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Bureaucracy (Key Concepts in Political Science)
by Martin AlbrowMartin Albrow, Honorary Vice-President of the British Sociological Association Martin Albrow, Honorary Vice-President of the British Sociological Association
Bureaucracy At War: U.S. Performance In The Vietnam Conflict
by Robert W. KomerBureaucracy At War U.S. Performance In The Vietnam Conflict is an encyclopaedic analysis of many issues raised in the course of the Vietnam War. Komer questions the presence of the U.S in South-east Asia as well as tackling technical, strategic, tactical, military and non-military issues.
Bureaucracy At War: U.S. Performance In The Vietnam Conflict
by Robert W. KomerBureaucracy At War U.S. Performance In The Vietnam Conflict is an encyclopaedic analysis of many issues raised in the course of the Vietnam War. Komer questions the presence of the U.S in South-east Asia as well as tackling technical, strategic, tactical, military and non-military issues.
The Bureaucracy of Empathy: Law, Vivisection, and Animal Pain in Late Nineteenth-Century Britain (Corpus Juris: The Humanities in Politics and Law)
by Shira ShmuelyThe Bureaucracy of Empathy revolves around two central questions: What is pain? And how do we recognize, understand, and ameliorate the pain of nonhuman animals? Shira Shmuely investigates these ethical issues through a close and careful history of the origins, implementation, and enforcement of the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act of Parliament, which for the first time imposed legal restrictions on animal experimentation and mandated official supervision of procedures "calculated to give pain" to animal subjects.Exploring how scientists, bureaucrats, and lawyers wrestled with the problem of animal pain and its perception, Shmuely traces in depth and detail how the Act was enforced, the medical establishment's initial resistance and then embrace of regulation, and the challenges from anti-vivisection advocates who deemed it insufficient protection against animal suffering. She shows how a "bureaucracy of empathy" emerged to support and administer the legislation, navigating incongruent interpretations of pain. This crucial moment in animal law and ethics continues to inform laws regulating the treatment of nonhuman animals in laboratories, farms, and homes around the worlds to the present.
The Bureaucracy Of Truth: How Communist Governments Manage The News
by Paul LendvaiThis book deals with the Communist mass media, their structure, function and control, combining common features and variations in each country. It discusses the significance and consequences of the Helsinki accords and the Eastern record of implementation in 1975.
The Bureaucracy Of Truth: How Communist Governments Manage The News
by Paul LendvaiThis book deals with the Communist mass media, their structure, function and control, combining common features and variations in each country. It discusses the significance and consequences of the Helsinki accords and the Eastern record of implementation in 1975.
Bureaucracy, Work and Violence: The Reich Ministry of Labour in Nazi Germany, 1933–1945
by Alexander NützenadelWork played a central role in Nazi ideology and propaganda, and even today there remain some who still emphasize the supposedly positive aspects of the regime’s labor policies, ignoring the horrific and inhumane conditions they produced. This definitive volume provides, for the first time, a systematic study of the Reich Ministry of Labor and its implementation of National Socialist work doctrine. In detailed and illuminating chapters, contributors scrutinize political maneuvering, ministerial operations, relations between party and administration, and individual officials’ actions to reveal the surprising extent to which administrative apparatuses were involved in the Nazi regime and its crimes.
Bureaucratic Culture in Early Colonial India: District Officials, Armed Forces, and Personal Interest under the East India Company, 1760-1830 (War and Society in South Asia)
by James LeesThis book looks at how the fledgling British East India Company state of the 1760s developed into the mature Anglo-Indian empire of the 19th century. It investigates the bureaucratic culture of early Company administrators, primarily at the district level, and the influence of that culture on the nature and scope of colonial government in India. Drawing on a host of archival material and secondary sources, James Lees details the power relationship between local officials and their superiors at Fort William in Calcutta, and examines the wider implications of that relationship for Indian society. The book brings to the fore the manner in which the Company’s roots in India were established despite its limited military resources and lack of governmental experience. It underlines how the early colonial polity was shaped by European administrators’ attitudes towards personal and corporate reputation, financial gain, and military governance. A thoughtful intervention in understanding the impact of the Company’s government on Indian society, this volume will be of interest to researchers working within South Asian studies, British studies, administrative history, military history, and the history of colonialism.
Bureaucratic Culture in Early Colonial India: District Officials, Armed Forces, and Personal Interest under the East India Company, 1760-1830 (War and Society in South Asia)
by James LeesThis book looks at how the fledgling British East India Company state of the 1760s developed into the mature Anglo-Indian empire of the 19th century. It investigates the bureaucratic culture of early Company administrators, primarily at the district level, and the influence of that culture on the nature and scope of colonial government in India. Drawing on a host of archival material and secondary sources, James Lees details the power relationship between local officials and their superiors at Fort William in Calcutta, and examines the wider implications of that relationship for Indian society. The book brings to the fore the manner in which the Company’s roots in India were established despite its limited military resources and lack of governmental experience. It underlines how the early colonial polity was shaped by European administrators’ attitudes towards personal and corporate reputation, financial gain, and military governance. A thoughtful intervention in understanding the impact of the Company’s government on Indian society, this volume will be of interest to researchers working within South Asian studies, British studies, administrative history, military history, and the history of colonialism.
Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922 (PDF)
by Carter Vaughn FindleyFrom the author's preface: Sublime Porte--there must be few terms more redolent, even today, of the fascination that the Islamic Middle East has long exercised over Western imaginations. Yet there must also be few Western minds that now know what this term refers to, or why it has any claim to attention. One present-day Middle East expert admits to having long interpreted the expression as a reference to Istambul's splendid natural harbor. This individual is probably not unique and could perhaps claim to be relatively well informed. When the Sublime Porte still existed, Westerners who spent time in Istanbul knew the term as a designation for the Ottoman government, but few knew why the name was used, or what aspect of the Ottoman government it properly designated. What was the real Sublime Porte? Was it an organization? A building? No more, literally, than a door or gateway? What about it was important enough to cause the name to be remembered?In one sense, the purpose of this book is to answer these questions. Of course, it will also do much more and will, in the process, move quickly onto a plane quite different from the exoticism just invoked. For to study the bureaucratic complex properly known as the Sublime Porte, and to analyze its evolution and that of the body of men who staffed it, is to explore a problem of tremendous significance for the development of the administrative institutions of the Ottoman Empire, the Islamic lands in general, and in some senses the entire non-Westerrn world.
Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922 (Princeton Studies on the Near East)
by Carter Vaughn FindleyFrom the author's preface: Sublime Porte--there must be few terms more redolent, even today, of the fascination that the Islamic Middle East has long exercised over Western imaginations. Yet there must also be few Western minds that now know what this term refers to, or why it has any claim to attention. One present-day Middle East expert admits to having long interpreted the expression as a reference to Istambul's splendid natural harbor. This individual is probably not unique and could perhaps claim to be relatively well informed. When the Sublime Porte still existed, Westerners who spent time in Istanbul knew the term as a designation for the Ottoman government, but few knew why the name was used, or what aspect of the Ottoman government it properly designated. What was the real Sublime Porte? Was it an organization? A building? No more, literally, than a door or gateway? What about it was important enough to cause the name to be remembered?In one sense, the purpose of this book is to answer these questions. Of course, it will also do much more and will, in the process, move quickly onto a plane quite different from the exoticism just invoked. For to study the bureaucratic complex properly known as the Sublime Porte, and to analyze its evolution and that of the body of men who staffed it, is to explore a problem of tremendous significance for the development of the administrative institutions of the Ottoman Empire, the Islamic lands in general, and in some senses the entire non-Westerrn world.
Bureaucrats and Beggars: French Social Policy in the Age of the Enlightenment
by Thomas McStay AdamsIn the mid-eighteenth century in France, the royal authorities launched a new campaign to sweep beggars from the streets, pinning their hopes on the creation of a uniform royal network of lock-ups in which anyone found begging might be detained. In this study, Adams probes the accomplishments and the failings of these so-called dépôts de mendicité, as seen by critics of the experiment (including learned judges and influential spokesmen of the provincial Estates) and as seen by those responsible for its success: the provincial intendants, the royal engineers, the doctors, the inspectors, the contractors, and various givers of advice. He shows how the debate--both internal and external--over the operation of the dépôts contributed to the intellectual ferment of the Enlightenment and the Revolution. The resulting web of reasoning and empirical data gave support to Montesquieu's principle that the state owes every one of its citizens "a secure subsistence, suitable food and clothing, and a manner of life that is not contrary to good health."
Bureaucrats and Bourgeois Society: Office Politics and Individual Credit in France 1789-1848 (War, Culture and Society, 1750 –1850)
by R. KingstonBetween 1789 and 1848, clerks modified their occupational practices, responding to political scrutiny and state-administration reforms. Ralph Kingston examines the lives and influence of bureaucrats inside and outside the office as they helped define nineteenth-century bourgeois social capital, ideals of emulation, honour, and masculinity.
The Burger Court: Counter-Revolution or Confirmation?
by Bernard SchwartzWarren E. Burger served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1969 to 1987, an often tumultuous period in which the Court wrestled with several compelling constitutional issues. United States v. Nixon set the stage for the resignation of a President; Roe v. Wade created a nationwide debate that is as divisive today as ever before; Lemon v. Kurtzman attempted to enunciate a clear standard for vexing church-state issues; and the "Pentagon Papers" case was a landmark freedom-of-the-press decision. An impressive collection of writings by legal scholars and practitioners, including many by people who worked directly or indirectly with the Court itself, The Burger Court is the first truly systematic review of the Court's activity during Warren Burger's tenure. Such distinguished contributors as Derrick Bell, Robert Drinan, Anthony Lewis, and Mark Tushnet review individual cases and jurisprudential trends in order to render comprehensive judgments of the Court's accomplishments and shortcomings. The essays in this volume were gathered by the late Bernard Schwartz, one of America's most revered scholars of constitutional law and the editor of this book's well-received predecessor, The Warren Court: A Retrospective (OUP, 1996). As the finest overview to date of this Court's legacy and significance, The Burger Court will greatly interest anyone with a taste for constitutional issues or recent American history.
Bürger und Beteiligung in der Demokratie: Eine Einführung (Grundwissen Politik)
by Angelika Vetter Uwe Remer-BollowDas Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende und Lehrende, die sich mit Bürgerbeteiligung und politischer Partizipation in Deutschland und anderen Demokratien beschäftigen. Dazu gehören unter anderem Wahlen, Bürger und Volksentscheide, informelle Formen der Beteiligung. Das Buch bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die demokratietheoretischen Grundlagen, die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen und die relevanten Theorien zur Erklärung von Beteiligung. Dabei werden die wichtigsten Formen der politischen Partizipation und Bürgerbeteiligung hinsichtlich ihrer theoretischen und strukturellen Eigenschaften einzeln dargestellt. Zahlreiche empirische Daten und Interpretationen ergänzen die Ausführungen und vermitteln ein aktuelles Bild der Beteiligungslandschaft.
Bürgerbeteiligung an der Verwaltung am Beispiel der Hamburgischen Deputationen: Veraltete Beteiligungsform oder bewährtes Mitwirkungsinstrument
by Stephan MeynDieses Buch beleuchtet das althergebrachte Verwaltungsgremium der Hamburgischen Deputationen im verwaltungswissenschaftlichen, historischen, rechts- sowie politikwissenschaftlichen Kontext. Als zentrale Frage wird untersucht, ob die Deputationen in ihrer bis zum Ende der 21. Legislaturperiode bestehenden Form ihre Daseinsberechtigung hatten, welchen historischen Ursprungs sie waren, welchen Reformbedarf es gab und ob sie der Verfassungsvorgabe in Artikel 56 der Hamburgischen Verfassung (a. F.), das Volk an der Verwaltung mitwirken zu lassen, entsprachen. Hierzu wird einerseits eine umfassende quantitative Erhebung mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens unter den Deputierten durchgeführt und durch eine qualitative Erhebung in Form von Leitfadeninterviews ergänzt. Andererseits werden die historischen Wurzeln seit dem späten Mittelalter und die Entwicklungen bis zur Gegenwart herausgearbeitet sowie die Rechtslage vor dem Hintergrund der Verfassungsgeschichte und -wirklichkeit auch im Vergleich zu anderen deutschen Ländern dargestellt.
Bürgergesellschaft, soziales Kapital und lokale Politik: Theoretische Analysen und empirische Befunde (Stadtforschung aktuell #86)
by Michael HausDer Band vereinigt theoretische Analysen und empirische Befunde zur Bedeutung der Konzepte ,Bürgergesellschaft' und ,soziales Kapital' für die Lokale Politikforschung. Zum einen geht es um die Frage, inwiefern sich aus den seit geraumer Weile diskutierten bürgergesellschaftlichen Leitbildern und den Forschungen zur demokratietheoretischen Bedeutung von sozialen Netzwerken gehaltvolle Einsichten für eine Neubestimmung der Rolle lokaler Politik gewinnen lassen. Zum anderen werden die Möglichkeiten eines lokalen Managements von Bürgerbeteiligung und -aktivierung thematisiert. Neben kommunitaristischen und diskurstheoretischen Lesearten der Bürgergesellschaft dient v.a. der Sozialkapital-Ansatz Robert Putnams als theoretischer Bezugspunkt der Beiträge. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden umfassende Modernisierungsbestrebungen der deutschen Kommunen (,Bürgerkommune') ebenso diskutiert wie lokale Projekte zur Beförderung sozialer Inklusion (,Soziale Stadt').
Bürgerliche Frauenbilder im 19. Jahrhundert: Die Zeitschrift »Der Bazar« als Verhandlungsforum weiblichen Selbstverständnisses (Historische Geschlechterforschung #4)
by Barbara Krautwald»Der Bazar« war zwischen 1854 und 1900 eine der im Bürgertum bekanntesten und meistgelesenen Zeitschriften, die neben Themen wie Mode und Handarbeiten auch die Rolle der Frau diskutierte. Was ist die Natur der Frau? Welche Art der weiblichen Bildung ist angemessen? Welche Lebensentwürfe sind neben dem der Ehefrau und Mutter noch denkbar? Diese und weitere Fragen werden im »Bazar« über Jahrzehnte hinweg verhandelt. Anhand der von konservativ bis liberal reichenden Standpunkte untersucht Barbara Krautwald die sich darin widerspiegelnden sozialen Entwicklungen von generellem weiblichen Selbstverständnis bis hin zum Frauenstudium.
Bürgermeister Curtius: Lebensbild eines hanseatischen Staatsmannes im neunzehnten Jahrhundert
by Paul Curtius
Bürgerschrecken!: Antibürgerliche Ästhetiken und Diskurse in der Romania (1870-1939) (Prolegomena Romanica. Beiträge zu den romanischen Kulturen und Literaturen)
by Teresa Hiergeist Benjamin LoyDer Band untersucht ästhetische und diskursive Formen, die in der Moderne an die Kritik des Bürgerlichen geknüpft sind. Der Fokus richtet sich auf Beispiele aus Frankreich, Italien und Spanien sowie aus Lateinamerika. Diese kulturvergleichende Perspektive auf Dimensionen von Antibürgerlichkeit eröffnet neue Lesarten eines zentralen Themas der Moderne. Die Bandbreite der Analysen umfasst die ästhetischen Dimensionen von anarchistischen Reformdiskursen und reaktionären Gesellschaftsentwürfen ebenso wie von Modellen einer christlichen Kapitalismuskritik oder der revolutionären Programme der Avantgarden. Vor dem Hintergrund eines Wiedererstarkens antibürgerlicher Formationen in der Gegenwart bietet der Band eine historisch-kritische Diskussion alternativer Sozialimaginationen jenseits der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft.
Burgesses and Burgess Law in the Latin Kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1099–1325)
by Marwan NaderThis is the first book devoted to the study of burgesses in the Latin Kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1099-1325). It offers a comprehensive assessment of the contributions made by the non-feudal class to the development of legal and commercial institutions in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. Dispensing with the commonly held view that burgesses had only marginal influence, evidence is presented to illustrate how the existence of a 'middle class' was essential to the ambitions of the kingdoms' leaders. A systematic examination of all relevant contemporary source material - charters, law-books and narrative accounts - sheds light on how serfs and freemen, originating from diverse regions of Europe, were able to organise themselves into a class whose status set them apart from non-Latin Christians and Muslims. The study considers at length the different ways in which burgess legislation was formulated; traces the gradual development of the Cour des Bourgeois, the court of burgesses, in terms of its composition and competence; describes in detail the burgess laws of Acre and Nicosia which related, for example, to marriage and inheritance; and defines the special characteristics of a type of property known as a borgesie which was mostly but not exclusively in the hands of burgesses. Dr Nader's research, furthermore, reveals the complexity of burgess jurisdiction and legislation in the East, and advocates the theory that secular courts established by ecclesiastical institutions exercised authority over burgesses and borgesies in matters which went beyond the parameters of purely ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
Burgesses and Burgess Law in the Latin Kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1099–1325)
by Marwan NaderThis is the first book devoted to the study of burgesses in the Latin Kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1099-1325). It offers a comprehensive assessment of the contributions made by the non-feudal class to the development of legal and commercial institutions in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. Dispensing with the commonly held view that burgesses had only marginal influence, evidence is presented to illustrate how the existence of a 'middle class' was essential to the ambitions of the kingdoms' leaders. A systematic examination of all relevant contemporary source material - charters, law-books and narrative accounts - sheds light on how serfs and freemen, originating from diverse regions of Europe, were able to organise themselves into a class whose status set them apart from non-Latin Christians and Muslims. The study considers at length the different ways in which burgess legislation was formulated; traces the gradual development of the Cour des Bourgeois, the court of burgesses, in terms of its composition and competence; describes in detail the burgess laws of Acre and Nicosia which related, for example, to marriage and inheritance; and defines the special characteristics of a type of property known as a borgesie which was mostly but not exclusively in the hands of burgesses. Dr Nader's research, furthermore, reveals the complexity of burgess jurisdiction and legislation in the East, and advocates the theory that secular courts established by ecclesiastical institutions exercised authority over burgesses and borgesies in matters which went beyond the parameters of purely ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
The Burghs and Parliament in Scotland, c. 1550–1651
by Alan R. MacDonaldExisting studies of early modern Scotland tend to focus on the crown, the nobility and the church. Yet, from the sixteenth century, a unique national representative assembly of the towns, the Convention of Burghs, provides an insight into the activities of another key group in society. Meeting at least once a year, the Convention consisted of representatives from every parliamentary burgh, and was responsible for apportioning taxation, settling disputes between members, regulating weights and measures, negotiating with the crown on issues of concern to the merchant community. The Convention's role in relation to parliament was particularly significant, for it regulated urban representation, admitted new burghs to parliament, and co-ordinated and oversaw the conduct of the burgess estate in parliament. In this, the first full-length study of the burghs and parliament in Scotland, the influence of this institution is fully analysed over a one hundred year period. Drawing extensively on local and national sources, this book sheds new light upon the way in which parliament acted as a point of contact, a place where legislative business was done, relationships formed and status affirmed. The interactions between centre and localities, and between urban and rural elites are prominent themes, as is Edinburgh's position as the leading burgh and the host of parliament. The study builds upon existing scholarship to place Scotland within the wider British and European context and argues that the Scottish parliament was a distinctive and effective institution which was responsive to the needs of the burghs both collectively and individually.