental, to constructional, to structural, drawing the clarity of the approach from the fact that the topics are presented by a single author with a single voice and a designer's mindset. To achieve this, the book adopts a composite set of explanatory strategies and communication registers – including extensive support by 3D construction drawings and examples – and presents not only stateof-the-art solutions, but also experimental ones.

Design and Construction of Bioclimatic Wooden Greenhouses, Volume 4: Architectural Integration and Quantitative Analyses

Design and Construction of High-Performance Homes: Building Envelopes, Renewable Energies and Integrated Practice

Both professionals and students are increasingly committed to achieving high-performance metrics in the design, construction and operation of residential buildings. This book responds to this demand by offering a comprehensive guide which features: architectural innovations in building skin technologies which make lighter more transparent buildings high performing; energy-free architectural design principles and advances in building-integrated photovoltaics; essential engineering principles, controls and approaches to simulation for achieving net zero; the advantages of integrated design in residential construction and the challenges and opportunities it engenders; detailed case studies of innovative homes which have incorporated low-energy design solutions, new materials, alternative building assemblies, digital fabrication, integrated engineering systems and operational controls. Divided into four parts, the book discusses the requisite AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) knowledge needed when building a high-performance home. It also communicates this information across four case studies, which provide the reader with a thorough overview of all aspects to be considered in the design and construction of sustainable homes. With contributions from experts in the field, the book provides a well-rounded and multi-faceted approach. This book is essential reading for students and professionals in design, architecture, engineering (civil, mechanical and electrical), construction and energy management.

Design and Construction of High-Performance Homes: Building Envelopes, Renewable Energies and Integrated Practice

Both professionals and students are increasingly committed to achieving high-performance metrics in the design, construction and operation of residential buildings. This book responds to this demand by offering a comprehensive guide which features: architectural innovations in building skin technologies which make lighter more transparent buildings high performing; energy-free architectural design principles and advances in building-integrated photovoltaics; essential engineering principles, controls and approaches to simulation for achieving net zero; the advantages of integrated design in residential construction and the challenges and opportunities it engenders; detailed case studies of innovative homes which have incorporated low-energy design solutions, new materials, alternative building assemblies, digital fabrication, integrated engineering systems and operational controls. Divided into four parts, the book discusses the requisite AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) knowledge needed when building a high-performance home. It also communicates this information across four case studies, which provide the reader with a thorough overview of all aspects to be considered in the design and construction of sustainable homes. With contributions from experts in the field, the book provides a well-rounded and multi-faceted approach. This book is essential reading for students and professionals in design, architecture, engineering (civil, mechanical and electrical), construction and energy management.

Design and Construction of Smart Cities: Toward Sustainable Community (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)

This book focuses on how to maintain environmental sustainability as one of its main principles, and it addresses how smart cities serve to diminish wastes and maintain natural resources by having clean green energy that is operated by new smart technology designs. Living in a smart city is not something of the future anymore, it is here, and it is being implemented all over the world. A smart city uses different types of electronic Internet of things (IoT) sensors to collect data and then use these data to manage assets and resources efficiently. The smart city concept integrates information and communication technology (ICT), and various physical devices connected to the IoT network to optimize the efficiency of city operations and services and achieve sustainable solutions to allow us to grow with proper management of our resources.Smart sustainable structures and infrastructures face the need of urban areas due to the growth of populations while in the same time save our environment. To achieve this, we need to revisit the conventional methods in design and construction and the conventional materials which are used now to optimize the design and provide smart solutions. In the past few years, the consumption of resources has been massive, and the waste produced from that consumption has been inconceivable. This is causing environmental degradation, which produces many environmental challenges, such as global climate change, excessive fossil fuel dependency and the growing demand for energy.As well as, discussing the challenges facing the civil engineering design and construction of smart cities components and presenting concepts and insight from experts and researchers from different civil engineering disciplines., this book explains how to construct buildings and special structures and how to manage and monitor energy.

Design and Construction of Tunnels: Analysis of Controlled Deformations in Rock and Soils (ADECO-RS)

This work illustrates how the Analysis of Controlled Deformation in Rocks and Soils (ADECO-RS) is used in the design and the construction of tunnels. This is a very new and effective way of tunnel construction. The ADECO-RS approach makes a clear distinction between the design and the construction stages and allows reliable forecasts of construction times and costs to be made. It uses the advance core (the core of ground ahead of the face) as a structural tool for the long and short term stabilisation of tunnels, after its rigidity has first been regulated using conservation techniques.