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Intellectuals in the Society of Spectacle

This book reveals the sense in which our postmodern societies are characterized by the obscene absence of the intellectual. The modern intellectual--who had once been associated with humanism and enlightenment—has in our day been replaced by media stars, talking heads, and technical experts. At issue is the ongoing crisis of democracy, under the aegis of the société du spectacle and its vast networks of politically-induced idiocy, industrially-produced biocide, and militarily-provoked genocide. Spectacle fills the resulting moral and intellectual vacuum with electronic technologies of control, punishment, and destruction. This postmodern tyranny reduces intelligence to mechanistic, positivist, and grammatological models of inquiry, while increasing the segmentation, fragmentation, and dissolution of human existence. The apotheosis of the spectacle explains the intellectual void that lies at the heart of our postmodern decadence; it also accounts for the need to recuperate the humanist values of enlightenment promoted by the modern intellectual tradition.

Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century France: Mandarins and Samurais (St Antony's Series)

This book examines the role and place of the intellectual in twentieth-century French society. The essays are for the most part written by eminent French scholars and make available to the English-speaking reader a growing body of research which explores the ethical and historical issues raised by the prominence of the intellectual in politics since the Dreyfus Affair. The volume concludes with an examination of the contrasting and complementary roles of the French and British intellectual.

Intelligence Arabic (Essential Middle Eastern Vocabularies)

What is the Arabic term for ‘double agent’? How would you say ‘plausible deniability’? Can you recognise the phrase 'false-flag recruitment'? Or ‘canary trap’? This short, accessible vocabulary gives you ready-made lists of over 1,000 key terms in intelligence Arabic for translating both from and into Arabic and includes brief definitions.

Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945

From memoirs and academic texts to conspiracy-laden exposes and spy novels, the intelligence services’ secrecy has never stopped people from writing about espionage. Now, this is the first introduction to these official and unofficial histories. Each chapter showcases new archival material, looking at a particular book or series of books and considering issues of production, censorship, representation and reception. Contributors include: Richard Aldrich, intelligence historian; Nicholas Dujmovic, CIA Staff Historian; Matthew Jones, novelist; Jo Wippl, Former CIA operations officer; Keith Jeffery, author of the first official history of MI6 and Chapman Pincher, journalist.

The Intelligent Mind: On the Genesis and Constitution of Discursive Thought

The Intelligent Mind conceives the psychological reality of thought and language, explaining how intelligence develops from intuition to representation and then to linguistic interaction and thinking. Overcoming the prevailing dogmas regarding how discursive reason emerges, this book secures the psychological possibility of the philosophy of mind.

Intelligent Natural Language Processing: Trends and Applications (Studies in Computational Intelligence #740)

This book brings together scientists, researchers, practitioners, and students from academia and industry to present recent and ongoing research activities concerning the latest advances, techniques, and applications of natural language processing systems, and to promote the exchange of new ideas and lessons learned. Taken together, the chapters of this book provide a collection of high-quality research works that address broad challenges in both theoretical and applied aspects of intelligent natural language processing. The book presents the state-of-the-art in research on natural language processing, computational linguistics, applied Arabic linguistics and related areas. New trends in natural language processing systems are rapidly emerging – and finding application in various domains including education, travel and tourism, and healthcare, among others. Many issues encountered during the development of these applications can be resolved by incorporating language technology solutions. The topics covered by the book include: Character and Speech Recognition; Morphological, Syntactic, and Semantic Processing; Information Extraction; Information Retrieval and Question Answering; Text Classification and Text Mining; Text Summarization; Sentiment Analysis; Machine Translation Building and Evaluating Linguistic Resources; and Intelligent Language Tutoring Systems.

Intelligent Text Categorization and Clustering (Studies in Computational Intelligence #164)

Automatic Text Categorization and Clustering are becoming more and more important as the amount of text in electronic format grows and the access to it becomes more necessary and widespread. Well known applications are spam filtering and web search, but a large number of everyday uses exist (intelligent web search, data mining, law enforcement, etc.) Currently, researchers are employing many intelligent techniques for text categorization and clustering, ranging from support vector machines and neural networks to Bayesian inference and algebraic methods, such as Latent Semantic Indexing. This volume offers a wide spectrum of research work developed for intelligent text categorization and clustering. In the following, we give a brief introduction of the chapters that are included in this book.

Intelligibility in World Englishes: Theory and Application (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)

Intelligibility is the term most generally used to address the complex of criteria that describe, broadly, how useful someone’s English is when talking or writing to someone else. Set within the paradigm of world Englishes – which posits that the Englishes of the world may be seen as flexibly categorized into three Circles (Inner, Outer, Expanding) in terms of their historical developments – this text provides a comprehensive overview of the definitions and scopes of intelligibility, comprehensibility and interpretability, and addresses key topics within this paradigm: Who – if anyone – provides the models and norms for a given population of English users? Hybridity and creativity in world Englishes Evaluating paradigms: misinformation and disinformation Practicalities of dealing with the widening variety of Englishes Is English "falling apart"? The much-debated issue of intelligibility touches not only sociolinguistic theory but all aspects of English language teaching, second language acquisition, language curriculum planning, and regional or national language planning. Designed for students, teacher educators, and scholars internationally, each chapter includes ‘Topics for Discussion and Assignments’ and ‘Suggestions for Further Reading’.

Intelligibility in World Englishes: Theory and Application (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)

Intelligibility is the term most generally used to address the complex of criteria that describe, broadly, how useful someone’s English is when talking or writing to someone else. Set within the paradigm of world Englishes – which posits that the Englishes of the world may be seen as flexibly categorized into three Circles (Inner, Outer, Expanding) in terms of their historical developments – this text provides a comprehensive overview of the definitions and scopes of intelligibility, comprehensibility and interpretability, and addresses key topics within this paradigm: Who – if anyone – provides the models and norms for a given population of English users? Hybridity and creativity in world Englishes Evaluating paradigms: misinformation and disinformation Practicalities of dealing with the widening variety of Englishes Is English "falling apart"? The much-debated issue of intelligibility touches not only sociolinguistic theory but all aspects of English language teaching, second language acquisition, language curriculum planning, and regional or national language planning. Designed for students, teacher educators, and scholars internationally, each chapter includes ‘Topics for Discussion and Assignments’ and ‘Suggestions for Further Reading’.

Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)

This book addresses intensification and modal necessity in Mandarin Chinese. Intensification is used in this book to describe the speaker’s emphasis on a proposition, because, by emphasizing on a proposition, the speaker intensifies the degree of his/her confidence and affirmativeness toward the truth of a proposition, cf. the distinction between ‘weaker’ and ‘stronger’. Modal necessity discussed in this book refers either to the speaker’s certainty regarding the truth of an inference, judgment or stipulation, that is, epistemic necessity or to the speaker’s certainty concerning the obligatoriness of a proposition, based on rules or regulations, i.e., deontic necessity. This book examines a series of lexical items in Mandarin Chinese that express either intensification or modal necessity, provides a unified semantics and also presents how these lexical items are semantically distinct. Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese is aimed at instructors, researchers and post-graduate students of Chinese Linguistics.

Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese (Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)

This book addresses intensification and modal necessity in Mandarin Chinese. Intensification is used in this book to describe the speaker’s emphasis on a proposition, because, by emphasizing on a proposition, the speaker intensifies the degree of his/her confidence and affirmativeness toward the truth of a proposition, cf. the distinction between ‘weaker’ and ‘stronger’. Modal necessity discussed in this book refers either to the speaker’s certainty regarding the truth of an inference, judgment or stipulation, that is, epistemic necessity or to the speaker’s certainty concerning the obligatoriness of a proposition, based on rules or regulations, i.e., deontic necessity. This book examines a series of lexical items in Mandarin Chinese that express either intensification or modal necessity, provides a unified semantics and also presents how these lexical items are semantically distinct. Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese is aimed at instructors, researchers and post-graduate students of Chinese Linguistics.

Intensifiers in Late Modern English: A Sociopragmatic Approach to Courtroom Discourse (Studies in English Language)

The development of intensifiers has long been identified as an area of vibrant change in Late Modern English. This groundbreaking book provides the first comprehensive study of intensifiers in this period, and shows how they have changed over time. It uses speech-based and interactive data from the Old Bailey courthouse in London, enriched by extralinguistic information in the Old Bailey Corpus, to investigate an unprecedented range of intensifiers, including downtoners, boosters, and maximizers. The courtroom acts as a social microcosm of the period, providing unique insights on gender, class, and courtroom roles, and their effects on language use. The usage of intensifiers is illuminated from a lexico-grammatical angle, focusing on their formal and semantic features, as well as those of the items they modify. These perspectives are linked to temporal developments from 1720 to 1913, to offer a complete picture of variation and change in the intensifier area.

Intensive Basic Latin: A Grammar and Workbook

Intensive Basic Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises a dynamic reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. The book presents forty individual grammar points, covering the core material which students would expect to encounter in their first year of learning Latin. Grammar points are followed by contextualised examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. There is a particular emphasis throughout on familiarising students with real, unadulterated Latin and the task of teasing information from the Latin via translations. To this end, there are matching exercises with unedited Latin excerpts and rough English translations in the chapters, encouraging students to take a hands-on approach in their learning. In addition to this, a short reading relating to the adventures of Hercules is presented at the end of almost every chapter; these readings, which become progressively more complex, give the course a strong sense of narrative cohesion and interest and provide students with opportunities to develop their comprehension and translation skills. Key features include: Clear, accessible format and jargon-free explanations of grammar Many useful language examples Abundant and varied exercises with full answer key Controlled usage of vocabulary throughout, allowing students to concentrate on building up their grammatical knowledge Review chapters at intervals throughout the text, providing exercises specially designed to consolidate knowledge of language points covered Useful English-Latin and Latin-English glossaries at the back of the book Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Basic Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for beginning students of Latin. It can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource and is suitable both for class use and independent study.

Intensive Basic Latin: A Grammar and Workbook

Intensive Basic Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises a dynamic reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. The book presents forty individual grammar points, covering the core material which students would expect to encounter in their first year of learning Latin. Grammar points are followed by contextualised examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. There is a particular emphasis throughout on familiarising students with real, unadulterated Latin and the task of teasing information from the Latin via translations. To this end, there are matching exercises with unedited Latin excerpts and rough English translations in the chapters, encouraging students to take a hands-on approach in their learning. In addition to this, a short reading relating to the adventures of Hercules is presented at the end of almost every chapter; these readings, which become progressively more complex, give the course a strong sense of narrative cohesion and interest and provide students with opportunities to develop their comprehension and translation skills. Key features include: Clear, accessible format and jargon-free explanations of grammar Many useful language examples Abundant and varied exercises with full answer key Controlled usage of vocabulary throughout, allowing students to concentrate on building up their grammatical knowledge Review chapters at intervals throughout the text, providing exercises specially designed to consolidate knowledge of language points covered Useful English-Latin and Latin-English glossaries at the back of the book Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Basic Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for beginning students of Latin. It can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource and is suitable both for class use and independent study.

Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammar Workbooks)

Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry. Features include: Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease Frequent Latin to English and full English to Latin translations Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermadiate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language. Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar.

Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammar Workbooks)

Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry. Features include: Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease Frequent Latin to English and full English to Latin translations Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermadiate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language. Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar.

Intention and Text: Towards an Intentionality of Literary Form (Continuum Literary Studies)

The question of intention is central to the study of literature. How far can an author's intentions determine the meanings of his/her text? What do we mean by 'intention' in a literary context? What force does the reader's intention have in the construction of textual meaning? To what extent can a text itself be said to be 'intentional'? The aim of this book is to provide an in-depth analysis and critique of this concept of intention, its uses within the realms of literary theory, aesthetics, philosophy of language, phenomenology and deconstruction, and its potential for redefinition. Mitchell sets out to re-think intention and interrogate the possibilities of an intentionalism more suited to a formalist or textualist critical methodology. She moves from an assessment of the pitfalls of a traditional authorial intentionalism, towards the formulation of an 'intentionality of form', where intention is seen as a formal attribute of the text itself

Intention and Text: Towards an Intentionality of Literary Form (Continuum Literary Studies)

The question of intention is central to the study of literature. How far can an author's intentions determine the meanings of his/her text? What do we mean by 'intention' in a literary context? What force does the reader's intention have in the construction of textual meaning? To what extent can a text itself be said to be 'intentional'? The aim of this book is to provide an in-depth analysis and critique of this concept of intention, its uses within the realms of literary theory, aesthetics, philosophy of language, phenomenology and deconstruction, and its potential for redefinition. Mitchell sets out to re-think intention and interrogate the possibilities of an intentionalism more suited to a formalist or textualist critical methodology. She moves from an assessment of the pitfalls of a traditional authorial intentionalism, towards the formulation of an 'intentionality of form', where intention is seen as a formal attribute of the text itself

Intentional From the Start: Guiding Emergent Readers in Small Groups

Intentional from the Start: Guiding Emergent Readers in Small Groups, Carolyn Helmers and Susan Vincent take a concentrated look at the often-underestimated reading and writing work that occurs during the emergent reading stages of literacy development (PreA -D) and the seemingly simplistic books we use to teach them in small-group guided reading. Though both may appear unsophisticated, these earliest readers and the texts we use to meet their needs are each unique and full of nuances that generally go overlooked.The authors explore how emergent readers learn best and position text levels appropriately in the service of students. They also turn their attention to a comprehensive exploration of the particular needs of emergent readers and how the work they do at text levels PreA -D lays a critical foundation necessary for them to continue growing successfully into text levels E and beyond. As they examine the needs of learners working at each emergent text level individually, the authors:Detail specific demands books in that text level make on young readers and the best ways to coach students as they work through themHighlight instructional procedures for reading, writing, and word study that can be implemented immediately at your small group tableSuggest optimal schedules, techniques, and formats for efficient instruction at that levelUnpack the book characteristics specific to that level and demonstrate ways to capitalize on them to intentionally support emergent readers and writers.With plenty of useful classroom examples, as well as additional online resources with literacy center ideas that correlate directly with the work students are doing at particular levels, this book is a resource your emergent reading teacher heart will reach for again and again.

Intentional From the Start: Guiding Emergent Readers in Small Groups

Intentional from the Start: Guiding Emergent Readers in Small Groups, Carolyn Helmers and Susan Vincent take a concentrated look at the often-underestimated reading and writing work that occurs during the emergent reading stages of literacy development (PreA -D) and the seemingly simplistic books we use to teach them in small-group guided reading. Though both may appear unsophisticated, these earliest readers and the texts we use to meet their needs are each unique and full of nuances that generally go overlooked.The authors explore how emergent readers learn best and position text levels appropriately in the service of students. They also turn their attention to a comprehensive exploration of the particular needs of emergent readers and how the work they do at text levels PreA -D lays a critical foundation necessary for them to continue growing successfully into text levels E and beyond. As they examine the needs of learners working at each emergent text level individually, the authors:Detail specific demands books in that text level make on young readers and the best ways to coach students as they work through themHighlight instructional procedures for reading, writing, and word study that can be implemented immediately at your small group tableSuggest optimal schedules, techniques, and formats for efficient instruction at that levelUnpack the book characteristics specific to that level and demonstrate ways to capitalize on them to intentionally support emergent readers and writers.With plenty of useful classroom examples, as well as additional online resources with literacy center ideas that correlate directly with the work students are doing at particular levels, this book is a resource your emergent reading teacher heart will reach for again and again.

Intentionality as Constitution (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy)

This book develops a novel theory of intentionality. It argues that intentionality is an internal essential relation of constitution between an intentional state and an object, or between such a state and a possible state of affairs as subsisting.The author’s main claim is that intentionality is a fundamentally modal property, hence a non (scientifically) natural property in that it does not supervene, either locally or globally, on its nonmodal physical basis. This is the property, primarily for an intentional mental state, to be constituted by the entities it is about. In the case of intentionality of reference, such constituents are objects, in the sense of individuals; in the case of intentionality of content, such constituents are possible states of affairs as subsisting. Constitution is meant in a mereologically literal sense: those constituents are essential parts of the relevant states. As a result, the theory claims not only that intentionality is relational but also that it is an internal, essential relation holding between an intentional state and its object or proposition-like content.Intentionality as Constitution will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and cognitive science.

Intentionality as Constitution (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy)

This book develops a novel theory of intentionality. It argues that intentionality is an internal essential relation of constitution between an intentional state and an object, or between such a state and a possible state of affairs as subsisting.The author’s main claim is that intentionality is a fundamentally modal property, hence a non (scientifically) natural property in that it does not supervene, either locally or globally, on its nonmodal physical basis. This is the property, primarily for an intentional mental state, to be constituted by the entities it is about. In the case of intentionality of reference, such constituents are objects, in the sense of individuals; in the case of intentionality of content, such constituents are possible states of affairs as subsisting. Constitution is meant in a mereologically literal sense: those constituents are essential parts of the relevant states. As a result, the theory claims not only that intentionality is relational but also that it is an internal, essential relation holding between an intentional state and its object or proposition-like content.Intentionality as Constitution will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and cognitive science.

Intentions

Inter- und transmediale Ästhetik bei Josef Winkler (Kontemporär. Schriften zur deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur #8)

Das Ringen mit und um Sprache und seine Verschränkung mit Leiblichkeit sind zentrale Themen Josef Winklers. Die existentiellen sowie materiellen und medialen Aspekte des Schreibens bilden den Kern seiner performativen Poetologie. Sie ist seit von Anfang an sowohl intertextuell als auch inter- und transmedial geprägt und strahlt über Literatur hinaus in eine allgemeine Ästhetik. Auf Basis eines breiten kulturanthropologischen Medienbegriffs, der von Sprache als audiovisuellem Archimedium des Menschen ausgeht, zeichnen die Beiträge des Bandes anhand konkreter Beispiele aus Winklers Werk und Schreiben intertextuelle Bezüge sowie intermediale Verbindungen zu Film, Fotografie, bildender Kunst, Theater und Zirkus nach. Oder aber sie verfolgen die transmedialen Umwandlungen, die im Verlauf des Schreib- und Publikationsprozesses von der Handschrift bis zum Buch führen – bis hin zu der Frage, wie Literatur und Schreiben ausstellbar sein können. Dabei werden poetologisch-produktionsästhetische Ansätze auf wirkungsästhetische Ziele des Autors und damit auf seine Leserinnen und Leser hin geöffnet.

Interacting and Organizing: Analyses of a Management Meeting (Routledge Communication Series)

This work provides an exceptional case study, shedding light onto the functioning of an actual corporate board of directors. It presents analysis of a series of corporate management meetings shown in the 1974 documentary film, Corporation: After Mr. Sam. The film chronicles the discussion and communication processes as a company considers how to replace its president, and it serves as a unique opportunity for analysis of real-world organizational discourse. With an impressive list of prominent contributors, Interacting and Organizing: Analyses of a Management Meeting employs the dual perspectives of organizational communication and language and social interaction (LSI) to examine the film. It is arranged around specific topics, analyzed separately by organizational communication and LSI scholars. Editor François Cooren provides an introduction for each topic, and a comparison and synthesis conclude each part. Readers will appreciate the information presented, as it is an arena typically off-limits to outside eyes. The transcript of the film is included as an appendix to the volume. This volume is appropriate for use in advanced courses and seminars in organizational communication, LSI, management, and organizational behavior. With its distinctive approach to studying the film's content, it will be invaluable to scholars, researchers, and graduate students in organizational communication, LSI, and management.