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Unsettled Belonging: Educating Palestinian American Youth after 9/11
by Thea Renda Abu El-HajUnsettled Belonging tells the stories of young Palestinian Americans as they navigate and construct lives as American citizens. Following these youth throughout their school days, Thea Abu El-Haj examines citizenship as lived experience, dependent on various social, cultural, and political memberships. For them, she shows, life is characterized by a fundamental schism between their sense of transnational belonging and the exclusionary politics of routine American nationalism that ultimately cast them as impossible subjects. Abu El-Haj explores the school as the primary site where young people from immigrant communities encounter the central discourses about what it means to be American. She illustrates the complex ways social identities are bound up with questions of belonging and citizenship, and she details the processes through which immigrant youth are racialized via everyday nationalistic practices. Finally, she raises a series of crucial questions about how we educate for active citizenship in contemporary times, when more and more people’s lives are shaped within transnational contexts. A compelling account of post-9/11 immigrant life, Unsettled Belonging is a steadfast look at the disjunctures of modern citizenship.
Unsettled Belonging: Educating Palestinian American Youth after 9/11
by Thea Renda Abu El-HajUnsettled Belonging tells the stories of young Palestinian Americans as they navigate and construct lives as American citizens. Following these youth throughout their school days, Thea Abu El-Haj examines citizenship as lived experience, dependent on various social, cultural, and political memberships. For them, she shows, life is characterized by a fundamental schism between their sense of transnational belonging and the exclusionary politics of routine American nationalism that ultimately cast them as impossible subjects. Abu El-Haj explores the school as the primary site where young people from immigrant communities encounter the central discourses about what it means to be American. She illustrates the complex ways social identities are bound up with questions of belonging and citizenship, and she details the processes through which immigrant youth are racialized via everyday nationalistic practices. Finally, she raises a series of crucial questions about how we educate for active citizenship in contemporary times, when more and more people’s lives are shaped within transnational contexts. A compelling account of post-9/11 immigrant life, Unsettled Belonging is a steadfast look at the disjunctures of modern citizenship.
Unsettled Belonging: Educating Palestinian American Youth after 9/11
by Thea Renda Abu El-HajUnsettled Belonging tells the stories of young Palestinian Americans as they navigate and construct lives as American citizens. Following these youth throughout their school days, Thea Abu El-Haj examines citizenship as lived experience, dependent on various social, cultural, and political memberships. For them, she shows, life is characterized by a fundamental schism between their sense of transnational belonging and the exclusionary politics of routine American nationalism that ultimately cast them as impossible subjects. Abu El-Haj explores the school as the primary site where young people from immigrant communities encounter the central discourses about what it means to be American. She illustrates the complex ways social identities are bound up with questions of belonging and citizenship, and she details the processes through which immigrant youth are racialized via everyday nationalistic practices. Finally, she raises a series of crucial questions about how we educate for active citizenship in contemporary times, when more and more people’s lives are shaped within transnational contexts. A compelling account of post-9/11 immigrant life, Unsettled Belonging is a steadfast look at the disjunctures of modern citizenship.
Unsettled Belonging: Educating Palestinian American Youth after 9/11
by Thea Renda Abu El-HajUnsettled Belonging tells the stories of young Palestinian Americans as they navigate and construct lives as American citizens. Following these youth throughout their school days, Thea Abu El-Haj examines citizenship as lived experience, dependent on various social, cultural, and political memberships. For them, she shows, life is characterized by a fundamental schism between their sense of transnational belonging and the exclusionary politics of routine American nationalism that ultimately cast them as impossible subjects. Abu El-Haj explores the school as the primary site where young people from immigrant communities encounter the central discourses about what it means to be American. She illustrates the complex ways social identities are bound up with questions of belonging and citizenship, and she details the processes through which immigrant youth are racialized via everyday nationalistic practices. Finally, she raises a series of crucial questions about how we educate for active citizenship in contemporary times, when more and more people’s lives are shaped within transnational contexts. A compelling account of post-9/11 immigrant life, Unsettled Belonging is a steadfast look at the disjunctures of modern citizenship.
Unsettled Belonging: Educating Palestinian American Youth after 9/11
by Thea Renda Abu El-HajUnsettled Belonging tells the stories of young Palestinian Americans as they navigate and construct lives as American citizens. Following these youth throughout their school days, Thea Abu El-Haj examines citizenship as lived experience, dependent on various social, cultural, and political memberships. For them, she shows, life is characterized by a fundamental schism between their sense of transnational belonging and the exclusionary politics of routine American nationalism that ultimately cast them as impossible subjects. Abu El-Haj explores the school as the primary site where young people from immigrant communities encounter the central discourses about what it means to be American. She illustrates the complex ways social identities are bound up with questions of belonging and citizenship, and she details the processes through which immigrant youth are racialized via everyday nationalistic practices. Finally, she raises a series of crucial questions about how we educate for active citizenship in contemporary times, when more and more people’s lives are shaped within transnational contexts. A compelling account of post-9/11 immigrant life, Unsettled Belonging is a steadfast look at the disjunctures of modern citizenship.
Unsettling Literacies: Directions for literacy research in precarious times (Cultural Studies and Transdisciplinarity in Education #15)
by Claire Lee Chris Bailey Cathy Burnett Jennifer RowsellThis book asks researchers what uncertainty means for literacy research, and for how literacy plays through uncertain lives. While the book is not focused only on COVID-19, it is significant that it was written in 2020-2021, when our authors’ and readers’ working and personal lives were thrown into disarray by stay-at-home orders. The book opens up new spaces for examining ways that literacy has come to matter in the world.Drawing on the reflections of international literacy researchers and important new voices, this book presents re-imagined methods and theoretical imperatives. These difficult times have surfaced new communicative practices and opened out spaces for exploration and activism, prompting re-examination of relationships between research, literacy and social justice. The book considers varied and consequential events to explore new ways to think and research literacy and to unsettle what we know and accept as fundamental to literacy research, opening ourselves up for change. It provides direction to the field of literacy studies as pressing global concerns are prompting literacy researchers to re-examine what and how they research in times of precarity.
Unsettling Responsibility in Science Education: Indigenous Science, Deconstruction, and the Multicultural Science Education Debate (Palgrave Studies in Educational Futures)
by Marc HigginsThis open access book engages with the response-ability of science education to Indigenous ways-of-living-with-Nature. Higgins deconstructs the ways in which the structures of science education—its concepts, categories, policies, and practices—contribute to the exclusion (or problematic inclusion) of Indigenous science while also shaping its ability respond. Herein, he undertakes an unsettling homework to address the ways in which settler colonial logics linger and lurk within sedimented and stratified knowledge-practices, turning the gaze back onto science education. This homework critically inhabits culture, theory, ontology, and history as they relate to the multicultural science education debate, a central curricular location that acts as both a potential entry point and problematic gatekeeping device, in order to (re)open the space of responsiveness towards Indigenous ways-of-knowing-in-being.
Unsettling the Colonial Places and Spaces of Early Childhood Education (Changing Images of Early Childhood)
by Veronica Pacini-Ketchabaw Affrica TaylorUnsettling the Colonial Places and Spaces of Early Childhood Education uncovers and interrogates some of the inherent colonialist tensions that are rarely acknowledged and often unwittingly rehearsed within contemporary early childhood education. Through building upon the prior postcolonial interventions of prominent early childhood scholars, Unsettling the Colonial Places and Spaces of Early Childhood Education reveals how early childhood education is implicated in the colonialist project of predominantly immigrant (post)colonial settler societies. By politicizing the silences around these specifically settler colonialist tensions, it seeks to further unsettle the innocence presumptions of early childhood education and to offer some decolonizing strategies for early childhood practitioners and scholars. Grounding their inquiries in early childhood education, the authors variously engage with postcolonial theory, place theory, feminist philosophy, the ecological humanities and indigenous onto-epistemologies.
Unsettling the Colonial Places and Spaces of Early Childhood Education (Changing Images of Early Childhood)
by Veronica Pacini-Ketchabaw Affrica TaylorUnsettling the Colonial Places and Spaces of Early Childhood Education uncovers and interrogates some of the inherent colonialist tensions that are rarely acknowledged and often unwittingly rehearsed within contemporary early childhood education. Through building upon the prior postcolonial interventions of prominent early childhood scholars, Unsettling the Colonial Places and Spaces of Early Childhood Education reveals how early childhood education is implicated in the colonialist project of predominantly immigrant (post)colonial settler societies. By politicizing the silences around these specifically settler colonialist tensions, it seeks to further unsettle the innocence presumptions of early childhood education and to offer some decolonizing strategies for early childhood practitioners and scholars. Grounding their inquiries in early childhood education, the authors variously engage with postcolonial theory, place theory, feminist philosophy, the ecological humanities and indigenous onto-epistemologies.
Unsettling the University: Confronting the Colonial Foundations of US Higher Education (Critical University Studies)
by Sharon SteinShifts the narrative around the history of US higher education to examine its colonial past.Over the past several decades, higher education in the United States has been shaped by marketization and privatization. Efforts to critique these developments often rely on a contrast between a bleak present and a romanticized past. In Unsettling the University, Sharon Stein offers a different entry point—one informed by decolonial theories and practices—for addressing these issues.Stein describes the colonial violence underlying three of the most celebrated moments in US higher education history: the founding of the original colonial colleges, the creation of land-grant colleges and universities, and the post–World War II "Golden Age." Reconsidering these historical moments through a decolonial lens, Stein reveals how the central promises of higher education—the promises of continuous progress, a benevolent public good, and social mobility—are fundamentally based on racialized exploitation, expropriation, and ecological destruction.Unsettling the University invites readers to confront universities' historical and ongoing complicity in colonial violence; to reckon with how the past has shaped contemporary challenges at institutions of higher education; and to accept responsibility for redressing harm and repairing relationships in order to reimagine a future for higher education rooted in social and ecological accountability.
Unsettling the University: Confronting the Colonial Foundations of US Higher Education (Critical University Studies)
by Sharon SteinShifts the narrative around the history of US higher education to examine its colonial past.Over the past several decades, higher education in the United States has been shaped by marketization and privatization. Efforts to critique these developments often rely on a contrast between a bleak present and a romanticized past. In Unsettling the University, Sharon Stein offers a different entry point—one informed by decolonial theories and practices—for addressing these issues.Stein describes the colonial violence underlying three of the most celebrated moments in US higher education history: the founding of the original colonial colleges, the creation of land-grant colleges and universities, and the post–World War II "Golden Age." Reconsidering these historical moments through a decolonial lens, Stein reveals how the central promises of higher education—the promises of continuous progress, a benevolent public good, and social mobility—are fundamentally based on racialized exploitation, expropriation, and ecological destruction.Unsettling the University invites readers to confront universities' historical and ongoing complicity in colonial violence; to reckon with how the past has shaped contemporary challenges at institutions of higher education; and to accept responsibility for redressing harm and repairing relationships in order to reimagine a future for higher education rooted in social and ecological accountability.
Unshackled: Education For Freedom, Student Achievement, And Personal Emancipation
by Greg Wiggan Lakia Scott Marcia Watson Richard ReynoldsHarnessing conceptual inspiration through the work of Harriet Tubman and Queen Nanny the Maroon of Jamaica, this book explores the historical and contemporary role that education has – and can continually play as an instrument of personal and group liberation. The book discusses the early formations of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, the enslavement of native populations, and the subsequent development of the Underground Railroad and Maroon societies in the Caribbean and Americas as systems of liberation. It investigates the development and maintenance of racial, gendered and class stratifi cation, and provides a personal path to freedom as a context for a broader discussion on using education as a mechanism for dismantling the effects of colonization, miseducation, and social-psychological domination in schools and society. As a contemporary issue, it presents an in depth analysis of the Tucson Unifi ed School District in Arizona, and the controversy surrounding its ethnic studies program as an example of one of the contested sites of curriculum development and student liberation. Additionally, it discusses high performing charter schools as an alternative model of education, which may help to provide a systematic way of unshackling institutional barriers and oppression. Ultimately, this book acknowledges that today the road tofreedom is still one we must all travel as: miseducation, school failure, school dropout, unemployment/underemployment, poverty, neighborhood violence, incarceration, and a growing prison industrial complex are all reminders of the work that still must be accomplished. Like those who historically sacrifi ced their lives to gain freedom and an education, today, with the lingering effects of institutionalized systems of domination, education must continue to be an instrument of social mobility and liberation, if indeed, we are to make schools and society more humane and inclusive towards those who are still waiting to be unshackled. The book presents implications regarding the treaties on education for freedom as a school reform and public policy topic.
Unspeakable
by Abbie RushtonMegan doesn't speak. She hasn't spoken in months.Pushing away the people she cares about is just a small price to pay. Because there are things locked inside Megan's head - things that are screaming to be heard - that she cannot, must not, let out.Then Jasmine starts at school: bubbly, beautiful, talkative Jasmine. And for reasons Megan can't quite understand, life starts to look a bit brighter.Megan would love to speak again, and it seems like Jasmine might be the answer. But if she finds her voice, will she lose everything else?
Unsportsmanlike Conduct: Exploiting College Athletes
by Walter ByersWalter Byers, who served as NCAA executive director from 1951 to 1987, was charged with the dual mission of keeping intercollegiate sports clean while generating millions of dollars each year as income for the colleges. Here Byers exposes, as only he can, the history and present-day state of college athletics: monetary gifts, questionable academic standards, advertising endorsements, legal battles, and the political manipulation of college presidents. Byers believes that modern-day college sports are no longer a student activity: they are a high-dollar commercial enter-prise, and college athletes should have the same access to the free market as their coaches and colleges. He favors no one as he cites individual cases of corruption in NCAA history. From Byers' first enforcement case, against the University of Kentucky in 1952, to the NCAA's 1987 "death penalty" levied against Southern Methodist University of Dallas, he shows the change in the athletic environment from simple rules and personally responsible officials to convoluted, cyclopedic regulations with high-priced legal firms defending college violators against a limited NCAA enforcement system. This book is a must for anyone involved in college sports--athletes, coaches, fans, college faculty, and administrators. "There has been no other executive in the history of professional, college, or amateur sports who has had such an impact in his area." --Keith Jackson, ABC Sports "Walter Byers has done more to shape intercollegiate athletics that any single person in history. He brought a combination of leadership, insight, and integrity to intercollegiate athletics that we will never again see equaled." --Bob Knight, Head Basketball Coach, Indiana University As NCAA executive director, Byers started the an enforcement program, pioneered a national academic rule for athletes, and signed more than fifty television contracts with ABC, CBS, NBC, ESPN, and Turner Broadcasting. He oversaw the growth of the NCAA basketball tournament to one that, in 1988, grossed $68.2 million. As the one person who has been inside college athletics for forty years, Walter Byers is uniquely qualified to tell the story of the NCAA and today's exploitation of college athletes.
The Unstoppable Letty Pegg
by Iszi LawrenceBrilliant debut historical adventure from writer and comedian Iszi Lawrence, perfect for fans of Emma Carroll, The Princess and the Suffragette, and Opal Plumstead. The story of the suffragettes with the Jiu Jitsu and roller skating left in... this impeccably researched debut novel from Iszi Lawrence shows the fight for women's suffrage as it really was. Lettice Pegg's father is a working-class policeman and her mother is a middle-class suffragette. Stuck between them (and her terrifying grandma) as they argue, Lettice mostly cares about trying to fit in at school and convincing her parents to let her have roller skates and go to the music hall. But, when Lettice sees her mother brutally thrown to the ground by a policeman while on a protest march, her life changes forever. Not all of the women on the march are vulnerable to attack. Some of them have a secret weapon: Jiu Jitsu.As the suffragettes welcome Lettice to the fight back, things at home go from bad to worse. Can Lettice bring her family back together and keep her new friends?
The Unstoppable Letty Pegg
by Iszi LawrenceBrilliant debut historical adventure from writer and comedian Iszi Lawrence, perfect for fans of Emma Carroll, The Princess and the Suffragette, and Opal Plumstead. The story of the suffragettes with the Jiu Jitsu and roller skating left in... this impeccably researched debut novel from Iszi Lawrence shows the fight for women's suffrage as it really was. Lettice Pegg's father is a working-class policeman and her mother is a middle-class suffragette. Stuck between them (and her terrifying grandma) as they argue, Lettice mostly cares about trying to fit in at school and convincing her parents to let her have roller skates and go to the music hall. But, when Lettice sees her mother brutally thrown to the ground by a policeman while on a protest march, her life changes forever. Not all of the women on the march are vulnerable to attack. Some of them have a secret weapon: Jiu Jitsu.As the suffragettes welcome Lettice to the fight back, things at home go from bad to worse. Can Lettice bring her family back together and keep her new friends?
Unstrange Minds: Remapping the World of Autism
by Roy Richard GrinkerA father's inspiring portrait of his daughter informs this classic reassessment of the "epidemic" of autism.When Isabel Grinker was diagnosed with autism in 1994, it occurred in only about 3 of every 10,000 children. Within ten years, rates had skyrocketed. Some scientists reported rates as high as 1 in 150. The media had declared autism an epidemic.Unstrange Minds documents the global quest of Isabel's father, renowned anthropologist Roy Richard Grinker, to discover the surprising truth about why autism is so much more common today. In fact, there is no autism epidemic. Rather, we are experiencing an increase in autism diagnoses, and Grinker shows that the identification and treatment of autism depends on culture just as much as it does on science.Filled with moving stories and informed by the latest science, Unstrange Minds is a powerful testament to a father's search for the truth.
Unsuited: How We Can Reject Conventional Career Advice and Find Empowerment (Transgressions #101)
by Ryan Clements"Work. It’s what we spend the majority of our adult lives doing. We all want careers that are personally engaging, and financially secure, but often people find themselves professionally unfulfilled, confused, and uncertain about how to make a change that won’t jeopardize their security. Drawing on his own experience of leaving a financially secure career at a prestigious international law firm to seek out an uncertain path of entrepreneurship, the author shares his unique story about how he became empowered in his career through a process of re-education, and the insightful lessons about career fulfillment they don’t teach us in school. Unsuited gives powerful insights on how people misinterpret the concept of risk when planning their careers, why, because of the Internet, the career advice our parents gave us is outdated, why the “work to retire” career planning model is a mistake, and why failing, embracing experimentation, and intentionally doing the things that scare us might very well be the most secure path to personal fulfillment. The book gives practical advice on how to channel mastery and psychological flow into a career, and why pursuing rewards (such as money, praise and accomplishment) will ultimately leave us unsatisfied. A practical path is laid out for people who want to start doing what they truly value, how to tap one’s inner creative genius, how to use the Internet to share what we love, and how this process can be both personally fulfilling and financially profitable. "
Unsung Legacies of Educators and Events in African American Education
by Andrea D. Lewis Nicole A. TaylorThis book describes the contributions of twenty-two educators and events that have shaped the field of education, often receiving little to no public recognition, including: Edmonia Godelle Highgate, Nannie Helen Burroughs, Selena Sloan Butler, Alonzo Aristotle Crim, Sabbath Schools, and African American Boarding Schools. These individuals and events have established and sustained education in communities across the United States. This book will help foster a renewed sense of importance both for those considering teaching and for teachers in classrooms across the country.
Untangling Complexity—Peace Building Engineering: Systems Thinking & Complexity Management to Support Community Development (Synthesis Lectures on Engineers, Technology, & Society #29)
by Camilo Andrés Navarro ForeroThis book examines how the rapid acceleration and interconnection of globalization comes with the need for more flexible and adaptable solutions to complex problems and solutions. It describes and demonstrates possible combinations of methods and methodologies to address the complex problems that the world offers us today. Sharing meaningful experiences of the application of workshops in mixed public private companies and with vulnerable communities and peacebuilding communities. The text offers readers, who are looking for tools to face complexity and enhance their projects, real-world examples and accessible methods. The book is based on advanced engineering tools however it is understandable and accessible to a broad audience.This book is for decision makers involved with social complex systems who are uncertain about how they should start and proceed. Discussions on new methodologies to support engineering interventions with communities are being shown. A new multi-methodology proposal called “Complexity Funnel Methodology” (CFM) dissected in “Social Transformation Workshops” (STW) is provided and discussed. It is used with combinations of different methods and methodologies of critical Systems thinking. The implementation of this methodology is described using a case study approach.
Unternehmensfitness: Systematisches Training von Arbeits- und Verhaltensweisen für nachhaltigen Erfolg
by Volkmar VölzkeDieses neuartige Fitnessbuch für unternehmerische Leistungssteigerung gibt allen Managern und Geschäftsleitern konkrete und erprobte Trainingspläne an die Hand, die sie direkt in ihrem Unternehmen oder ihrer Abteilung umsetzen können – mit garantiert positivem Effekt auf die nachhaltige Leistungsfähigkeit der Mitarbeiter.Denn nachhaltiger unternehmerischer Erfolg muss genauso wie im Spitzensport systematisch trainiert werden, und zwar in allen Dimensionen wie zum Beispiel Führung, Kundenfokus, Begeisterung der Mannschaft und operative Leistungsfähigkeit.Die meisten Manager, Teams und Unternehmen bleiben aber weit unter Ihren Möglichkeiten, weil sie Erfolg zu sehr an äußere Umstände koppeln anstatt an die verborgenen Kräfte im eigenen Unternehmen. Genau wie die besten Mannschaften im Spitzensport sind auch die dauerhaft erfolgreichsten Unternehmen nicht durch „glückliche Umstände“ dauerhaft an der Spitze, sondern, weil sie alle entscheidenden Potenziale systematisch trainieren.
Unternehmensnachfolgen und Entrepreneurship Education: Eine empirische Analyse im Kontext der Effectuation-Theorie (Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Ökonomische Bildung)
by Birgit SchulteWomen Entrepreneurship widmet sich den Geschlechterunterschieden im unternehmerischen Handeln, allerdings stehen empirische Forschungsarbeiten im Bereich Unternehmensnachfolge noch am Anfang. Birgit Schulte untersucht den Unterschied im Entscheidungsverhalten zwischen erfolgreichen Unternehmensnachfolgern und -nachfolgerinnen nach der Effectuation-Theorie. Um Unterschiede in den Denk- und Handlungsweisen zwischen den Geschlechtern herauszustellen, wurden die literaturbasiert herausgearbeiteten Hypothesen zu Geschlechterunterschieden im Entscheidungsverhalten quantitativ falsifiziert bzw. verifiziert. Es zeigt sich, dass die Effectuation-Theorie nicht geschlechterneutral ist und dass sich daraus weitreichende Implikationen für die Entrepreneurship Education ergeben.
Unternehmenssoftware als Forschungsfeld ökonomischer Bildung: Eine qualitative Studie zu ERP-Systemen aus der Sicht von Lernenden und Experten
by Bettina SchneiderDie Studie von Bettina Schneider liefert wertvolle Einblicke in den Aufbau eines Verständnisses zu ERP- (Enterprise-Resource-Planning) Systemen. Eine Besonderheit liegt in der ganzheitlichen Betrachtungsweise, die Lernende und Experten mit unterschiedlichen Erfahrungshintergründen in die Untersuchungen einbezieht. Die Autorin verwendet ein Forschungsdesign, welches die Theorien der Phänomenographie und des Conceptual Change innovativ miteinander vereint. Die Ausarbeitungen münden in einen Ergebnisraum mit fünf Stufen, die sich jeweils durch eine spezifische Kombination von Vorstellungen zu ERP-Systemen herausbilden. Drei der insgesamt fünf Verständnisebenen stellen Schwellenkonzepte mit transformierender Wirkung dar. Im Fokus des Buches steht die Erarbeitung sowie Validierung des Entwicklungsmodells. Darüber hinaus wird ein auf den Studienergebnissen aufbauendes Lehrkonzept für ERP-Systeme skizziert.
Unternehmerische Entscheidungslogik in der Entrepreneurship Education: Diagnostik von Effectuation in erfahrungsbasierten Lernarrangements (Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Ökonomische Bildung)
by Laura Gianna ViethDas unternehmerische Denken und Handeln nimmt eine immer bedeutendere Rolle in der ungewissen gesamtwirtschaftlichen Situation ein. Diese Aussage stützt sich auf die Verabschiedung der Europäischen Schlüsselkompetenzen, die zentral die unternehmerischen Kompetenzen hervorhebt. Da die Entrepreneurship Education von dem Grundsatz ausgeht, dass die unternehmerischen Kompetenzen erlernbar sind, liefert diese den Nährboden der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit. Wissenschaftlich lässt sich über die Effectuation-Logik eine differenzierte Entscheidungslogik identifizieren, die es der Anwender*in ermöglicht, unter ungewissen Bedingungen erfolgreiche unternehmerische Entscheidungen zu treffen. Zur handlungsorientierten Anwendung der Effectuation-Logik bedarf es somit dem Effectuation-Kompetenzerwerb. Doch welche Rolle explizit die Effectuation-Kompetenzen bei dem Umgang mit der Ungewissheit haben, durch welches Lehr-Lernarrangement sie methodisch erworben und valide gemessen werden, ist noch ungeklärt. So wird über das empirische Forschungsvorhaben ein Instrument konstruiert, das die unternehmerische Entscheidungslogik anhand der Effectuation-Kompetenzen diagnostiziert und den Gütekriterien der Objektivität, Reliabilität und Validität entspricht.
Unternehmungsspiele in Ausbildung und Forschung (Unternehmungsspiele)
by Franz Eisenführ"Aufruf zum Deutschen Unternehmensplanspiel 74" - mit dieser Schlagzeile war ben die Managementzeitschrift ,,Plus" und das "Universitätsseminar der Wirt schaft" in einer ganzseitigen Anzeige des "Handelsblatt" um Teilnehmer am Plan spiel MARGA 7. An diesem größten uns bekannten "play-in" auf dem Gebiet des Management können bis zu 3.072 Personen teilnehmen. In den Jahren 1971 und 1972 haben bereits über 5.300 Personen mitgespielt. Die Aktion "Deutsches Unternehmensplanspiel" und ihr Widerhall zeigen deutlich: Unternehmer-Spielen ist "in". Kaum eine der zahlreichen Managementausbildungs institutionen verzichtet auf den Einsatz von Planspielen, zahlreiche Unternehmun gen veranstalten Spiele in eigener Regie, öffentliche Verwaltungen versuchen, ihre Beamten mit Hilfe von Unternehmungsspielen in die Geheimnisse erfolgreichen Managements einzuweihen, auch für Versicherungen, Krankenhäuser, Kommunen, Banken und landwirtschaftliche Betriebe ist eine kaum noch zu übersehende Zahl von Planspielen entwickelt worden. Diese Entwicklung lebt u. a. von dem Glauben an besondere pädagogische Vorzüge von Unternehmungsspielen gegenüber anderen Lehrmethoden. Dieser Glaube wur de vor allem in der Pionierphase (ca. 1956-62) von den Konstrukteuren und den Anwendern der Spiele sozusagen als Einftihrungswerbung verbreitet. Sortiert man die einzelnen Behauptungen, so kann man zunächst zwei große Gruppen unter scheiden. Zum einen wird immer wieder darauf hingewiesen, daß ein bestimmter Komplex von Lernzielen mit Unternehmungsspielen besonders gut erreicht werden könne, zum anderen sind es lernpsychologische Vorzüge, die Unternehmungsspielen zugeschrieben werden. Die Lernziele kann man wie folgt gruppieren: - Wissen über die simulierte Umwelt erwerben, z. B.: = typische unternehmerische Entscheidungssituationen spezielle betriebliche Funktionsbereiche Interdependenzen zwischen Funktionsbereichen = zeitliche Interdependenzen von Ereignissen und Entscheidungen.