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European Entry into the Pacific: Spain and the Acapulco-Manila Galleons (The Pacific World: Lands, Peoples and History of the Pacific, 1500-1900)
by Dennis O. Flynn Arturo GiráldezWorld history conventionally ignores or underestimates the importance of Manila, the Manila galleons, and the Philippines as key stages in the development of trans-Pacific contact and of the world economy. Essays in this volume discuss Philippine-Asian exchanges prior to the entry of Europeans, and then look at European influences and the impact of Magellan’s voyage, and the emergence of Manila as one of global trade’s crucial linchpins during four centuries. Linkages between Latin America and China, and Spanish-Japanese competition for the Chinese marketplace are important topics. Tensions and cooperation among Chinese, Japanese, Iberians, Africans, Christians, Muslims and others on Philippine soil are also covered. This volume suggests the need for thorough re-evaluation of the Philippines’ central role in terms of both Pacific history and global history as perhaps the single most important stage in the traffic that linked China and Latin America.
European Entry into the Pacific: Spain and the Acapulco-Manila Galleons (The Pacific World: Lands, Peoples and History of the Pacific, 1500-1900)
by Dennis O. Flynn Arturo GiráldezWorld history conventionally ignores or underestimates the importance of Manila, the Manila galleons, and the Philippines as key stages in the development of trans-Pacific contact and of the world economy. Essays in this volume discuss Philippine-Asian exchanges prior to the entry of Europeans, and then look at European influences and the impact of Magellan’s voyage, and the emergence of Manila as one of global trade’s crucial linchpins during four centuries. Linkages between Latin America and China, and Spanish-Japanese competition for the Chinese marketplace are important topics. Tensions and cooperation among Chinese, Japanese, Iberians, Africans, Christians, Muslims and others on Philippine soil are also covered. This volume suggests the need for thorough re-evaluation of the Philippines’ central role in terms of both Pacific history and global history as perhaps the single most important stage in the traffic that linked China and Latin America.
European Expansion and Representations of Indigenous and African Peoples: A Distorted Vision
by Ignacio Gallup-DíazThis book presents a bold, multifaceted interpretation of early English imperial actions by examining the ways in which English empire-builders and travelers interacted with Indigenous and African peoples during the long process of colonization in the Americas. Ignacio Gallup-Díaz argues that early English imperial actors were primarily motivated by practical concerns rather than abstract ideologies—from reacting to, learning from, and avoiding the ongoing Spanish and Portuguese imperial projects to the dynamic collision of English imaginings of empire with the practical realities of governing non-European peoples. The text includes an appendix of primary sources that allows students and instructors to engage with English imperial thinking directly. Readers are encouraged to critically examine English accounts of this period in an attempt to see the Indigenous and African peoples who are embedded in them. European Expansion and Representations of Indigenous and African Peoples provides an invaluable new framework for undergraduate students and instructors of early American history, Atlantic history, and the history of race and imperialism more broadly.
European Expansion and Representations of Indigenous and African Peoples: A Distorted Vision
by Ignacio Gallup-DíazThis book presents a bold, multifaceted interpretation of early English imperial actions by examining the ways in which English empire-builders and travelers interacted with Indigenous and African peoples during the long process of colonization in the Americas. Ignacio Gallup-Díaz argues that early English imperial actors were primarily motivated by practical concerns rather than abstract ideologies—from reacting to, learning from, and avoiding the ongoing Spanish and Portuguese imperial projects to the dynamic collision of English imaginings of empire with the practical realities of governing non-European peoples. The text includes an appendix of primary sources that allows students and instructors to engage with English imperial thinking directly. Readers are encouraged to critically examine English accounts of this period in an attempt to see the Indigenous and African peoples who are embedded in them. European Expansion and Representations of Indigenous and African Peoples provides an invaluable new framework for undergraduate students and instructors of early American history, Atlantic history, and the history of race and imperialism more broadly.
The European Experience: A Multi-Perspective History of Modern Europe, 1500–2000
by Jan Hansen;Jochen Hung;Jaroslav Ira;Judit Klement;Sylvain Lesage;Juan Luis Simal;Andrew TompkinsThe European Experience brings together the expertise of nearly a hundred historians from eight European universities to internationalise and diversify the study of modern European history, exploring a grand sweep of time from 1500 to 2000. Offering a valuable corrective to the Anglocentric narratives of previous English-language textbooks, scholars from all over Europe have pooled their knowledge on comparative themes such as identities, cultural encounters, power and citizenship, and economic development to reflect the complexity and heterogeneous nature of the European experience. Rather than another grand narrative, the international author teams offer a multifaceted and rich perspective on the history of the continent of the past 500 years. Each major theme is dissected through three chronological sub-chapters, revealing how major social, political and historical trends manifested themselves in different European settings during the early modern (1500–1800), modern (1800–1900) and contemporary period (1900–2000). This resource is of utmost relevance to today’s history students in the light of ongoing internationalisation strategies for higher education curricula, as it delivers one of the first multi-perspective and truly ‘European’ analyses of the continent’s past. Beyond the provision of historical content, this textbook equips students with the intellectual tools to interrogate prevailing accounts of European history, and enables them to seek out additional perspectives in a bid to further enrich the discipline.
European Fascist Movements: A Sourcebook
by Roland Clark Tim GradyThis volume offers a fresh and original collection of primary sources on interwar European fascist movements. These sources reflect new approaches to fascism that emphasise the practical, transnational experience of fascism as a social movement, contextualising ideological statements within the historical moments they were produced. Divided into 18 geographically based chapters, contributors draw together the history of various fascist and right-wing movements, selecting sources that reflect themes such as transnational ties, aesthetics, violence, female activism, and the instrumentalisation of race, gender, and religion. Each chapter provides a chronological, narrative account of movements interspersed with complete primary sources, from political speeches, internal movement circulars and articles, police reports, oral history, songs and music, photographs, artworks, poetry, and anti-fascist sources. The volume as a whole seeks to introduce readers to the diversity of fascist groups across the continent, to show how fascist groups were constituted through social bonds, rather than around fixed ideologies, and to capture the inexperience and ad hoc character of early fascist groups. With an Introduction that explains the volume’s theoretical approach and elaborates on the chronology of European fascism, this is the perfect sourcebook for any student of Modern European history and politics.
European Fascist Movements: A Sourcebook
This volume offers a fresh and original collection of primary sources on interwar European fascist movements. These sources reflect new approaches to fascism that emphasise the practical, transnational experience of fascism as a social movement, contextualising ideological statements within the historical moments they were produced. Divided into 18 geographically based chapters, contributors draw together the history of various fascist and right-wing movements, selecting sources that reflect themes such as transnational ties, aesthetics, violence, female activism, and the instrumentalisation of race, gender, and religion. Each chapter provides a chronological, narrative account of movements interspersed with complete primary sources, from political speeches, internal movement circulars and articles, police reports, oral history, songs and music, photographs, artworks, poetry, and anti-fascist sources. The volume as a whole seeks to introduce readers to the diversity of fascist groups across the continent, to show how fascist groups were constituted through social bonds, rather than around fixed ideologies, and to capture the inexperience and ad hoc character of early fascist groups. With an Introduction that explains the volume’s theoretical approach and elaborates on the chronology of European fascism, this is the perfect sourcebook for any student of Modern European history and politics.
European fashion: The creation of a global industry (Studies In Design And Material Culture Ser.)
by Regina Lee BlaszczykThe period since 1945 has been a transformative era for the fashion industry. Over the course of seventy years, the fashion world has moved from celebrating the craftsmanship of haute couture to revelling in ever-changing fast-fashion. This volume examines the transition from the old system to the new in a series of case studies grouped around three major themes. Part I focuses on Paris as a creative hub, aiming to understand how the birthplace of haute couture adapted to late-twentieth-century developments. Part II considers the retailer’s role in shaping taste, responding to consumer expectations and disseminating fashion merchandise. Part III looks to alternative visions of the European fashion system that have appeared in unexpected places. The volume is highly interdisciplinary, covering design history, cultural anthropology, ethnography, management studies and the cultural history of business.
European fashion: The creation of a global industry (Studies in Design and Material Culture)
by Christopher BrewardThe period since 1945 has been a transformative era for the fashion industry. Over the course of seventy years, the fashion world has moved from celebrating the craftsmanship of haute couture to revelling in ever-changing fast-fashion. This volume examines the transition from the old system to the new in a series of case studies grouped around three major themes. Part I focuses on Paris as a creative hub, aiming to understand how the birthplace of haute couture adapted to late-twentieth-century developments. Part II considers the retailer’s role in shaping taste, responding to consumer expectations and disseminating fashion merchandise. Part III looks to alternative visions of the European fashion system that have appeared in unexpected places. The volume is highly interdisciplinary, covering design history, cultural anthropology, ethnography, management studies and the cultural history of business.
European Film Industries (International Screen Industries)
by Anne JäckelIn what kind of state is the European film business? This study is the first in a series that provides an accessible understanding of how the world's contemporary screen industries function. It looks at all the factors in play, from government regulation to the marketing strategies behind an international success like 'Run Lola Run'/'Lola Rennt'. Anne Jackel evaluates how Europe's film industries operate, their working practices and the region's place within the global business of cinema. Exploring trends in production, distribution and exhibition, the book considers a range of national and pan-regional developments. Key areas of critical debate are highlighted, including private and public financing, co-production, film policy, links between the film and television industries, and the threats to 'art cinema' from within and without Europe.
European Film Industries (International Screen Industries)
by Anne JäckelIn what kind of state is the European film business? This study is the first in a series that provides an accessible understanding of how the world's contemporary screen industries function. It looks at all the factors in play, from government regulation to the marketing strategies behind an international success like 'Run Lola Run'/'Lola Rennt'. Anne Jackel evaluates how Europe's film industries operate, their working practices and the region's place within the global business of cinema. Exploring trends in production, distribution and exhibition, the book considers a range of national and pan-regional developments. Key areas of critical debate are highlighted, including private and public financing, co-production, film policy, links between the film and television industries, and the threats to 'art cinema' from within and without Europe.
European Film Music (PDF)
by Miguel Mera David BurnandThe vast majority of writing on film music is concentrated on Hollywood in particular and on a canon of North American scores and films more generally. Recent scholarship acknowledges other traditions of film scoring but little has been written about European film music specifically. Miguel Mera and David Burnand present a volume that redresses the balance by exploring specific European filmic texts, composers and approaches to film scoring that have hitherto been neglected. Films involving British, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Polish and Spanish composers are considered in detail. Starting from a study of the influence of propaganda on musical aesthetics in Nazi Germany the book includes an analysis of Italian neo-realist cinema, a consideration of the Ealing Comedies, experimental music in contemporary Spanish scoring, the invocation of traditional music, the portrayal of classical music performers, the use of space, silence and manipulation of time, and the depiction of the processes of scoring in independent film-making. Important issues that permeate all the essays involve the working relationship of composer and director, the dialectic between the diegetic and non-diegetic uses of music in films, the music-image synergism and the levels of realism that are created by the audio-visual mix. The book will appeal to those working in film studies, popular music studies, musicology, media studies and cultural theory.
European Film Theory (AFI Film Readers)
by Temenuga TrifonovaEuropean Film Theory explores the ‘Europeanness’ of European film theory, its philosophical origins, the ‘culture wars’ between ‘Continental’ and ‘Analytical’ film theory and philosophy, the major discursive and epistemological shifts in the history of Continental film theory, the relationship between Continental philosophy of art and philosophy of history and European film theory. Writing from a range of disciplines and perspectives, the contributors to this new volume in the AFI FILM READERS series offer fresh interpretations of European film theorists and illuminate the political potential of European film theory.
European Film Theory (AFI Film Readers)
by Temenuga TrifonovaEuropean Film Theory explores the ‘Europeanness’ of European film theory, its philosophical origins, the ‘culture wars’ between ‘Continental’ and ‘Analytical’ film theory and philosophy, the major discursive and epistemological shifts in the history of Continental film theory, the relationship between Continental philosophy of art and philosophy of history and European film theory. Writing from a range of disciplines and perspectives, the contributors to this new volume in the AFI FILM READERS series offer fresh interpretations of European film theorists and illuminate the political potential of European film theory.
European Football and Collective Memory (Football Research in an Enlarged Europe)
by Wolfram PytaIs it possible for football matches or players to help forge a collective European identity? Pyta and Haverman seek to answer this question through a detailed analysis of how football is remembered across the continent. European Football and Collective Memory is the first book to deal with collective memory of football on a continental scale.
European Foreign Conflict Reporting: A Comparative Analysis of Public News Providers (Media, War and Security)
by Emma HeywoodThis book explores the state of European foreign conflict reporting by public-sector broadcasters, post-Cold war and post-9/11. It compares the values of three television news providers from differing public systems: BBC’s News at 10, Russia’s Vremya and France 2’s 20 Heures. The book examines how these three news providers have reported and broadcast the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which pre-dates both the change in East-West relations and the events of 9/11. In doing so, the work identifies and analyses the role of public and state-aligned broadcasters and illustrates how certain news values are consistently prioritised by the broadcasters and the effect this has on how news stories are portrayed. The book is divided into two parts. Part I focuses on 2006 to 2008 and provides a detailed quantitative overview of the broadcasters’ news values. Part II provides an update of the analysis by examining coverage of the war in Gaza 2014 and discusses the findings from audience research into perceptions of this latter war. This book explains that not only do hierarchies in news values exist in foreign conflict reporting but that they are never arbitrary and can be explained, in part, by the structure of the broadcasters and by events occurring within, or associated with, the reporting country, resulting in nationally differentiated perceptions of conflict throughout the world. This book will be of much interest to students of media studies, war and conflict studies, Middle East politics and international relations in general.
European Foreign Conflict Reporting: A Comparative Analysis of Public News Providers (Media, War and Security)
by Emma HeywoodThis book explores the state of European foreign conflict reporting by public-sector broadcasters, post-Cold war and post-9/11. It compares the values of three television news providers from differing public systems: BBC’s News at 10, Russia’s Vremya and France 2’s 20 Heures. The book examines how these three news providers have reported and broadcast the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which pre-dates both the change in East-West relations and the events of 9/11. In doing so, the work identifies and analyses the role of public and state-aligned broadcasters and illustrates how certain news values are consistently prioritised by the broadcasters and the effect this has on how news stories are portrayed. The book is divided into two parts. Part I focuses on 2006 to 2008 and provides a detailed quantitative overview of the broadcasters’ news values. Part II provides an update of the analysis by examining coverage of the war in Gaza 2014 and discusses the findings from audience research into perceptions of this latter war. This book explains that not only do hierarchies in news values exist in foreign conflict reporting but that they are never arbitrary and can be explained, in part, by the structure of the broadcasters and by events occurring within, or associated with, the reporting country, resulting in nationally differentiated perceptions of conflict throughout the world. This book will be of much interest to students of media studies, war and conflict studies, Middle East politics and international relations in general.
European Foreign Policy: Key Documents
by Christopher Hill Karen E. SmithThis book is the very first to collect together the key official documents tracing the development of European foreign policy from the end of the Second World War to the present day. It contains: *all important documents on European foreign policy from 1948 to the Kosovo crisis *material from major treaties such as The North Atlantic treaty, the treaty of Rome and the treaty of Amsterdam *European responses to major world events such as the Middle East peace process, the Falklands war and the Balkans crisis *detailed commentary and analysis of the documents providing a valuable political and historical context *many documents which are extremely difficult to obtain elsewhere. The unparalleled coverage makes this book an essential primary source for all those interested in European politics and International Relations.
European Foreign Policy: Key Documents
by Christopher Hill Karen E. SmithThis book is the very first to collect together the key official documents tracing the development of European foreign policy from the end of the Second World War to the present day. It contains: *all important documents on European foreign policy from 1948 to the Kosovo crisis *material from major treaties such as The North Atlantic treaty, the treaty of Rome and the treaty of Amsterdam *European responses to major world events such as the Middle East peace process, the Falklands war and the Balkans crisis *detailed commentary and analysis of the documents providing a valuable political and historical context *many documents which are extremely difficult to obtain elsewhere. The unparalleled coverage makes this book an essential primary source for all those interested in European politics and International Relations.
European Foreign Policy During the Cold War: Heath, Brandt, Pompidou and the Dream of Political Unity
by Daniel MöckliEurope's first attempts at a united foreignpolicy after 1969 were remarkably successfulbut by 1974 this brief moment of concord hadvanished. Why were the EC countries able tospeak with one voice in the early 1970s, whatcaused European Political Cooperation toplunge into crisis, and what consequences -still felt today - did this have for Europe's rolein the world and its relations with the US? Thisgroundbreaking book is the first to analyse thisperiod using previously unavailable archivalmaterial and first-hand interviews.European Foreign Policy during the Cold Warilluminates the challenge of establishing Europeas an effective political power with brilliantclarity. Daniel Möckli argues that Britain'sunusually pro-European policies under EdwardHeath were the key driving force behindEurope's rise, paving the way for trilateralleadership with West German Chancellor WillyBrandt and French President GeorgesPompidou. In the years following the momentousHague Summit of 1969, which opened thedoor to British membership of the EuropeanCommunity, the EC countries were a dynamicinternational force. They petitioned the SovietUnion about human rights, negotiated with theUS about a reorganisation of the West andbecame involved in the search for peace inthe Middle East.However, Europe's quest for a distinct politicalidentity provoked a sharp US reaction, mostsignificantly from Henry Kissinger. Confrontedwith strong US opposition against anautonomous European foreign policy, the ECcountries ended up openly divided over howto respond to the 1973 oil crisis and problemsin the Middle East while Britain increasinglywithdrew from EC politics under Harold Wilson.European diplomacy declined into crisis in1974 and remained of relatively low impactfor the remainder of the Cold War.European Foreign Policy during the Cold Warfills an important gap in the history of Europe,covering an issue that is highly topical andcontroversial today.
European Foundations of the Welfare State
by Franz-Xaver KaufmannWhile social welfare programs, often inspired by international organizations, are spreading throughout the world, the more far-reaching notion of governmental responsibility for the basic well-being of all members of a political society is not, although it remains a feature of Europe and the former British Commonwealth. The welfare state in the European sense is not simply an administrative arrangement of various measures of social protection but a political project embedded in distinct cultural traditions. Offering the first accessible account in English of the historical development of the European idea of the welfare state, this book reviews the intellectual foundations which underpinned the road towards the European welfare state, formulates some basic concepts for its understanding, and highlights the differences in the underlying structural and philosophical conditions between continental Europe and the English-speaking world.
European Governance After Nice
by Hiroyi Akiba Koji FukudaWhat is the impact of institutional reform implemented by the Nice Treaty on European Governance? What should be done to enhance democratic legitimacy in the EU? This book provides an up-to-date guide to understanding the European Union as an institution. Globalisation has led to enormous changes in the international environment which, in turn, have demanded institutional reform of the European Union in the form of the Nice Treaty. European Governance After Nice scrutinises how, and to what extent, the treaty will contribute to the solution of existing problems, examining both its positive effects and its limitations and examines the reforms within the EU through political science, law and economics, in order to express the full extent of the different effects of the Nice Treaty on non-member as well as member countries. The contributors suggest that the threat of varying exchange rates in the future, when the Treaty has an expansionary effect on economic scale, will lead to a deepening interdependence between the excluded countries.
European Governance After Nice
by Koji Fukuda and Hiroya AkibaWhat is the impact of institutional reform implemented by the Nice Treaty on European Governance? What should be done to enhance democratic legitimacy in the EU? This book provides an up-to-date guide to understanding the European Union as an institution. Globalisation has led to enormous changes in the international environment which, in turn, have demanded institutional reform of the European Union in the form of the Nice Treaty. European Governance After Nice scrutinises how, and to what extent, the treaty will contribute to the solution of existing problems, examining both its positive effects and its limitations and examines the reforms within the EU through political science, law and economics, in order to express the full extent of the different effects of the Nice Treaty on non-member as well as member countries. The contributors suggest that the threat of varying exchange rates in the future, when the Treaty has an expansionary effect on economic scale, will lead to a deepening interdependence between the excluded countries.
The European Guilds: An Economic Analysis (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World #78)
by Sheilagh OgilvieA comprehensive analysis of European craft guilds through eight centuries of economic historyGuilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question.Sheilagh Ogilvie’s book features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the “vile encroachers”—women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others—desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. She investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good but because they benefited two powerful groups—guild members and political elites.Exploring guilds’ inner workings across eight centuries, The European Guilds shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks shape the wider economy—for good or ill.
The European Guilds: An Economic Analysis (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World #78)
by Sheilagh OgilvieA comprehensive analysis of European craft guilds through eight centuries of economic historyGuilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question.Sheilagh Ogilvie’s book features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the “vile encroachers”—women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others—desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. She investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good but because they benefited two powerful groups—guild members and political elites.Exploring guilds’ inner workings across eight centuries, The European Guilds shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks shape the wider economy—for good or ill.