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Intelligibility in World Englishes: Theory and Application (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Cecil L. NelsonIntelligibility is the term most generally used to address the complex of criteria that describe, broadly, how useful someone’s English is when talking or writing to someone else. Set within the paradigm of world Englishes – which posits that the Englishes of the world may be seen as flexibly categorized into three Circles (Inner, Outer, Expanding) in terms of their historical developments – this text provides a comprehensive overview of the definitions and scopes of intelligibility, comprehensibility and interpretability, and addresses key topics within this paradigm: Who – if anyone – provides the models and norms for a given population of English users? Hybridity and creativity in world Englishes Evaluating paradigms: misinformation and disinformation Practicalities of dealing with the widening variety of Englishes Is English "falling apart"? The much-debated issue of intelligibility touches not only sociolinguistic theory but all aspects of English language teaching, second language acquisition, language curriculum planning, and regional or national language planning. Designed for students, teacher educators, and scholars internationally, each chapter includes ‘Topics for Discussion and Assignments’ and ‘Suggestions for Further Reading’.
Intelligibility in World Englishes: Theory and Application (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Cecil L. NelsonIntelligibility is the term most generally used to address the complex of criteria that describe, broadly, how useful someone’s English is when talking or writing to someone else. Set within the paradigm of world Englishes – which posits that the Englishes of the world may be seen as flexibly categorized into three Circles (Inner, Outer, Expanding) in terms of their historical developments – this text provides a comprehensive overview of the definitions and scopes of intelligibility, comprehensibility and interpretability, and addresses key topics within this paradigm: Who – if anyone – provides the models and norms for a given population of English users? Hybridity and creativity in world Englishes Evaluating paradigms: misinformation and disinformation Practicalities of dealing with the widening variety of Englishes Is English "falling apart"? The much-debated issue of intelligibility touches not only sociolinguistic theory but all aspects of English language teaching, second language acquisition, language curriculum planning, and regional or national language planning. Designed for students, teacher educators, and scholars internationally, each chapter includes ‘Topics for Discussion and Assignments’ and ‘Suggestions for Further Reading’.
Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)
by Jiun-Shiung WuThis book addresses intensification and modal necessity in Mandarin Chinese. Intensification is used in this book to describe the speaker’s emphasis on a proposition, because, by emphasizing on a proposition, the speaker intensifies the degree of his/her confidence and affirmativeness toward the truth of a proposition, cf. the distinction between ‘weaker’ and ‘stronger’. Modal necessity discussed in this book refers either to the speaker’s certainty regarding the truth of an inference, judgment or stipulation, that is, epistemic necessity or to the speaker’s certainty concerning the obligatoriness of a proposition, based on rules or regulations, i.e., deontic necessity. This book examines a series of lexical items in Mandarin Chinese that express either intensification or modal necessity, provides a unified semantics and also presents how these lexical items are semantically distinct. Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese is aimed at instructors, researchers and post-graduate students of Chinese Linguistics.
Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)
by Jiun-Shiung WuThis book addresses intensification and modal necessity in Mandarin Chinese. Intensification is used in this book to describe the speaker’s emphasis on a proposition, because, by emphasizing on a proposition, the speaker intensifies the degree of his/her confidence and affirmativeness toward the truth of a proposition, cf. the distinction between ‘weaker’ and ‘stronger’. Modal necessity discussed in this book refers either to the speaker’s certainty regarding the truth of an inference, judgment or stipulation, that is, epistemic necessity or to the speaker’s certainty concerning the obligatoriness of a proposition, based on rules or regulations, i.e., deontic necessity. This book examines a series of lexical items in Mandarin Chinese that express either intensification or modal necessity, provides a unified semantics and also presents how these lexical items are semantically distinct. Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese is aimed at instructors, researchers and post-graduate students of Chinese Linguistics.
Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammar Workbooks)
by Jean-Francois MondonIntensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry. Features include: Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease Frequent Latin to English and full English to Latin translations Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermadiate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language. Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar.
Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammar Workbooks)
by Jean-Francois MondonIntensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry. Features include: Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease Frequent Latin to English and full English to Latin translations Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermadiate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language. Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar.
Interculturality in Chinese Language Education (Palgrave Studies on Chinese Education in a Global Perspective)
by Fred Dervin Tinghe JinThis book calls for a change in the way interculturality is introduced in Chinese language education, while the demand for Chinese language teaching increases around the world. The concept of culture – as in the phrase ‘Chinese culture’ – has often been one of the main emphases of Chinese language education, providing students with facts about China and ‘recipes’ on how to meet Chinese people and how to behave like them. However, Chinese culture, like all cultures, does not constitute a closed system, but is constantly evolving and exchanging with other cultures.This unique volume comprises studies from around the world that promote intercultural awareness, dialogue, and encounters in Chinese language education. Written in a clear and readable style, this book will appeal to a diverse readership, from practising and training teachers of Chinese, to researchers interested in language and intercultural education.
Interdisciplinary Practices in Academia: Writing, Teaching and Assessment (Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics)
by Louisa Buckingham Jihua Dong Feng Kevin JiangThis volume addresses the implications that academic interdisciplinarity in the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has for research and pedagogy with a global reach. The Editors present a coherent, research-supported analysis of the influence of interdisciplinary research and methods on the way academics collaborate on courses, develop their careers, and teach students. The hitherto prevalence of disciplinary silo-like approaches to academic and scientific issues is increasingly ceding ground to an interdisciplinary synergy of different methodological and epistemological traditions. In the context of ongoing trends towards interdisciplinarity in degree programmes and the increasing popularity of such degree programmes with students (e.g., bioinformatics, computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, neuropolitics, evolutionary finance, global studies, and security studies), academics and programme administrators need awareness of the skills needed to operate in interdisciplinary contexts. Studies in this edited volume examine interdisciplinary communication practices, and identify how academic writing, teaching, language proficiency assessment and degree programmes are responding to changes in the broader social, institutional and political contexts of academia. As authors in the volume demonstrate, the discursive features, literacy practices and instructional modes, and the student experience of these emerging interdisciplines deserve systematic exploration. This insightful volume sheds light on contexts across the globe and will be used by students studying EAP and ESP pedagogy or practice; academics in the fields of applied linguistics and higher education, as well as higher education faculty and administrators interested in interdisciplinarity in degree programmes.
Interdisciplinary Practices in Academia: Writing, Teaching and Assessment (Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics)
This volume addresses the implications that academic interdisciplinarity in the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has for research and pedagogy with a global reach. The Editors present a coherent, research-supported analysis of the influence of interdisciplinary research and methods on the way academics collaborate on courses, develop their careers, and teach students. The hitherto prevalence of disciplinary silo-like approaches to academic and scientific issues is increasingly ceding ground to an interdisciplinary synergy of different methodological and epistemological traditions. In the context of ongoing trends towards interdisciplinarity in degree programmes and the increasing popularity of such degree programmes with students (e.g., bioinformatics, computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, neuropolitics, evolutionary finance, global studies, and security studies), academics and programme administrators need awareness of the skills needed to operate in interdisciplinary contexts. Studies in this edited volume examine interdisciplinary communication practices, and identify how academic writing, teaching, language proficiency assessment and degree programmes are responding to changes in the broader social, institutional and political contexts of academia. As authors in the volume demonstrate, the discursive features, literacy practices and instructional modes, and the student experience of these emerging interdisciplines deserve systematic exploration. This insightful volume sheds light on contexts across the globe and will be used by students studying EAP and ESP pedagogy or practice; academics in the fields of applied linguistics and higher education, as well as higher education faculty and administrators interested in interdisciplinarity in degree programmes.
The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)
by Yicheng WuThe Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics provides an in-depth exploration of a variety of interface phenomena in Chinese, a non-inflectional language, where to a large extent word order constrains its interpretation and defines its grammatical functions. Under the Dynamic Syntax approach, which takes the incremental left-to-right processing of linguistic forms to be a fundamental part of characterizing the relation between syntactic structure and semantic interpretation, a straightforward explanation is provided. The study features detailed analysis of a range of key grammatical constructions such as topic, passive, copular and cleft, where previous analyses were sought in pure syntactic, semantic or pragmatic terms. Clear and straightforward throughout, The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics will be of interest to graduate students and scholars of Chinese, linguistics and cognitive science.
The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)
by Yicheng WuThe Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics provides an in-depth exploration of a variety of interface phenomena in Chinese, a non-inflectional language, where to a large extent word order constrains its interpretation and defines its grammatical functions. Under the Dynamic Syntax approach, which takes the incremental left-to-right processing of linguistic forms to be a fundamental part of characterizing the relation between syntactic structure and semantic interpretation, a straightforward explanation is provided. The study features detailed analysis of a range of key grammatical constructions such as topic, passive, copular and cleft, where previous analyses were sought in pure syntactic, semantic or pragmatic terms. Clear and straightforward throughout, The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics will be of interest to graduate students and scholars of Chinese, linguistics and cognitive science.
Intergenerational Memory and Language of the Sarajevo Sephardim
by Jonna RockThis book analyses issues of language and Jewish identity among the Sephardim in Sarajevo. The author examines how Sephardim belonging to three different generations in Sarajevo deal with the challenge of cultivating hybrid and hyphenated identities under destabilizing conditions, exploring how a group of interviewees define and describe the language they speak since Yugoslavia’s collapse. Their self-identification through language is then placed within the context of other cases of linguistic and ethnic identity formation in European minority groups. This book will be of interest to students and scholars working in several related fields and disciplines, including Slavic studies, Historical Anthropology, Jewish History and Holocaust studies, Sociolinguistics, and Memory studies.
Interlanguage Pragmatics: Exploring Institutional Talk (Second Language Acquisition Research Series)
by Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig Beverly S. HartfordThis volume brings conversational analysis into the study of second language pragmatics as an analytic paradigm. A well-regarded team of researchers addresses a difficult area for the interlanguage pragmatics research community--the balance between experimental method and the use of conversational data. Institutional talk provides authentic and consequential talk. The goal of the book is to demonstrate how the investigation of institutional talk balances the researcher's need for comparable and replicable interactions with the need to observe authentic outcomes. The chapters present empirical studies based on quantitative and qualitative analyses, which are carefully illustrated by the real-world variables that each institution controls. The chapters span a range of institutions, including the university writing center, hotels, secondary schools, and employment offices. The variables examined include the traditional ILP variables, such as status, directness, and social distance, as well as new concepts like trust, authority, equality and discourse style.
Interlanguage Pragmatics: Exploring Institutional Talk (Second Language Acquisition Research Series)
by Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig Beverly S. HartfordThis volume brings conversational analysis into the study of second language pragmatics as an analytic paradigm. A well-regarded team of researchers addresses a difficult area for the interlanguage pragmatics research community--the balance between experimental method and the use of conversational data. Institutional talk provides authentic and consequential talk. The goal of the book is to demonstrate how the investigation of institutional talk balances the researcher's need for comparable and replicable interactions with the need to observe authentic outcomes. The chapters present empirical studies based on quantitative and qualitative analyses, which are carefully illustrated by the real-world variables that each institution controls. The chapters span a range of institutions, including the university writing center, hotels, secondary schools, and employment offices. The variables examined include the traditional ILP variables, such as status, directness, and social distance, as well as new concepts like trust, authority, equality and discourse style.
Intermediate Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammar Workbooks)
by Virginia Yip Stephen MatthewsIntermediate Cantonese is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each of the 25 units combines clear, concise grammar explanations with communicatively oriented exercises to help build confidence and fluency. Features include: Many authentic examples from contemporary media, including films, advertising, songs and soap operas Clear differentiation between colloquial and more formal speech registers Up-to-date analysis of contemporary Cantonese as spoken in Hong Kong. Suitable for independent learners and students on taught courses, Intermediate Cantonese, together with its sister volume, Basic Cantonese, forms a structured course of the essentials of Cantonese grammar.
Intermediate Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammar Workbooks)
by Virginia Yip Stephen MatthewsIntermediate Cantonese is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each of the 25 units combines clear, concise grammar explanations with communicatively oriented exercises to help build confidence and fluency. Features include: Many authentic examples from contemporary media, including films, advertising, songs and soap operas Clear differentiation between colloquial and more formal speech registers Up-to-date analysis of contemporary Cantonese as spoken in Hong Kong. Suitable for independent learners and students on taught courses, Intermediate Cantonese, together with its sister volume, Basic Cantonese, forms a structured course of the essentials of Cantonese grammar.
Intermediate Chinese: A Grammar and Workbook (Grammar Workbooks)
by Po-Ching Yip Don RimmingtonIntermediate Chinese is the ideal reference and practice book for students with some knowledge of the language. Each of the 25 units deals with a particular grammatical point and provides associated exercises. Features include: clear, accessible format many useful language examples jargon-free grammar explanations sample drills and exercises with full answer key. All Chinese entries are presented in both pinyin romanisation and Chinese characters, and are accompanied, in most cases, by English translations to facilitate self-tuition in both the spoken and the written language. This new edition also includes a glossary of vocabulary and aglossary of grammatical terms. Intermediate Chinese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Chinese, and introduces more complicated structures. The two books form a compendium of the essentials of Chinese grammar.
Intermediate German: A Grammar and Workbook
by Anna Miell Heiner SchenkeIntermediate German is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and now wish to progress to more complex language. Each of the units combines concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency. Features include: clear explanations of the similarities and differences in English and German grammar authentic language examples from a range of contemporary media checklists at the end of each unit for consolidation full cross-referencing throughout extra tips on language learning and learning specific grammar points. Suitable for students learning with or without a teacher, Intermediate German, together with its sister volume, Basic German, forms a structured course of the essentials of German grammar.
Intermediate German: A Grammar and Workbook (Grammar Workbooks)
by Anna Miell Heiner SchenkeIntermediate German: A Grammar and Workbook is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and now wish to progress to more complex language. Each of the units combines concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency. The new edition includes: up-to-date cultural aspects of German-speaking countries extended entries on adverbs and the imperative Did you know? sections with tips on learning strategies, and on contemporary usage more exercises to refine retention Suitable for students learning with or without a teacher, Intermediate German forms a structured course of the essentials of German grammar and is suitable for students at intermediate level, corresponding to levels A2–B1+ on the CEFR or Intermediate High/Advanced Low with the ACTFL.
Intermediate German: A Grammar and Workbook (Grammar Workbooks)
by Anna Miell Heiner SchenkeIntermediate German: A Grammar and Workbook is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and now wish to progress to more complex language. Each of the units combines concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency. The new edition includes: up-to-date cultural aspects of German-speaking countries extended entries on adverbs and the imperative Did you know? sections with tips on learning strategies, and on contemporary usage more exercises to refine retention Suitable for students learning with or without a teacher, Intermediate German forms a structured course of the essentials of German grammar and is suitable for students at intermediate level, corresponding to levels A2–B1+ on the CEFR or Intermediate High/Advanced Low with the ACTFL.
Intermediate German For Dummies
by Wendy FosterNeed to brush up on your German? Intermediate German For Dummies is your key to success in becoming confident in both written and spoken German. It gives you the straight talk and nitty-gritty detail that will see you successfully through any major or minor roadblocks to communicating in German. This friendly, hands-on workbook is loaded with practical examples and useful exercises so you can practice how native speakers use the language. From vocabulary and numbers to juggling tenses, you’ll get a clear understanding of the nuances of German style and usage that will have you writing and speaking in no time. Plus, you’ll find multiple charts that provide conjugations for all types of German verbs. You’ll get up to speed with German grammar, master essential differences between German and English language usage, and be able to communicate effectively when traveling or conducting business. Discover how to: Use fundamental German grammar, from nouns, adjectives, and adverbs to pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions Select and conjugate German verbs correctly Understand the importance of grammatical gender in German Avoid the most common writing mistakes Use numbers and express dates and times Name countries and nationalities in German Expand your German vocabulary exponentially Get comfortable with the subjunctive Combine verbs with confidence and competence If you’re heading to any German-speaking country, sharpen your German-language skills the fun and easy way with Intermediate German For Dummies.
Intermediate Irish: A Grammar and Workbook
by Nancy StensonIntermediate Irish is a jargon-free workbook examining the most commonly used grammatical structures within the Irish language. Focusing on the repeated use of grammatical patterns, the Grammar develops an understanding of the structures presented, making the forms familiar and automatic for learners. This user-friendly workbook includes: terminology introduced and explained with multiple examples exercises in the grammatical forms introduced in the text translation exercises an exercise key.
Intermediate Irish: A Grammar and Workbook
by Nancy StensonIntermediate Irish is a jargon-free workbook examining the most commonly used grammatical structures within the Irish language. Focusing on the repeated use of grammatical patterns, the Grammar develops an understanding of the structures presented, making the forms familiar and automatic for learners. This user-friendly workbook includes: terminology introduced and explained with multiple examples exercises in the grammatical forms introduced in the text translation exercises an exercise key.
Intermediate Italian For Dummies
by Daniela GobettiTake your Italian skills to the next level the fun and easy way with Intermediate Italian For Dummies! This practical, easy-to-follow guide will help you to be more fluent and comfortable in your Italian writing. You’ll learn key concepts, practice what you’ve learned, and check your answers. With the exercises and lessons featured in this book, you will be able master written communication in Italian. You’ll quickly understand the basics of Italian grammar and pick up on the nuances of this romantic language. You’ll learn how to conjugate verbs, navigate tenses, and feel comfortable with gendered words. Say and spell words correctly, and no one will be able to tell that you’re not a native Italian. You’ll discover the basics of ordering words, answering questions, and forming complete sentences. You’ll be able to master parts of speech and apply articles as needed. Find out how to: Navigate grammar, language nuances, and verb tenses Conjugate verbs and understand the basics of gender Say and spell words correctly Order words correctly Answer questions and form complete sentences Use articles where necessary Understand the various parts of speech Write and speak Italian like a native Complete with lists of ten facts to remember about Italian grammar and ten subtle terminology distinctions, Intermediate Italian For Dummies is your one-stop guide to taking your Italian skills to the next level and improving upon what you already know about this widely spoken language.
Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook (Grammar Workbooks)
by Andrew Sangpil ByonIntermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. This workbook presents twenty-four individual grammar points, covering the core material which students would expect to encounter in their second year of learning Korean. Grammar points are followed by examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. Intermediate Korean is suitable for both class use as well as independent study. Key features include: clear, accessible format many useful language examples all Korean entries presented in Hangul with English translations jargon-free explanations of grammar abundant exercises with full answer key subject index. Clearly presented and user-friendly, Intermediate Korean provides readers with the essential tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations, making it an ideal grammar reference and practice resource for students with some knowledge of the language.