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Ethnic Mobilization, Violence, and the Politics of Affect: The Serb Democratic Party and the Bosnian War
by Adis MaksićThis book offers an unprecedented account of the Serb Democratic Party’s origins and its political machinations that culminated in Europe’s bloodiest conflict since World War II. Within the first two years of its existence, the nationalist movement led by the infamous genocide convict Radovan Karadzic, radically transformed Bosnian society. It politically homogenized Serbs of Bosnia-Herzegovina, mobilized them for the Bosnian War, and violently carved out a new geopolitical unit, known today as Republika Srpska. Through innovative and in-depth analysis of the Party’s discourse that makes use of the recent literature on affective cognition, the book argues that the movement’s production of existential fears, nationalist pride, and animosities towards non-Serbs were crucial for creating Serbs as a palpable group primed for violence. By exposing this nationalist agency, the book challenges a commonplace image of ethnic conflicts as clashes of long-standing ethnic nations.
Ethnic Mobilization, Violence, and the Politics of Affect: The Serb Democratic Party and the Bosnian War
by Adis MaksićThis book offers an unprecedented account of the Serb Democratic Party’s origins and its political machinations that culminated in Europe’s bloodiest conflict since World War II. Within the first two years of its existence, the nationalist movement led by the infamous genocide convict Radovan Karadzic, radically transformed Bosnian society. It politically homogenized Serbs of Bosnia-Herzegovina, mobilized them for the Bosnian War, and violently carved out a new geopolitical unit, known today as Republika Srpska. Through innovative and in-depth analysis of the Party’s discourse that makes use of the recent literature on affective cognition, the book argues that the movement’s production of existential fears, nationalist pride, and animosities towards non-Serbs were crucial for creating Serbs as a palpable group primed for violence. By exposing this nationalist agency, the book challenges a commonplace image of ethnic conflicts as clashes of long-standing ethnic nations.
The Ethnic Moment: The Search for Equality in the American Experience
by Philip L. FetzerThis anthology focuses on the experiences of Americans whose lives have been strongly affected by the pursuit of equality in areas such as politcs, law, education and government. Each of the autobiographical essays gives voice to the writer's first personal experience of inequality.
The Ethnic Moment: The Search for Equality in the American Experience
by Philip L. FetzerThis anthology focuses on the experiences of Americans whose lives have been strongly affected by the pursuit of equality in areas such as politcs, law, education and government. Each of the autobiographical essays gives voice to the writer's first personal experience of inequality.
Ethnic Nationalism And Regional Conflict: The Former Soviet Union And Yugoslavia
by W. Raymond DuncanThis book examines ethnic conflicts of the former Soviet Union to indicate how turbulent the world has become in the post-Cold War era-and how difficult it has been to craft western security policies to address the turmoil. The author hopes to stimulate new thinking about international security.
Ethnic Nationalism And Regional Conflict: The Former Soviet Union And Yugoslavia
by W. Raymond Duncan G. Paul HolmanThis book examines ethnic conflicts of the former Soviet Union to indicate how turbulent the world has become in the post-Cold War era-and how difficult it has been to craft western security policies to address the turmoil. The author hopes to stimulate new thinking about international security.
Ethnic Nationalism and State Power: The Rise of Irish Nationalism, Afrikaner Nationalism and Zionism
by M. SuzmanThis controversial book rejects the view that the growth of Irish nationalism, Afrikaner nationalism and Zionism was due primarily to issues of race, religion or language. Instead, drawing on a new analytical framework and close historical analysis, it shows how their ultimate success was the result of political, economic and organisational factors conditioned by sustained conflict with the existing state and other ethnic groups.
Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, the Middle East and Russia, 1914-23
by Aviel RoshwaldEthnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires is a wide-ranging comparative study of the origins of today's ethnic politics in East Central Europe, the former Russian empire and the Middle East. Centred on the First World War Era, Ethnic Nationalism highlights the roles of historical contingency and the ordeal of total war in shaping the states and institutions that supplanted the great multinational empires after 1918. It explores how the fixing of new political boundaries and the complex interplay of nationalist elites and popular forces set in motion bitter ethnic conflicts and political disputes, many of which are still with us today. Topics discussed include: * the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian empire* the ethnic dimension of the Russian Revolution and Soviet state building* Nationality issues in the late Ottoman empire* the origins of Arab nationalism* ethnic politics in zones of military occupation* the construction of Czechoslovak and Yugoslav identities Ethnic Nationalism is an invaluable survey of the origins of twentieth-century ethnic politics. It is essential reading for those interested in the politics of ethnicity and nationalism in modern European and Middle Eastern history.
Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, the Middle East and Russia, 1914-23
by Aviel RoshwaldEthnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires is a wide-ranging comparative study of the origins of today's ethnic politics in East Central Europe, the former Russian empire and the Middle East. Centred on the First World War Era, Ethnic Nationalism highlights the roles of historical contingency and the ordeal of total war in shaping the states and institutions that supplanted the great multinational empires after 1918. It explores how the fixing of new political boundaries and the complex interplay of nationalist elites and popular forces set in motion bitter ethnic conflicts and political disputes, many of which are still with us today. Topics discussed include: * the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian empire* the ethnic dimension of the Russian Revolution and Soviet state building* Nationality issues in the late Ottoman empire* the origins of Arab nationalism* ethnic politics in zones of military occupation* the construction of Czechoslovak and Yugoslav identities Ethnic Nationalism is an invaluable survey of the origins of twentieth-century ethnic politics. It is essential reading for those interested in the politics of ethnicity and nationalism in modern European and Middle Eastern history.
An Ethnic Perspective on Economic Reform: Case of Estonia (Routledge Revivals)
by Erik Andre AndersenFirst published in 1999, this book has its main emphasis on the consequences of privatisation for the Russian population in Estonia, The Book will attempt to answer the following questions by comparing the Estonians and the Russians.The process of restoration of the Republic of Estonia (which began to move fast in the late 1980’s and culminated with the declaration of national independence in 1991) is seen as an important political factor behind the economic reform in Estonia. This reform during the transition period is generally considered to be among the most successful in eastern Europe.
An Ethnic Perspective on Economic Reform: Case of Estonia (Routledge Revivals)
by Erik Andre AndersenFirst published in 1999, this book has its main emphasis on the consequences of privatisation for the Russian population in Estonia, The Book will attempt to answer the following questions by comparing the Estonians and the Russians.The process of restoration of the Republic of Estonia (which began to move fast in the late 1980’s and culminated with the declaration of national independence in 1991) is seen as an important political factor behind the economic reform in Estonia. This reform during the transition period is generally considered to be among the most successful in eastern Europe.
Ethnic Politics in Europe: The Power of Norms and Incentives
by Judith G. KelleyThis detailed account of ethnic minority politics explains when and how European institutions successfully used norms and incentives to shape domestic policy toward ethnic minorities and why those measures sometimes failed. Going beyond traditional analyses, Kelley examines the pivotal engagement by the European Union, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Council for Europe in the creation of such policies. Following language, education, and citizenship issues during the 1990s in Latvia, Estonia, Slovakia, and Romania, she shows how the combination of membership conditionality and norm-based diplomacy was surprisingly effective at overcoming even significant domestic opposition. However, she also finds that diplomacy alone, without the offer of membership, was ineffective unless domestic opposition to the proposed policies was quite limited. As one of the first systematic analyses of political rather than economic conditionality, the book illustrates under what conditions and through what mechanisms institutions influenced domestic policy in the decade, preparing the way for the historic enlargement of the European Union. This thoughtful and thorough discussion, based on case studies, quantitative analysis, and interviews with nearly one hundred policymakers and experts, tells an important story about how European organizations helped facilitate peaceful solutions to ethnic tensions--in sharp contrast to the ethnic bloodshed that occurred in the former Yugoslavia during this time. This book's simultaneous assessment of soft diplomacy and stricter conditionality advances a long overdue dialogue between proponents rational choice models and social constructivists. As political requirements increasingly become part of conditionality, it also provides keen policy insights for the strategic choices made by actors in international institutions.
Ethnic Politics, Regime Support and Conflict in Central and Eastern Europe
by Julian BernauerEthnicity and ethnic parties have often been portrayed as a threat to political stability. This book challenges the notion that the organization of politics in heterogeneous societies should overcome ethnicity. Rather, descriptive representation of ethnic groups has potential to increase regime support and reduce conflict.
The Ethnic Project: Transforming Racial Fiction into Ethnic Factions (Stanford Studies in Comparative Race and Ethnicity #15)
by Vilna Bashi TreitlerRace is a known fiction—there is no genetic marker that indicates someone's race—yet the social stigma of race endures. In the United States, ethnicity is often positioned as a counterweight to race, and we celebrate our various hyphenated-American identities. But Vilna Bashi Treitler argues that we do so at a high cost: ethnic thinking simply perpetuates an underlying racism. In The Ethnic Project, Bashi Treitler considers the ethnic history of the United States from the arrival of the English in North America through to the present day. Tracing the histories of immigrant and indigenous groups—Irish, Chinese, Italians, Jews, Native Americans, Mexicans, Afro-Caribbeans, and African Americans—she shows how each negotiates America's racial hierarchy, aiming to distance themselves from the bottom and align with the groups already at the top. But in pursuing these "ethnic projects" these groups implicitly accept and perpetuate a racial hierarchy, shoring up rather than dismantling race and racism. Ultimately, The Ethnic Project shows how dangerous ethnic thinking can be in a society that has not let go of racial thinking.
Ethnic Religious Minorities in Iran
by S. Behnaz HosseiniThis book explores the experiences of the ethnic and religious minorities of Iran, such as Jews, Yarsani, Christian, Sabean Mandaean, Bahai, Zoroastrian, Baluch, Kurd, and others and provides a historical overview of their position in society before and after the 1979 Islamic revolution and highlights their contribution to the country's history, diversity, and development. It also focuses on the historical, sociopolitical, and economic factors that affected the minorities' development during the last century. Author Behnaz Hosseini has shaped this book with authentic material and has assembled the experiences and opinions of academics of diverse backgrounds who approach the minorities’ issues in Iran in a constructive and ingenious way: from debating their efforts to preserve their identity and cultural heritage and ensure their survival to discussing their relations with the majority and other minorities, the role of religion in everyday life, and their contribution to the rich cultural history of Iran.
Ethnic Warfare in Sri Lanka and the UN Crisis
by William ClaranceThis book explains the complex origins and evolution of Sri Lanka's civil war and the resulting massive civilian displacement. It is an account of frontline conditions during a critical period and an overview of the alternating warfare and ceasefires during the last fifteen years. *BR**BR*William Clarance analyses the scope for protecting civilians in a war zone and its implications for UN policy. He argues that Washington's bullying of the UN ironically proves the points it seeks to demolish: the indispensibility of UN legitimacy and the professionalism of its field agencies. *BR**BR*He urges the need to adopt a more actively engaged role to protect civilians in intrastate conflict, the better to address global problems such as the outflow of refugees and asylum seekers it triggers and the seeds of international terrorism it sows.
The Ethnically Diverse Workplace: Experience of Immigrant Indian Professionals in Australia
by Sunaina GowanThe Australian workplace continues to become more ethnically diverse as multiculturalism becomes a lived reality on a substantial scale. This change makes it vital to understand exclusionary or discriminatory practices and a detailed investigation of the potential relationship between work stress, acculturation, and its impact on emotional labour for minority group members has not been well researched. The Ethnically Diverse Workplace: Experience of Immigrant Indian Professionals in Australia documents the perceptions and experiences of exclusion after inclusion by Indian immigrants, particularly professionals. Many of the reports of discriminatory practices towards Indian immigrants or their stigmatisation based on accent, skin tone or national origin are anecdotal in nature and this book will seek to explain such practices and their impacts on the Indian immigrant community. The Ethnically Diverse Workplace works to encourage and promote greater awareness and understanding so that immigrant Indian professionals maybe better understood and served in Australia.
The Ethnically Diverse Workplace: Experience of Immigrant Indian Professionals in Australia
by Sunaina GowanThe Australian workplace continues to become more ethnically diverse as multiculturalism becomes a lived reality on a substantial scale. This change makes it vital to understand exclusionary or discriminatory practices and a detailed investigation of the potential relationship between work stress, acculturation, and its impact on emotional labour for minority group members has not been well researched. The Ethnically Diverse Workplace: Experience of Immigrant Indian Professionals in Australia documents the perceptions and experiences of exclusion after inclusion by Indian immigrants, particularly professionals. Many of the reports of discriminatory practices towards Indian immigrants or their stigmatisation based on accent, skin tone or national origin are anecdotal in nature and this book will seek to explain such practices and their impacts on the Indian immigrant community. The Ethnically Diverse Workplace works to encourage and promote greater awareness and understanding so that immigrant Indian professionals maybe better understood and served in Australia.
Ethnicities and Tribes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opening Old Wounds
by S. N. SangmpamThis book proposes new avenues for understanding tribal allegiance in Sub-Saharan Africa. Much research on ethnicity and cultural pluralism in Sub-Saharan Africa falsely equates the term "tribe" with "ethnicity" and obscures the differences between Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions. It also puts too much emphasis on the role of the colonial state in fostering tribal allegiance. This book challenges these claims and offers an alternate way of understanding tribal allegiance in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ethnicities and Tribes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opening Old Wounds
by S. N. SangmpamThis book proposes new avenues for understanding tribal allegiance in Sub-Saharan Africa. Much research on ethnicity and cultural pluralism in Sub-Saharan Africa falsely equates the term "tribe" with "ethnicity" and obscures the differences between Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions. It also puts too much emphasis on the role of the colonial state in fostering tribal allegiance. This book challenges these claims and offers an alternate way of understanding tribal allegiance in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ethnicity and Beyond: Theories and Dilemmas of Jewish Group Demarcation (Studies in Contemporary Jewry #25)
by Eli LederhendlerVolume XXV of the distinguished annual Studies in Contemporary Jewry explores new understandings and approaches to Jewish "ethnicity." In current parlance regarding multicultural diversity, Jews are often considered to belong socially to the "majority," whereas "otherness" is reserved for "minorities." But these group labels and their meanings have changed over time. This volume analyzes how "ethnic," "ethnicity," and "identity" have been applied to Jews, past and present, individually and collectively. Most of the symposium papers on the ethnicity of Jewish people and the social groups they form draw heavily on the case of American Jews, while others offer wider geographical perspectives. Contributors address ex-Soviet Jews in Philadelphia, comparing them to a similar population in Tel Aviv; Communism and ethnicity; intermarriage and group blending; American Jewish dialogue; and German Jewish migration in the interwar decades. Leading academics, employing a variety of social scientific methods and historical paradigms, propose to enhance the clarity of definitions used to relate "ethnic identity" to the Jews. They point to ethnic experience in a variety of different social manifestations: language use in social context, marital behavior across generations, spatial and occupational differentiation in relation to other members of society, and new immigrant communities as sub-ethnic units within larger Jewish populations. They also ponder the relevance of individual experience and preference as compared to the weight of larger socializing factors. Taken as a whole, this work offers revisionist views on the utility of terms like "Jewish ethnicity" that were given wider scope by scholars in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s.
Ethnicity and Beyond: Theories and Dilemmas of Jewish Group Demarcation (Studies in Contemporary Jewry #25)
by Eli LederhendlerVolume XXV of the distinguished annual Studies in Contemporary Jewry explores new understandings and approaches to Jewish "ethnicity." In current parlance regarding multicultural diversity, Jews are often considered to belong socially to the "majority," whereas "otherness" is reserved for "minorities." But these group labels and their meanings have changed over time. This volume analyzes how "ethnic," "ethnicity," and "identity" have been applied to Jews, past and present, individually and collectively. Most of the symposium papers on the ethnicity of Jewish people and the social groups they form draw heavily on the case of American Jews, while others offer wider geographical perspectives. Contributors address ex-Soviet Jews in Philadelphia, comparing them to a similar population in Tel Aviv; Communism and ethnicity; intermarriage and group blending; American Jewish dialogue; and German Jewish migration in the interwar decades. Leading academics, employing a variety of social scientific methods and historical paradigms, propose to enhance the clarity of definitions used to relate "ethnic identity" to the Jews. They point to ethnic experience in a variety of different social manifestations: language use in social context, marital behavior across generations, spatial and occupational differentiation in relation to other members of society, and new immigrant communities as sub-ethnic units within larger Jewish populations. They also ponder the relevance of individual experience and preference as compared to the weight of larger socializing factors. Taken as a whole, this work offers revisionist views on the utility of terms like "Jewish ethnicity" that were given wider scope by scholars in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s.
Ethnicity and Conflict in a Post-Communist World: The Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China
by Peter King Kumar Rupesinghe Olga VorkunovaThe post-Communist world has seen a dramatic revival of ethnicity and nationalism. The volume explores the contemporary sources, scope and intensity of nationality conflicts in the context of a disintegrating Soviet Empire. The authors address themselves to the resurgence of ethnicity and nationalism within the former Soviet imperium, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria and China and examine the consequences of perestroika and glasnost. Central issues involve identity formation, the nature and implications of ethnic and internal conflicts and possible paths toward resolution.
Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Communist World
by B. FowkesEthnic and national conflicts have been an unexpected and major source of problems in many parts of the world in recent times. Nowhere more so than in the formerly communist countries. This book provides a readable introduction to, and brief analytical coverage of, all the ethnic disputes of the 1990s. Full justice is done both to complex present-day situations and the deeper roots of ethnic conflict. This is followed by a review and evaluation of the main available explanations. The book is required reading for anyone who wants to understand why the fall of communism did not introduce an era of goodwill between the nations.
Ethnicity and Identity in Herodotus
by Thomas Figueira Carmen SoaresHerodotus is the epochal authority who inaugurated the European and Western consciousness of collective identity, whether in an awareness of other societies and of the nature of cultural variation itself or in the fashioning of Greek self-awareness – and necessarily that of later civilizations influenced by the ancient Greeks – which was perpetually in dialogue and tension with other ways of living in groups.In this book, 14 contributors explore ethnicity – the very self-understanding of belonging to a separate body of human beings – and how it evolves and consolidates (or ethnogenesis). This inquiry is focussed through the lens of Herodotus as our earliest master of ethnography, in this instance not only as the stylized portrayal of other societies, but also as an exegesis on how ethnocultural differentiation may affect the lives, and even the very existence, of one’s own people.Ethnicity and Identity in Herodotus is one facet of a project that intends to bring Portuguese and English-speaking scholars of antiquity into closer cooperation. It has united a cross-section of North American classicists with a distinguished cohort of Portuguese and Brazilian experts on Greek literature and history writing in English.