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Inglés Para Dummies
by Gail BrennerLa guía más efectiva de inglés básico para hablantes nativos de español Ingles Para Dummies es una guía para aprender lo más básico del idioma inglés.Esto le ayudara a ponerse al día con lecciones prácticas, ilustraciones útiles, y con una gran cantidad de ejemplos. Usted puede estudiar desde casa a su propio ritmo, es decir, la combinación perfecta. Escrito por un líder experto en del idioma inglés Lleno de tablas útiles para aprender vocabulario Ofrece sugerencias y consejos para descifrar el código de la gramática del ingles El audio disco compacto contiene conversaciones que enseñan la pronunciación correcta Este libro y disco compacto ofrecen cobertura de todo los aspectos esenciales del idioma ingles incluyendo gramática, su uso, y vocabulario que le permitira hablar inglés en al instante. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION The most effective guide to basic English for native Spanish Speakers Ingles Para Dummies is your guide for learning the basics of the English language. It will help to get you up to speed with practical lessons, helpful illustrations, and a wealth of examples. You can to study at home and at your own pace—the perfect combination. Written by a leading English language expert Filled with helpful charts for learning vocabulary Offers suggestions and tips for cracking the code of English grammar he audio CD demonstrates conversations presented and illustrates correct pronunciation This book and companion CD offers coverage of all English language essentials including grammar, usage, and vocabulary that will have you speaking English in no time. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Inglés Para Dummies
by Gail BrennerEs fácil aprender inglés, lo prometemos Ingles Para Dummies está repleto de explicaciones claras de la gramática, el uso, la jerga y más en inglés, todo en un formato fácil de seguir. Estudia a su propio ritmo, en la comodidad de su hogar, con esta guía imprescindible para cualquier persona que quiera aprender inglés. Le encantará el útil mini diccionario inglés-español mientras aprende la jerga para saludos personales, conversaciones telefónicas, compras, viajes, cenas y otras actividades diarias. Además, los ejemplos del mundo real te permiten poner en práctica sus nuevas habilidades. Con ayuda de pronunciación, consejos y trucos, y errores comunes para evitar, Ingles Para Dummies tiene todo lo que necesitas para usar el inglés con confianza. Aprende la gramática básica del inglés y las expresiones importantes del día a día Practica tu pronunciación y evita errores comunes Domina frases útiles para el hogar, el trabajo, la salud y la recreación Usa atajos prácticos y jerga auténtica para una conversación fácil y divertidaLos hispanohablantes que recién comienzan con el inglés pueden aprender rápida y fácilmente vocabulario básico, gramática y habilidades de conversación, además de mejorar la confianza para hablar y manejar situaciones cotidianas, gracias a este divertido libro Dummies.
Inglés Para Dummies
by Gail BrennerEs fácil aprender inglés, lo prometemos Ingles Para Dummies está repleto de explicaciones claras de la gramática, el uso, la jerga y más en inglés, todo en un formato fácil de seguir. Estudia a su propio ritmo, en la comodidad de su hogar, con esta guía imprescindible para cualquier persona que quiera aprender inglés. Le encantará el útil mini diccionario inglés-español mientras aprende la jerga para saludos personales, conversaciones telefónicas, compras, viajes, cenas y otras actividades diarias. Además, los ejemplos del mundo real te permiten poner en práctica sus nuevas habilidades. Con ayuda de pronunciación, consejos y trucos, y errores comunes para evitar, Ingles Para Dummies tiene todo lo que necesitas para usar el inglés con confianza. Aprende la gramática básica del inglés y las expresiones importantes del día a día Practica tu pronunciación y evita errores comunes Domina frases útiles para el hogar, el trabajo, la salud y la recreación Usa atajos prácticos y jerga auténtica para una conversación fácil y divertidaLos hispanohablantes que recién comienzan con el inglés pueden aprender rápida y fácilmente vocabulario básico, gramática y habilidades de conversación, además de mejorar la confianza para hablar y manejar situaciones cotidianas, gracias a este divertido libro Dummies.
Inhabiting the Borders: Foreign Language Faculty in American Colleges and Universities (Studies in Higher Education)
by Robin Matross HelmsThis book focuses on the experience of foreign language faculty in American colleges and universities, the challenges they face, and ways that academia can better support language faculty, and marginalized faculty in other fields, in their important work.
Inhabiting the Borders: Foreign Language Faculty in American Colleges and Universities (Studies in Higher Education)
by Robin Matross HelmsThis book focuses on the experience of foreign language faculty in American colleges and universities, the challenges they face, and ways that academia can better support language faculty, and marginalized faculty in other fields, in their important work.
Inheritance and Innovation in a Colonial Language: Towards a Usage-Based Account of French Guianese Creole
by William Jennings Stefan PfänderThis book takes a fresh approach to analysing how new languages are created, combining in-depth colonial history and empirical, usage-based linguistics. Focusing on a rarely studied language, the authors employ this dual methodology to reconstruct how multilingual individuals drew on their perception of Romance and West African languages to form French Guianese Creole. In doing so, they facilitate the application of a usage-based approach to language while simultaneously contributing significantly to the debate on creole origins. This innovative volume is sure to appeal to students and scholars of language history, creolisation and languages in contact.Chapter 3 is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Inheritance and Innovation in a Colonial Language: Towards a Usage-Based Account of French Guianese Creole
by William Jennings Stefan PfänderThis book takes a fresh approach to analysing how new languages are created, combining in-depth colonial history and empirical, usage-based linguistics. Focusing on a rarely studied language, the authors employ this dual methodology to reconstruct how multilingual individuals drew on their perception of Romance and West African languages to form French Guianese Creole. In doing so, they facilitate the application of a usage-based approach to language while simultaneously contributing significantly to the debate on creole origins. This innovative volume is sure to appeal to students and scholars of language history, creolisation and languages in contact.Chapter 3 is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Inner Aspect: The Articulation of VP (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory #80)
by Lisa deMena TravisFinishing this book was one of the most difficult things I have ever done. It took far too long from original idea to page proofs and suffered from being relegated to small corners of my life. It was very rarely on the front burner. Since I started working on this topic in 1991, there has been a lot of interesting work done on the areas of the articulation of VP, phrase structure mirroring event structure, the use of functional categories to represent Aktionsart, and many other areas that the research presented here touches on. The hardest thing about doing a project of this size is to accept that not everyone’s ideas can be addressed and not all new research can be incorporated. The only way that I have found it possible to let this book go to press is to reread the Preface to Events in the Semantics of English by Terence Parsons where he writes, ‘‘The goal of this book is neither completeness nor complete accuracy; it is to get some interesting proposals into the public arena for others to criticize, develop, and build on. ’’ My aim in this book is to make connections between various accounts of various constructions in various languages at the risk of treating each of these too lightly. I am grateful to too many people to thank them individually.
Innovating the TESOL Practicum in Teacher Education: Design, Implementation, and Pedagogy in an Era of Change (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Chang PuRecognizing new opportunities and challenges brought about by technological and social change, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, this volume explores innovative design, implementation, and pedagogy for practica experiences in teacher education programs in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. By showcasing research and practice undertaken in a range of teacher education courses and programs, the volume offers evidence-based approaches to enhancing pre- and in-service teachers’ learning and cultural awareness. Chapters come together coherently to address issues and explore innovative structures revolving around high-quality TESOL practica. Particular attention is paid to emerging opportunities offered by virtual and simulated learning in online and in-person practica, as well as potential changes to best practice in community-based programs. Using a diverse set of lenses to examine the practical, theoretical, and methodological aspects of TESOL practica, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers with an interest in TESOL education, as well as in open and distance education.
Innovating the TESOL Practicum in Teacher Education: Design, Implementation, and Pedagogy in an Era of Change (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Chang Pu Wayne E. WrightRecognizing new opportunities and challenges brought about by technological and social change, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, this volume explores innovative design, implementation, and pedagogy for practica experiences in teacher education programs in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. By showcasing research and practice undertaken in a range of teacher education courses and programs, the volume offers evidence-based approaches to enhancing pre- and in-service teachers’ learning and cultural awareness. Chapters come together coherently to address issues and explore innovative structures revolving around high-quality TESOL practica. Particular attention is paid to emerging opportunities offered by virtual and simulated learning in online and in-person practica, as well as potential changes to best practice in community-based programs. Using a diverse set of lenses to examine the practical, theoretical, and methodological aspects of TESOL practica, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers with an interest in TESOL education, as well as in open and distance education.
Innovation and change in English language education
by Ken Hyland Lillian L. C. WongQuestions about what to teach and how best to teach it are what drive professional practice in the English language classroom. Innovation and change in English language education addresses these key questions so that teachers are able to understand and manage change to organise teaching and learning more effectively. The book provides an accessible introduction to current theory and research in innovation and change in ELT and shows how these understandings have been applied to the practical concerns of the curriculum and the classroom. In specially commissioned chapters written by experts in the field, the volume sets out the key issues in innovation and change and shows how these relate to actual practice offers a guide to innovation and change in key areas grounded in research relates theory to practice through the use of illustrative case studies and examples brings together the very best scholarship in TESOL and language education from around the world This book will be of interest to upper undergraduate and graduate students in applied linguistics, language education and TESOL as well as pre-service and in-service teachers, teacher educators, researchers and administrators keen to create and manage teaching and learning more effectively.
Innovation and change in English language education
by Ken Hyland Lillian L. C. WongQuestions about what to teach and how best to teach it are what drive professional practice in the English language classroom. Innovation and change in English language education addresses these key questions so that teachers are able to understand and manage change to organise teaching and learning more effectively. The book provides an accessible introduction to current theory and research in innovation and change in ELT and shows how these understandings have been applied to the practical concerns of the curriculum and the classroom. In specially commissioned chapters written by experts in the field, the volume sets out the key issues in innovation and change and shows how these relate to actual practice offers a guide to innovation and change in key areas grounded in research relates theory to practice through the use of illustrative case studies and examples brings together the very best scholarship in TESOL and language education from around the world This book will be of interest to upper undergraduate and graduate students in applied linguistics, language education and TESOL as well as pre-service and in-service teachers, teacher educators, researchers and administrators keen to create and manage teaching and learning more effectively.
Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching: The Case of China (New Language Learning and Teaching Environments)
by David Nunan Hayo Reinders Bin ZouThis book evaluates the origins of processes of change in language teaching in China, and the factors influencing their success. Examining diverse experiences and drawing on the perspectives of academics from the top institutions in the country, the authors analyse the complex interplay between global and local influences on language policies. Encouraging discussion of the significant education reforms that have taken place in China in recent years, this work will be of interest to students and scholars of language education, English as a Second Language and applied linguistics.
Innovation und Persuasion in der Presse: Eine komparative Korpusanalyse zur Form und Funktion von Neologismen
by Sabine Heyne Bastian VollmerDie Autoren untersuchen anhand von gegensätzlicher Zeitungsgenres (Bild und Süddeutsche Zeitung) neben Form und Verteilung die persuasive Verwendung von Neologismen innerhalb der Thematik ‚Libyenkrieg‘. Sie zeigen, dass beide Zeitungen auf überraschend ähnliche Weise expressive und persuasive Neologismen verwenden. Diese Annäherung der Zeitungsgenres kann u.a. marktwirtschaftlich erklärt werden, denn elektronische Medien machen den klassischen Printvertretern die Arbeit immer schwerer. Besonders markant an der Entwicklung ist jedoch, dass diese nicht-neutralen Neologismen nicht nur in ihrem naheliegenden Umfeld, den primär meinungsäußernden Texten, sondern auch in primär informierenden Texten gefunden wurden. Diese Erkenntnis führt zu einem weiteren Ergebnis: Es findet eine Vermischung der Textklassen statt, die eine klare Trennung von Meinungsartikeln und Informationsartikeln unmöglich macht.
Insiders' French: Beyond the Dictionary
by Eleanor Levieux Michel LevieuxIf you had been living in France in the 1990s, the language you would have heard on the radio and television or seen in the newspapers would be far removed from the French language of ten or twenty years ago. The country and its language have changed tremendously in a relatively short period of time, and, as a result, English speakers with a grounding in French can still find themselves struggling to understand terms commonly encountered in contemporary French society. Luckily, Eleanor and Michel Levieux now bring us up to date with their Insiders' French, an utterly entertaining and informative guide to the language of the "new France." This "new France" is a country poised to experience the European single currency but uncertain about being part of Europe. It is hooked on fast food but ambivalent about the country where it originated. France today has record unemployment and an increasingly controversial immigrant population. Clearly, given the rapidly changing conditions and lifestyles, conventional French dictionaries alone cannot completely inform readers and visitors. Insiders' French offers a solution to the incomprehension, a unique handbook in which you'll find the language of European union, the space program, abortion and women's rights, high-tech industries, and health care, among other topics. Entries proceed by association of ideas and related terms, with extensive cross-referencing, while still being alphabetized for easy reference like a standard dictionary. Cartoons from major French journals add to your understanding and enjoyment. Insiders' French opens up the secret territory of French politics and culture that is often not understood by visitors or students, and it does so with wit and verve—qualities that remain in the French language despite its recent changes.
Insiders' French: Beyond the Dictionary (Nature Of Human Society Ser.)
by Eleanor Levieux Michel LevieuxIf you had been living in France in the 1990s, the language you would have heard on the radio and television or seen in the newspapers would be far removed from the French language of ten or twenty years ago. The country and its language have changed tremendously in a relatively short period of time, and, as a result, English speakers with a grounding in French can still find themselves struggling to understand terms commonly encountered in contemporary French society. Luckily, Eleanor and Michel Levieux now bring us up to date with their Insiders' French, an utterly entertaining and informative guide to the language of the "new France." This "new France" is a country poised to experience the European single currency but uncertain about being part of Europe. It is hooked on fast food but ambivalent about the country where it originated. France today has record unemployment and an increasingly controversial immigrant population. Clearly, given the rapidly changing conditions and lifestyles, conventional French dictionaries alone cannot completely inform readers and visitors. Insiders' French offers a solution to the incomprehension, a unique handbook in which you'll find the language of European union, the space program, abortion and women's rights, high-tech industries, and health care, among other topics. Entries proceed by association of ideas and related terms, with extensive cross-referencing, while still being alphabetized for easy reference like a standard dictionary. Cartoons from major French journals add to your understanding and enjoyment. Insiders' French opens up the secret territory of French politics and culture that is often not understood by visitors or students, and it does so with wit and verve—qualities that remain in the French language despite its recent changes.
Insiders' French: Beyond the Dictionary (Nature Of Human Society Ser.)
by Eleanor Levieux Michel LevieuxIf you had been living in France in the 1990s, the language you would have heard on the radio and television or seen in the newspapers would be far removed from the French language of ten or twenty years ago. The country and its language have changed tremendously in a relatively short period of time, and, as a result, English speakers with a grounding in French can still find themselves struggling to understand terms commonly encountered in contemporary French society. Luckily, Eleanor and Michel Levieux now bring us up to date with their Insiders' French, an utterly entertaining and informative guide to the language of the "new France." This "new France" is a country poised to experience the European single currency but uncertain about being part of Europe. It is hooked on fast food but ambivalent about the country where it originated. France today has record unemployment and an increasingly controversial immigrant population. Clearly, given the rapidly changing conditions and lifestyles, conventional French dictionaries alone cannot completely inform readers and visitors. Insiders' French offers a solution to the incomprehension, a unique handbook in which you'll find the language of European union, the space program, abortion and women's rights, high-tech industries, and health care, among other topics. Entries proceed by association of ideas and related terms, with extensive cross-referencing, while still being alphabetized for easy reference like a standard dictionary. Cartoons from major French journals add to your understanding and enjoyment. Insiders' French opens up the secret territory of French politics and culture that is often not understood by visitors or students, and it does so with wit and verve—qualities that remain in the French language despite its recent changes.
Insiders' French: Beyond the Dictionary
by Eleanor Levieux Michel LevieuxIf you had been living in France in the 1990s, the language you would have heard on the radio and television or seen in the newspapers would be far removed from the French language of ten or twenty years ago. The country and its language have changed tremendously in a relatively short period of time, and, as a result, English speakers with a grounding in French can still find themselves struggling to understand terms commonly encountered in contemporary French society. Luckily, Eleanor and Michel Levieux now bring us up to date with their Insiders' French, an utterly entertaining and informative guide to the language of the "new France." This "new France" is a country poised to experience the European single currency but uncertain about being part of Europe. It is hooked on fast food but ambivalent about the country where it originated. France today has record unemployment and an increasingly controversial immigrant population. Clearly, given the rapidly changing conditions and lifestyles, conventional French dictionaries alone cannot completely inform readers and visitors. Insiders' French offers a solution to the incomprehension, a unique handbook in which you'll find the language of European union, the space program, abortion and women's rights, high-tech industries, and health care, among other topics. Entries proceed by association of ideas and related terms, with extensive cross-referencing, while still being alphabetized for easy reference like a standard dictionary. Cartoons from major French journals add to your understanding and enjoyment. Insiders' French opens up the secret territory of French politics and culture that is often not understood by visitors or students, and it does so with wit and verve—qualities that remain in the French language despite its recent changes.
Insiders' French: Beyond the Dictionary
by Eleanor Levieux Michel LevieuxIf you had been living in France in the 1990s, the language you would have heard on the radio and television or seen in the newspapers would be far removed from the French language of ten or twenty years ago. The country and its language have changed tremendously in a relatively short period of time, and, as a result, English speakers with a grounding in French can still find themselves struggling to understand terms commonly encountered in contemporary French society. Luckily, Eleanor and Michel Levieux now bring us up to date with their Insiders' French, an utterly entertaining and informative guide to the language of the "new France." This "new France" is a country poised to experience the European single currency but uncertain about being part of Europe. It is hooked on fast food but ambivalent about the country where it originated. France today has record unemployment and an increasingly controversial immigrant population. Clearly, given the rapidly changing conditions and lifestyles, conventional French dictionaries alone cannot completely inform readers and visitors. Insiders' French offers a solution to the incomprehension, a unique handbook in which you'll find the language of European union, the space program, abortion and women's rights, high-tech industries, and health care, among other topics. Entries proceed by association of ideas and related terms, with extensive cross-referencing, while still being alphabetized for easy reference like a standard dictionary. Cartoons from major French journals add to your understanding and enjoyment. Insiders' French opens up the secret territory of French politics and culture that is often not understood by visitors or students, and it does so with wit and verve—qualities that remain in the French language despite its recent changes.
Insiders' French: Beyond the Dictionary
by Eleanor Levieux Michel LevieuxIf you had been living in France in the 1990s, the language you would have heard on the radio and television or seen in the newspapers would be far removed from the French language of ten or twenty years ago. The country and its language have changed tremendously in a relatively short period of time, and, as a result, English speakers with a grounding in French can still find themselves struggling to understand terms commonly encountered in contemporary French society. Luckily, Eleanor and Michel Levieux now bring us up to date with their Insiders' French, an utterly entertaining and informative guide to the language of the "new France." This "new France" is a country poised to experience the European single currency but uncertain about being part of Europe. It is hooked on fast food but ambivalent about the country where it originated. France today has record unemployment and an increasingly controversial immigrant population. Clearly, given the rapidly changing conditions and lifestyles, conventional French dictionaries alone cannot completely inform readers and visitors. Insiders' French offers a solution to the incomprehension, a unique handbook in which you'll find the language of European union, the space program, abortion and women's rights, high-tech industries, and health care, among other topics. Entries proceed by association of ideas and related terms, with extensive cross-referencing, while still being alphabetized for easy reference like a standard dictionary. Cartoons from major French journals add to your understanding and enjoyment. Insiders' French opens up the secret territory of French politics and culture that is often not understood by visitors or students, and it does so with wit and verve—qualities that remain in the French language despite its recent changes.
Instructed Second Language Acquisition of Arabic: Contextualized Input, Output, and Conversational Form-Focused Instruction of Agreement Asymmetries
by Mahmoud AzazInstructed Second Language Acquisition of Arabic examines the acquisition of agreement asymmetries in the grammatical system of Arabic as a second/foreign language through the lens of instructed second language acquisition. The book explores how to improve the processes of L2 learning of Arabic using evidence-based classroom research. Before it does this, it characterizes the variable challenges that English L2 learners of Arabic face when they acquire four structural cases in Arabic grammar that entail agreement asymmetries. Using the pretest–posttest design, it examines the effects of four classroom interventions using quantitative and qualitative measures. In these interventions, form-based and meaning-based measures were used to reveal to what degree learners have developed explicit and implicit knowledge of these aspects of asymmetry. In the concluding chapter, the book provides focused and specific implications based on the results of the four studies. It provides theoretical implications that enrich the discussions of instructed second language Acquisition in Arabic and other languages more broadly. It also provides implications for teachers, curriculum designers, and textbook writers of Arabic. This book will be informative for Arabic applied linguists, researchers of Arabic SLA, Arabic instructors (at the K–12 and the college level), and Arabic program directors and coordinators. The book will also appeal to all SLA and ISLA researchers.
Instructed Second Language Acquisition of Arabic: Contextualized Input, Output, and Conversational Form-Focused Instruction of Agreement Asymmetries
by Mahmoud AzazInstructed Second Language Acquisition of Arabic examines the acquisition of agreement asymmetries in the grammatical system of Arabic as a second/foreign language through the lens of instructed second language acquisition. The book explores how to improve the processes of L2 learning of Arabic using evidence-based classroom research. Before it does this, it characterizes the variable challenges that English L2 learners of Arabic face when they acquire four structural cases in Arabic grammar that entail agreement asymmetries. Using the pretest–posttest design, it examines the effects of four classroom interventions using quantitative and qualitative measures. In these interventions, form-based and meaning-based measures were used to reveal to what degree learners have developed explicit and implicit knowledge of these aspects of asymmetry. In the concluding chapter, the book provides focused and specific implications based on the results of the four studies. It provides theoretical implications that enrich the discussions of instructed second language Acquisition in Arabic and other languages more broadly. It also provides implications for teachers, curriculum designers, and textbook writers of Arabic. This book will be informative for Arabic applied linguists, researchers of Arabic SLA, Arabic instructors (at the K–12 and the college level), and Arabic program directors and coordinators. The book will also appeal to all SLA and ISLA researchers.
Integrating Writing Strategies in EFL/ESL University Contexts: A Writing-Across-the-Curriculum Approach
by Jennifer Lynn CraigClearly explaining writing-across-the-curriculum (WAC) pedagogy for English language teachers in university settings, this book offers an accessible guide to integrating writing and speaking tasks across the curriculum and in disciplinary courses. Teachers will find this book useful because its direct, practical advice can be easily incorporated in their classrooms to help their students develop advanced disciplinary English skills in writing, oral presentation, and graphical presentation. Enhancing its usefulness and relevance, each chapter includes coverage of the use of technology for teaching and learning; ways in which teachers can effectively and efficiently assess writing and speaking; and vignettes or examples to Illustrate writing strategies or assignments in different contexts. Pulling together the key features of writing-across-the-curriculum in one volume this book, is an efficient resource for busy EFL/ESL teachers worldwide.
Integrating Writing Strategies in EFL/ESL University Contexts: A Writing-Across-the-Curriculum Approach
by Jennifer Lynn CraigClearly explaining writing-across-the-curriculum (WAC) pedagogy for English language teachers in university settings, this book offers an accessible guide to integrating writing and speaking tasks across the curriculum and in disciplinary courses. Teachers will find this book useful because its direct, practical advice can be easily incorporated in their classrooms to help their students develop advanced disciplinary English skills in writing, oral presentation, and graphical presentation. Enhancing its usefulness and relevance, each chapter includes coverage of the use of technology for teaching and learning; ways in which teachers can effectively and efficiently assess writing and speaking; and vignettes or examples to Illustrate writing strategies or assignments in different contexts. Pulling together the key features of writing-across-the-curriculum in one volume this book, is an efficient resource for busy EFL/ESL teachers worldwide.
Intellectual History in Contemporary South Africa
by M. EzeIn examining the intellectual history in contemporary South Africa, Eze engages with the emergence of ubuntu as one discourse that has become a mirror and aftermath of South Africa s overall historical narrative. This book interrogates a triple socio-political representation of ubuntu as a displacement narrative for South Africa s colonial consciousness; as offering a new national imaginary through its inclusive consciousness, in which different, competing, and often antagonistic memories and histories are accommodated; and as offering a historicity in which the past is transformed as a symbol of hope for the present and the future. This book offers a model for African intellectual history indignant to polemics but constitutive of creative historicism and healthy humanism.