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Racial Inequality in Mathematics Education: Exploring Academic Identity as a Sense of Belonging (Studies in Educational Ethnography)
by Thierry Elin-SaintineReform initiatives in mathematics education have been reluctant to embrace racial equity as a core or guiding principle. The field is replete with studies on Black students' poor performance in mathematics education and of its persistence. Conversely, success in mathematics is rarely associated with groups of African or African American descent. The abundance of data on the failure of Black students in mathematics has contributed to mainstream beliefs of a racial hierarchy of mathematics ability in America. This perception has not only shaped attitudes and behaviors of educational practitioners, but it has contributed to the alienation of many students from the community of 'doers of mathematics.' This study examines the mathematics identity of a group of seniors enrolled in honor's pre-calculus at a comprehensive high school. Data collected and analyzed for this book shows that participants, in spite of a history of success in mathematics and despite viewing the classroom as opportunity to challenge disparaging views of Black Americans, refused to seek membership in the math community. Saintine focuses on the mathematic identity construction of 11 Black students and their own perception of mathematics education. This work offers new insights into the racial opportunity-gap in mathematics and challenges longstanding assumptions about 'what' or 'who' is a math person.
Racial Inequality in Mathematics Education: Exploring Academic Identity as a Sense of Belonging (Studies in Educational Ethnography)
by Thierry Elin-SaintineReform initiatives in mathematics education have been reluctant to embrace racial equity as a core or guiding principle. The field is replete with studies on Black students' poor performance in mathematics education and of its persistence. Conversely, success in mathematics is rarely associated with groups of African or African American descent. The abundance of data on the failure of Black students in mathematics has contributed to mainstream beliefs of a racial hierarchy of mathematics ability in America. This perception has not only shaped attitudes and behaviors of educational practitioners, but it has contributed to the alienation of many students from the community of 'doers of mathematics.' This study examines the mathematics identity of a group of seniors enrolled in honor's pre-calculus at a comprehensive high school. Data collected and analyzed for this book shows that participants, in spite of a history of success in mathematics and despite viewing the classroom as opportunity to challenge disparaging views of Black Americans, refused to seek membership in the math community. Saintine focuses on the mathematic identity construction of 11 Black students and their own perception of mathematics education. This work offers new insights into the racial opportunity-gap in mathematics and challenges longstanding assumptions about 'what' or 'who' is a math person.
Racial Justice and Nonviolence Education: Building the Beloved Community, One Block at a Time (Routledge Studies in Peace and Conflict Resolution)
by Arthur RomanoThis book examines the role that community-based educators in violence-affected cities play in advancing Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s radical nonviolent vision for racial and social justice. This work argues that nonviolence education can help communities build capacity to disrupt and transform cycles of violence by recognizing that people impacted by violence are effective educators and vital knowledge producers who develop unique insights into racial oppression and other forms of systemic harm. This book focuses on informal education that takes place beyond school walls, a type of education that too often remains invisible and undervalued in both civil society and scholarly research. It draws on thousands of hours of work with the Connecticut Center for Nonviolence (CTCN), a grassroots organization that presents an ideal case study of the implementation of King’s core principles of nonviolence in 21st-century urban communities. Stories of educators’ life-changing educational encounters, their successes and failures, and their understanding of the six principles of Kingian nonviolence animate the text. Each chapter delves into one of the six principles by introducing the reader to the lives of these educators, providing a rich analysis of how educators teach each principle, and sharing academic resources for thinking more deeply about each principle. Against the backdrop of today’s educational system, in which reductive and caricatured treatments of King are often presented within the formal classroom, CTCN’s work outside of the classroom takes a fundamentally different approach, connecting King’s thinking around nonviolence principles to working for racial justice in cities deeply impacted by violence. This book will be of much interest to students of conflict resolution, race studies, politics and education studies, as well as to practitioners in the field.
Racial Justice and Nonviolence Education: Building the Beloved Community, One Block at a Time (Routledge Studies in Peace and Conflict Resolution)
by Arthur RomanoThis book examines the role that community-based educators in violence-affected cities play in advancing Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s radical nonviolent vision for racial and social justice. This work argues that nonviolence education can help communities build capacity to disrupt and transform cycles of violence by recognizing that people impacted by violence are effective educators and vital knowledge producers who develop unique insights into racial oppression and other forms of systemic harm. This book focuses on informal education that takes place beyond school walls, a type of education that too often remains invisible and undervalued in both civil society and scholarly research. It draws on thousands of hours of work with the Connecticut Center for Nonviolence (CTCN), a grassroots organization that presents an ideal case study of the implementation of King’s core principles of nonviolence in 21st-century urban communities. Stories of educators’ life-changing educational encounters, their successes and failures, and their understanding of the six principles of Kingian nonviolence animate the text. Each chapter delves into one of the six principles by introducing the reader to the lives of these educators, providing a rich analysis of how educators teach each principle, and sharing academic resources for thinking more deeply about each principle. Against the backdrop of today’s educational system, in which reductive and caricatured treatments of King are often presented within the formal classroom, CTCN’s work outside of the classroom takes a fundamentally different approach, connecting King’s thinking around nonviolence principles to working for racial justice in cities deeply impacted by violence. This book will be of much interest to students of conflict resolution, race studies, politics and education studies, as well as to practitioners in the field.
Racial Stigma on the Hollywood Screen from World War II to the Present: The Orientalist Buddy Film
by Brian LockeRacial Stigma on the Hollywood Screen from WWII to the Present charts how the dominant white and black binary of American racial discourse influences Hollywood s representation of the Asian. The Orientalist buddy film draws a scenario in which two buddies, one white and one black, transcend an initial hatred for one another by joining forces against a foreign Asian menace. Alongside an analysis of multiple genres of film, Brian Locke argues that this triangulated rendering of race ameliorates the longstanding historical contradiction between U.S. democratic ideals and white America s persistent domination over blacks.
Racial Taxation: Schools, Segregation, and Taxpayer Citizenship, 1869–1973 (Justice, Power, and Politics)
by Camille WalshIn the United States, it is quite common to lay claim to the benefits of society by appealing to "taxpayer citizenship--the idea that, as taxpayers, we deserve access to certain social services like a public education. Tracing the genealogy of this concept, Camille Walsh shows how tax policy and taxpayer identity were built on the foundations of white supremacy and intertwined with ideas of whiteness. From the origins of unequal public school funding after the Civil War through school desegregation cases from Brown v. Board of Education to San Antonio v. Rodriguez in the 1970s, this study spans over a century of racial injustice, dramatic courtroom clashes, and white supremacist backlash to collective justice claims.Incorporating letters from everyday individuals as well as the private notes of Supreme Court justices as they deliberated, Walsh reveals how the idea of a "taxpayer" identity contributed to the contemporary crises of public education, racial disparity, and income inequality.
Racialisation in Early Years Education: Black Children’s Stories from the Classroom (TACTYC)
by Gina HoustonThis timely book explores the unique experiences of young black children during their first year of school and supports an understanding of how entry into the early years environment impacts on identity. Their stories emphasise the importance of listening to the voices of children themselves. A theoretical analysis of their first-hand experiences through a critical race lens illustrates how they are racialised through everyday interactions and routines. Chapters explore how personal and institutional attitudes might be reviewed to ensure that pedagogies and practices support the maintenance of black identities and challenge racism. Enabling the reader to relate to the reality of black children’s experience and offering valuable suggestions for effective anti-racist practice, chapters cover the following: the impacts of racism on black children’s newly forming identities manifestations of racism in the early years sector multiculturalism and institutional whiteness effective communication with parents racialisation in relation to intersections of class, gender and race the role of playful pedagogies and friendships to support cultural identity. This book enhances understanding of how race and racism operate across the early years sector and offers advice and reflective questions throughout. It is essential reading for students, practitioners and policymakers involved in early years provision.
Racialisation in Early Years Education: Black Children’s Stories from the Classroom (TACTYC)
by Gina HoustonThis timely book explores the unique experiences of young black children during their first year of school and supports an understanding of how entry into the early years environment impacts on identity. Their stories emphasise the importance of listening to the voices of children themselves. A theoretical analysis of their first-hand experiences through a critical race lens illustrates how they are racialised through everyday interactions and routines. Chapters explore how personal and institutional attitudes might be reviewed to ensure that pedagogies and practices support the maintenance of black identities and challenge racism. Enabling the reader to relate to the reality of black children’s experience and offering valuable suggestions for effective anti-racist practice, chapters cover the following: the impacts of racism on black children’s newly forming identities manifestations of racism in the early years sector multiculturalism and institutional whiteness effective communication with parents racialisation in relation to intersections of class, gender and race the role of playful pedagogies and friendships to support cultural identity. This book enhances understanding of how race and racism operate across the early years sector and offers advice and reflective questions throughout. It is essential reading for students, practitioners and policymakers involved in early years provision.
The Racialized Experiences of Asian American Teachers in the US: Applications of Asian Critical Race Theory to Resist Marginalization (Routledge Research in Race and Ethnicity in Education)
by Jung Kim Betina HsiehDrawing on in-depth interviews, this text examines how Asian American teachers in the US have adapted, persisted, and resisted racial stereotyping and systematic marginalization throughout their educational and professional pathways. Utilizing critical perspectives combined with tenets of Asian Critical Race Theory, Kim and Hsieh structure their findings through chapters focused on issues relating to anti-essentialism, intersectionality, and the broader social and historical positioning of Asians in the US. Applying a critical theoretical lens to the study of Asian American teachers demonstrates the importance of this framework in understanding educators’ experiences during schooling, training, and teaching, and in doing so, the book highlights the need to ensure visibility for a community so often overlooked as a "model minority", and yet one of the fastest growing racial groups in the US. This text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in the sociology of education, multicultural education, and teachers and teacher education more broadly. Those specifically interested in Asian American history and the study of race and ethics within Asian studies will also benefit from this book.
The Racialized Experiences of Asian American Teachers in the US: Applications of Asian Critical Race Theory to Resist Marginalization (Routledge Research in Race and Ethnicity in Education)
by Jung Kim Betina HsiehDrawing on in-depth interviews, this text examines how Asian American teachers in the US have adapted, persisted, and resisted racial stereotyping and systematic marginalization throughout their educational and professional pathways. Utilizing critical perspectives combined with tenets of Asian Critical Race Theory, Kim and Hsieh structure their findings through chapters focused on issues relating to anti-essentialism, intersectionality, and the broader social and historical positioning of Asians in the US. Applying a critical theoretical lens to the study of Asian American teachers demonstrates the importance of this framework in understanding educators’ experiences during schooling, training, and teaching, and in doing so, the book highlights the need to ensure visibility for a community so often overlooked as a "model minority", and yet one of the fastest growing racial groups in the US. This text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in the sociology of education, multicultural education, and teachers and teacher education more broadly. Those specifically interested in Asian American history and the study of race and ethics within Asian studies will also benefit from this book.
Racialized Identities: Race and Achievement among African American Youth
by Na'ilah Suad NasirAs students navigate learning and begin to establish a sense of self, local surroundings can have a major influence on the range of choices they make about who they are and who they want to be. This book investigates how various constructions of identity can influence educational achievement for African American students, both within and outside school. Unique in its attention to the challenges that social and educational stratification pose, as well as to the opportunities that extracurricular activities can offer for African American students' access to learning, this book brings a deeper understanding of the local and fluid aspects of academic, racial, and ethnic identities. Exploring agency, personal sense-making, and social processes, this book contributes a strong new voice to the growing conversation on the relationship between identity and achievement for African American youth.
Racialized Identities in Second Language Learning: Speaking Blackness in Brazil (Routledge Advances in Second Language Studies)
by Uju Anya*Winner of the 2019 AAAL First Book Award* Racialized Identities in Second Language Learning: Speaking Blackness in Brazil provides a critical overview and original sociolinguistic analysis of the African American experience in second language learning. More broadly, this book introduces the idea of second language learning as "transformative socialization": how learners, instructors, and their communities shape new communicative selves as they collaboratively construct and negotiate race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and social class identities. Uju Anya’s study follows African American college students learning Portuguese in Afro-Brazilian communities, and their journeys in learning to do and speak blackness in Brazil. Video-recorded interactions, student journals, interviews, and writing assignments show how multiple intersecting identities are enacted and challenged in second language learning. Thematic, critical, and conversation analyses describe ways black Americans learn to speak their material, ideological, and symbolic selves in Portuguese and how linguistic action reproduces or resists power and inequity. The book addresses key questions on how learners can authentically and effectively participate in classrooms and target language communities to show that black students' racialized identities and investments in these communities greatly influence their success in second language learning and how successful others perceive them to be.
Racialized Identities in Second Language Learning: Speaking Blackness in Brazil (Routledge Advances in Second Language Studies)
by Uju Anya*Winner of the 2019 AAAL First Book Award* Racialized Identities in Second Language Learning: Speaking Blackness in Brazil provides a critical overview and original sociolinguistic analysis of the African American experience in second language learning. More broadly, this book introduces the idea of second language learning as "transformative socialization": how learners, instructors, and their communities shape new communicative selves as they collaboratively construct and negotiate race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and social class identities. Uju Anya’s study follows African American college students learning Portuguese in Afro-Brazilian communities, and their journeys in learning to do and speak blackness in Brazil. Video-recorded interactions, student journals, interviews, and writing assignments show how multiple intersecting identities are enacted and challenged in second language learning. Thematic, critical, and conversation analyses describe ways black Americans learn to speak their material, ideological, and symbolic selves in Portuguese and how linguistic action reproduces or resists power and inequity. The book addresses key questions on how learners can authentically and effectively participate in classrooms and target language communities to show that black students' racialized identities and investments in these communities greatly influence their success in second language learning and how successful others perceive them to be.
The Racialized Nature of Academic Language: Disentangling the Raciolinguistic Power Structures
by Sultan Turkan and Jamie L. SchisselThis book explores the marginalization that English as additional language (EAL) learners, immigrant or language-minoritized people confront when learning to socialize into using the language of schooling. The authors examine racialized academic language not to dismiss it, but to scrutinize its presence and impact on individuals' lives. Beginning with connections between eugenics, intelligence, whiteness, language, monolingualism and bilingualism, it then reviews current practices, and how the construction of academic language in various schooling and non-schooling contexts creates hegemonic structures that perpetuate deficit perspectives. The final section envisions what could help dismantle the power knots that academic language holds in systemic structures. This is a vital book for teachers, teacher educators, and policy makers who refuse the deficiency orientations placed on non-standardized use of language at schools and want to deconstruct the power that academic standardized language holds in the lives of language-minoritized students.
The Racialized Nature of Academic Language: Disentangling the Raciolinguistic Power Structures
This book explores the marginalization that English as additional language (EAL) learners, immigrant or language-minoritized people confront when learning to socialize into using the language of schooling. The authors examine racialized academic language not to dismiss it, but to scrutinize its presence and impact on individuals' lives. Beginning with connections between eugenics, intelligence, whiteness, language, monolingualism and bilingualism, it then reviews current practices, and how the construction of academic language in various schooling and non-schooling contexts creates hegemonic structures that perpetuate deficit perspectives. The final section envisions what could help dismantle the power knots that academic language holds in systemic structures. This is a vital book for teachers, teacher educators, and policy makers who refuse the deficiency orientations placed on non-standardized use of language at schools and want to deconstruct the power that academic standardized language holds in the lives of language-minoritized students.
Racially and Ethnically Diverse Women Leading Education: A World View (Advances in Educational Administration #25)
by Terri N. Watson Anthony H. NormoreThis book's primary focus is on racially and ethnically diverse women in educational leadership. Each chapter is written from a unique conceptual or empirical lens as shared by international female leaders. Of particular interest to readers is the ingenious pairing of contributors for optimum scholarship, whereby the majority of chapters are co-authored by at least one male in a leadership role who shares in the crusade for social, cultural, political, and economic gender and racial equality for effective leadership that works. The general content is framed by but not limited to theoretical frameworks such as Black / Feminist Thought, Critical Race Theory, and Leadership for Social Justice. The chapters range from a critical examination of global society and cross-cultural collaboration, to the intersection of race, law, and power. Each chapter illuminates the lives and experiences of racially and ethnically diverse women in leadership positions in a diverse range of educational settings and contexts.
Racism and Antiracism in Real Schoolsa (UK Higher Education OUP Humanities & Social Sciences Education OUP)
by David GillbornHow are 'race' and racism implicated in education policy and practice?What does effective antiracism look like in practice?How can teachers and school students be encouraged to think critically about their racialized assumptions and actions?In exploring these questions David Gillborn makes a vital contribution to the debate on 'race' and racism in education. He focuses on racism in the policy, research, theory and practice of education, and includes the first major study of antiracism at the level of whole-school management and classroom practice. The voices of teachers and school students bring the issues to life, and illustrate the daily problems of life in urban schools. This is a fascinating picture of the key matters facing managers, classroom teachers and their students as schools struggle to develop strong and workable approaches to anti-racist education. It is accompanied by a critical review of current debates and controversies concerning 'race', ethnicity and identity.Arguing for a critical return to the concept of 'race', Racism and Antiracism in Real Schools represents an important addition to the literature on the theory and practice of education in a racist society.
Racism and Child Protection: The Black Experience Of Child Sexual Abuse
by Valerie JacksonThis is a study of the effects of racism on the protection and support of black children who have been sexually abused. The author explores the myths and realities surrounding the abuse of black children, and the actions of social workers and others who are responsible for their protection. Her purpose is to demonstrate how deeply racism is affecting the provision and care for the abused black child, the prevention of disclosure of abuse by such children, and what can be done to redress the balance. The book includes first-hand accounts supported by qualitative and quantitative research and references to literature in the field. It is aimed at those preparing for the Diploma in Social Work or NVQ in Care level 3, health visitors and Project 2000 nurses.
Racism and Education: Coincidence or Conspiracy?
by David GillbornEducation policy is not designed to eliminate race inequality but to sustain it at manageable levels. This is the inescapable conclusion of the first major study of the English education system using ‘critical race theory’. David Gillborn has been described as Britain’s ‘most influential race theorist in education’. In this book he dissects the role of racism across the education system; from national policies to school-level decisions about discipline and academic selection. Race inequality is not accidental and things are not getting better. Despite occasional ‘good news’ stories about fluctuations in statistics, the reality is that race inequality is so deeply entrenched that it is effectively ‘locked in’ as a permanent feature of the system. Built on a foundation of compelling evidence, from national statistics to studies of classroom life, this book shows how race inequality is shaped and legitimized across the system. The study explores a series of key issues including: the impact of the ‘War on Terror’ and how policy privileges the interests of white people how assessment systems produce race inequality exposes the ‘gifted and talented’ programme as a form of eugenic thinking based on discredited and racist myths about intelligence and ability documents the Stephen Lawrence case revealing how policy makers have betrayed earlier commitments to race equality shows how ‘model minorities’ are created and used to counter anti-racism how education policy is implicated in the defence of white power. Conspiracy? Racism & Education takes critical antiracist analyses to a new level and represents a fundamental challenge to current assumptions in the field. With a preface by Richard Delgado, one of the founders of critical race theory.
Racism and Education: Coincidence or Conspiracy?
by David GillbornEducation policy is not designed to eliminate race inequality but to sustain it at manageable levels. This is the inescapable conclusion of the first major study of the English education system using ‘critical race theory’. David Gillborn has been described as Britain’s ‘most influential race theorist in education’. In this book he dissects the role of racism across the education system; from national policies to school-level decisions about discipline and academic selection. Race inequality is not accidental and things are not getting better. Despite occasional ‘good news’ stories about fluctuations in statistics, the reality is that race inequality is so deeply entrenched that it is effectively ‘locked in’ as a permanent feature of the system. Built on a foundation of compelling evidence, from national statistics to studies of classroom life, this book shows how race inequality is shaped and legitimized across the system. The study explores a series of key issues including: the impact of the ‘War on Terror’ and how policy privileges the interests of white people how assessment systems produce race inequality exposes the ‘gifted and talented’ programme as a form of eugenic thinking based on discredited and racist myths about intelligence and ability documents the Stephen Lawrence case revealing how policy makers have betrayed earlier commitments to race equality shows how ‘model minorities’ are created and used to counter anti-racism how education policy is implicated in the defence of white power. Conspiracy? Racism & Education takes critical antiracist analyses to a new level and represents a fundamental challenge to current assumptions in the field. With a preface by Richard Delgado, one of the founders of critical race theory.
Racism and Education in Britain: Addressing Structural Oppression and the Dominance of Whiteness (Palgrave Studies in Race, Inequality and Social Justice in Education)
by Gill CrozierThis book is concerned with racism and education in Britain. It aims to seek greater understanding of the nature and endurance of racism within education practice in the 21st century and to examine the relationship between racism and the educational experiences and outcomes of many Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) children and young people, with reference to school and university. Employing Critical Race Theory, Critical Whiteness Theory and Intersectionality, this structural analysis traces the historical and contemporary development of racism in education. White privilege and White supremacy, it is argued, are central to the perpetuation of racism and the failure to either understand or recognise the systemic nature of racial oppression. The book focuses on Britain, but the analysis locates racism as a global phenomenon. In spite of decades of policies on ‘race’ equality in Britain, BAME children and young people continue to be discriminated against and are failed by the education system. Applying a theoretical analysis of racism and White supremacy and privilege to an examination of government policies and research in schools and universities, the nature and extent of racism is revealed in the educational experiences of young people.
Racism and Education in the U.K. and the U.S.: Towards a Socialist Alternative (Marxism and Education)
by Mike ColeExtends Marxist analysis to include key concepts from the work of neo-Marxists Antonio Gramsci and Louis Althusser. It looks in detail at racism in the U.K. and the U.S. and goes on to examine the differences between schooling and education, and their relationship to racism in those two countries and in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Racism, Gender Identities and Young Children: Social Relations in a Multi-Ethnic, Inner City Primary School
by Paul ConnollyThis book offers a fascinating yet disturbing account of the significance of racism in the lives of five and six year old children, drawing upon data from an in-depth study of an inner-city, multi-ethnic primary school and its surrounding community. It represents one of the only detailed studies to give primacy to the voices of the young children themselves - giving them the space to articulate their own experiences and concerns. Together with detailed observation of the children in the school and local community, it provides an important account of how and why they draw upon discourses on race in the development of their gender identities.The book graphically highlights the understanding that these children have of issues of race, gender and sexuality and the active role they play in using and reworking this knowledge to make sense of their experiences.
Racism, Gender Identities and Young Children: Social Relations in a Multi-Ethnic, Inner City Primary School
by Paul ConnollyThis book offers a fascinating yet disturbing account of the significance of racism in the lives of five and six year old children, drawing upon data from an in-depth study of an inner-city, multi-ethnic primary school and its surrounding community. It represents one of the only detailed studies to give primacy to the voices of the young children themselves - giving them the space to articulate their own experiences and concerns. Together with detailed observation of the children in the school and local community, it provides an important account of how and why they draw upon discourses on race in the development of their gender identities.The book graphically highlights the understanding that these children have of issues of race, gender and sexuality and the active role they play in using and reworking this knowledge to make sense of their experiences.
Racism in Schools: History, Explanations, Impact, and Intervention Approaches
by Matthias Böhmer Georges SteffgenRacism, i.e. discrimination against people on the basis of their supposed ethnic origin, is omnipresent in schools. Apart from students, trainees and teachers, all actors in the school context are affected by this topic.Why is this so? How can racist discrimination be explained? What effects does this behavior have on those affected? And how can schools counteract it? These are all questions that arise and which this book aims to answer with the intention of enabling all those acting in the school context to critically examine their own knowledge bases relevant to racism. This book contributes to the development of school as a racism-sensitive space in which all actors behave in a racism-sensitive manner.Therefore, in addition to an overview of the history of racism, approaches to explaining racist behavior and the effects of racist discrimination, prevention and intervention approaches for a practice critical of racism in schools are presented.