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Optimal Dynamic Investment Policies of a Value Maximizing Firm (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #330)

1.1. Scope of the Book This book is a contribution to the area of "dynamic models of the firm". The motivation for this kind of research is the following: Empirical studies (e.g. Albach (1976)) have shown that the development of the firm over time can be divided into different stages. such as growth. stationarity and contraction. In order to understand and evaluate these stages in a proper way. it is important to develop a suitable theoretical framework. To that end. economists have applied dynamic mathematical techniques. such as optimal control theory. calculus of variations and dynamic programming to design and analyse dynamic models of the firm. In this way. the economic theory of the firm is extended to a dynamic context. Within the field of the dynamics of the firm this book - develops a general investment decision rule. based on the concept "net present value of marginal investment". which is applicable in deterministic dynamic models of the firm; - studies the influence of adjustment costs of investment on optimal dynamic firm behavior; - extends the stochastic dynamic theory of the firm by connecting it with a dynamic version of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Before elaborating on "the dynamics of the firm". we first review the subject of net present value in the classical analysis.

Optimal Human Relations: The Search for a Good Life

This volume deals with the human desire to live the good life, defined as seeking that which "is good, optimal, or ultimately desirable." While there may be different ways of achieving this goal, the pathways are similar in some ways. In exploring the ways in which these paths cross, Mortensen asserts that an ability to sustain optimal human relations--that is, healthy communication, interpersonal compatibility, and prosocial influence--is a standard against which the good life can be measured. Optimal Human Relations explores the favorable conditions for human beings to live the best possible way of life imaginable; it both argues the case for and documents recent advances in the study of social influences on everyday life. Social influences help to develop an expansive sense of intrinsic motivation in daily encounters with others. While optimal relations are not easily achieved or maintained, it is through healthy relationships that one may pursue pleasure and happiness--even meaning, importance, and significance with valued companions. The cultivation of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual health through these relations generates an enhanced sense of well-being, growth, and maturity. Mature individuals are more likely to maintain optimal relations by counting daily blessings more than lamenting routine burdens. This inspirational conception of "the good life" invites productive inquiry into the conditions responsible for the pursuit of optimal conditions, fulfilled expectations, and a rich, vital, way of life. It is through this lens that Mortensen measures the good life, pointing to these aspects of human communication as a litmus test of the relative importance of individualistic and collective orientations. Along the way, the reader discovers who and what we are in relation to the quality of the world in which we reside alongside those who journey with us.

Optimal Human Relations: The Search for a Good Life

This volume deals with the human desire to live the good life, defined as seeking that which "is good, optimal, or ultimately desirable." While there may be different ways of achieving this goal, the pathways are similar in some ways. In exploring the ways in which these paths cross, Mortensen asserts that an ability to sustain optimal human relations--that is, healthy communication, interpersonal compatibility, and prosocial influence--is a standard against which the good life can be measured. Optimal Human Relations explores the favorable conditions for human beings to live the best possible way of life imaginable; it both argues the case for and documents recent advances in the study of social influences on everyday life. Social influences help to develop an expansive sense of intrinsic motivation in daily encounters with others. While optimal relations are not easily achieved or maintained, it is through healthy relationships that one may pursue pleasure and happiness--even meaning, importance, and significance with valued companions. The cultivation of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual health through these relations generates an enhanced sense of well-being, growth, and maturity. Mature individuals are more likely to maintain optimal relations by counting daily blessings more than lamenting routine burdens. This inspirational conception of "the good life" invites productive inquiry into the conditions responsible for the pursuit of optimal conditions, fulfilled expectations, and a rich, vital, way of life. It is through this lens that Mortensen measures the good life, pointing to these aspects of human communication as a litmus test of the relative importance of individualistic and collective orientations. Along the way, the reader discovers who and what we are in relation to the quality of the world in which we reside alongside those who journey with us.

Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar

This book is the final version of the widely-circulated 1993 Technical Report that introduces a conception of grammar in which well-formedness is defined as optimality with respect to a ranked set of universal constraints. Final version of the widely circulated 1993 Technical Report that was the seminal work in Optimality Theory, never before available in book format. Serves as an excellent introduction to the principles and practice of Optimality Theory. Offers proposals and analytic commentary that suggest many directions for further development for the professional.

Optimality Theory and Language Change (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory #56)

This work discusses many optimization and linguistic issues in great detail. It treats the history of a variety of languages, including English, French, Germanic, Galician/ Portuguese, Latin, Russian, and Spanish and shows that the application of Optimality Theory allows for innovative and improved analyses. It contains a complete bibliography on OT and language change. It is of interest to historical linguists, researchers into OT and linguistic theory, and phonologists and syntacticians with an interest in historical change.

Optimality Theory and Pragmatics (Palgrave Studies in Pragmatics, Language and Cognition)

Ten leading scholars provide exacting research results and a reliable and accessible introduction to the new field of optimality theoretic pragmatics. The book includes a general introduction that overviews the foundations of this new research paradigm. The book is intended to satisfy the needs of students and professional researchers interested in pragmatics and optimality theory, and will be of particular interest to those exploring the interfaces of formal pragmatics with grammar, semantics, philosophy of language, information theory and cognitive psychology.

Optimality Theory and Pragmatics (PDF) (Palgrave Studies In Pragmatics, Languages And Cognition Ser.)

Ten leading scholars provide exacting research results and a reliable and accessible introduction to the new field of optimality theoretic pragmatics. The book includes a general introduction that overviews the foundations of this new research paradigm, and is intended to satisfy the needs of students and professional researchers interested in pragmatics and optimality theory. The papers address information structure, contrastive stress on pronouns, demonstratives, the pragmatics of pronoun resolution, blocking, binding theory, discourse relations, the genesis of pragmatics and syntactic case. Blutner and Zeevat's collection will be of particular interest to those exploring the interfaces of formal pragmatics with grammar, semantics, language change, philosophy of language and cognitive psychology.

Optimality Theory in Phonology: A Reader

Optimality Theory in Phonology: A Reader is a collection of readings on this important new theory by leading figures in the field, including a lengthy excerpt from Prince and Smolensky’s never-before-published Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Compiles the most important readings about Optimality Theory in phonology from some of the most prominent researchers in the field. Contains 33 excerpts spanning a range of topics in phonology and including many never-before-published papers. Includes a lengthy excerpt from Prince and Smolensky’s foundational 1993 manuscript Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Includes introductory notes and study/research questions for each chapter.

Optimierte Zielgruppenansprache: Werbende Kommunikation im Spannungsfeld von Kulturen und Stakeholder-Interessen (Europäische Kulturen in der Wirtschaftskommunikation #20)

​​​Der Band bietet die Ergebnisse des internationalen Forschungsprojekts Identitätsbildung im europäischen Geschäftsbericht – Shaping Identities in European Annual Reports , der in Kooperation zwischen Universitäten aus Deutschland, Dänemark, den Niederlanden und Finnland entstanden ist. Die Beiträge zeigen, wie sich die Frage der einzigartigen Positionierbarkeit sowohl aus unternehmensstrategischer als auch aus nationaler Perspektive systematisch erfassen und gewinnbringend umsetzen lässt. Neben ausgiebigen kulturkontrastiven Untersuchungen zu Tendenzen und Entwicklungen im heutigen europäischen Umfeld werden auch jeweils Konsequenzen für die Anwendbarkeit der Ergebnisse im Bereich der mittlerweile sehr breit ausgerichteten unternehmensexternen Investor-Relations-Kommunikation gezogen. Somit gehen die einzelnen Studien vom Umfang und der Aussagerelevanz her weit über den Bereich traditioneller Sammelband-Beiträge hinaus und bieten auch Einsichten für die internationale Praxis der IR-Kommunikation.​

Optimising Emotions, Incubating Falsehoods: How to Protect the Global Civic Body from Disinformation and Misinformation

This open access book deconstructs the core features of online misinformation and disinformation. It finds that the optimisation of emotions for commercial and political gain is a primary cause of false information online. The chapters distil societal harms, evaluate solutions, and consider what must be done to strengthen societies as new biometric forms of emotion profiling emerge. Based on a rich, empirical, and interdisciplinary literature that examines multiple countries, the book will be of interest to scholars and students of Communications, Journalism, Politics, Sociology, Science and Technology Studies, and Information Science, as well as global and local policymakers and ordinary citizens interested in how to prevent the spread of false information worldwide, both now and in the future.

Optimizing a Lexical Approach to Instructed Second Language Acquisition

Empirically validated techniques to accelerate learners' uptake of 'chunks' demonstrate that pathways for insightful chunk-learning become available if one is willing to question the assumption that lexis is arbitrary. Care is taken to ensure that the pedagogical proposals are in accordance with insights from vocabulary research generally.

Optimizing AdWords: A Guide to Using, Mastering, and Maximizing Google AdWords

Optimizing AdWords provides the information marketers and future marketers need to harness the power of the Google’s AdWords search engine marketing applications. It provides a big picture overview of the AdWords system, helping businesses and individuals decide how to advertise products or their clients’ products. Optimizing AdWords was written for those at every rung of the ladder, from Marketing Directors to small business owners to students just starting out in marketing. This volume is organized around accessibility and ease of use. Author Paige Miller, co-founder of MultiPlanet Marketing Inc., has written this how-to guide to be super easy and fast to read and absorb. It moves you straight to the salient points of the text, allowing readers to take on AdWords in overview before coming back and collecting the finer details. Chapters 1 through 4 cover the basics, while the rest serve as a reference readers can come back to in building and growing campaigns. Using this book, professional marketers and other business professionals can utilize Google AdWords and optimize it for existing marketing strategies, or create whole new campaigns based around the system. Today, given the level of competition for ad positions on Google search pages, success hinges on understanding Google AdWords well enough to outperform competition. This book will provide readers with the knowledge necessary to master Google AdWords.

Optimizing AdWords: A Guide to Using, Mastering, and Maximizing Google AdWords

Optimizing AdWords provides the information marketers and future marketers need to harness the power of the Google’s AdWords search engine marketing applications. It provides a big picture overview of the AdWords system, helping businesses and individuals decide how to advertise products or their clients’ products. Optimizing AdWords was written for those at every rung of the ladder, from Marketing Directors to small business owners to students just starting out in marketing. This volume is organized around accessibility and ease of use. Author Paige Miller, co-founder of MultiPlanet Marketing Inc., has written this how-to guide to be super easy and fast to read and absorb. It moves you straight to the salient points of the text, allowing readers to take on AdWords in overview before coming back and collecting the finer details. Chapters 1 through 4 cover the basics, while the rest serve as a reference readers can come back to in building and growing campaigns. Using this book, professional marketers and other business professionals can utilize Google AdWords and optimize it for existing marketing strategies, or create whole new campaigns based around the system. Today, given the level of competition for ad positions on Google search pages, success hinges on understanding Google AdWords well enough to outperform competition. This book will provide readers with the knowledge necessary to master Google AdWords.

Optimizing Online English Language Learning and Teaching (English Language Education #31)

This book focuses on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and provides advice on how to approach EFL teaching in the online context. Coronavirus has accelerated e-learning significantly and has highlighted the need of appropriate web tools that will allow teachers to present their material either synchronously or asynchronously, while also adequately assess their students. At the same time, there is a need of tools that can engage the students and motivate them to actively participate in the lesson. With e-learning being a rather new challenge for both teachers and students, this book provides research- and practice- based chapters with strategies, techniques, approaches, and methods which have proven to be successful in e-learning environments, maximizing their impact . Apart from presenting research results with strong pedagogical implications on online or blended English language learning and teaching, the book also trains educators on utilizing online tools and managing online learning environments and platforms.

Optional Tests B Reading Y2 Answer Booklet 1 (Optional Tests (PDF))

Paper 1: reading prompt and answer booklet

Optional Tests B Reading Y2 Answer Booklet 2 (Optional Tests (PDF))

A set of 15 Year 2 Reading Optional Test papers from the SET B range. What's included? 15 x Paper 1: combined reading prompt and answer booklet 15 x Paper 2: reading booklet 15 x Paper 2: reading answer booklet

Optional Tests B Reading Y2 Extracts Booklet (Optional Tests (PDF))

Paper 2: reading booklet

Optische Kennzeichnung von Druckpapieren (Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen)

Or Orwell: Writing and Democratic Socialism

There have been many studies of George Orwell, but nothing quite like this book by Alex Woloch—an exuberant, revisionary account of Orwell’s radical writing. Bearing down on the propulsive irony and formal restlessness intertwined with his plain-style, Woloch offers a new understanding of Orwell and a new way of thinking about writing and politics.

Or Orwell: Writing and Democratic Socialism

There have been many studies of George Orwell, but nothing quite like this book by Alex Woloch—an exuberant, revisionary account of Orwell’s radical writing. Bearing down on the propulsive irony and formal restlessness intertwined with his plain-style, Woloch offers a new understanding of Orwell and a new way of thinking about writing and politics.

The Oracle and the Curse: A Poetics Of Justice From The Revolution To The Civil War

Caleb Smith explores the confessions, trial reports, maledictions, and martyr narratives that juxtaposed law and conscience in antebellum America’s court of public opinion and shows how writers portrayed struggles for justice as clashes between human law and higher authority, giving voice to a moral protest that transformed American literature.

The Oracle and the Curse: A Poetics Of Justice From The Revolution To The Civil War

Caleb Smith explores the confessions, trial reports, maledictions, and martyr narratives that juxtaposed law and conscience in antebellum America’s court of public opinion and shows how writers portrayed struggles for justice as clashes between human law and higher authority, giving voice to a moral protest that transformed American literature.

Oracles of Empire: Poetry, Politics, and Commerce in British America, 1690-1750

This innovative look at previously neglected poetry in British America represents a major contribution to our understanding of early American culture. Spanning the period from the Glorious Revolution (1690) to the end of King George's War (1750), this study critically reconstitutes the literature of empire in the thirteen colonies, Canada, and the West Indies by investigating over 300 texts in mixed print and manuscript sources, including poems in pamphlets and newspapers. British America's poetry of empire was dominated by three issues: mercantilism's promise that civilization and wealth would be transmitted from London to the provinces; the debate over the extent of metropolitan prerogatives in law and commerce when they obtruded upon provincial rights and interests; and the argument that Britain's imperium pelagi was an ethical empire, because it depended upon the morality of trade, while the empires of Spain and France were immoral empires because they were grounded upon conquest. In discussing these issues, Shields provides a virtual anthology of poems long lost to students of American literature.

Oracles of Empire: Poetry, Politics, and Commerce in British America, 1690-1750

This innovative look at previously neglected poetry in British America represents a major contribution to our understanding of early American culture. Spanning the period from the Glorious Revolution (1690) to the end of King George's War (1750), this study critically reconstitutes the literature of empire in the thirteen colonies, Canada, and the West Indies by investigating over 300 texts in mixed print and manuscript sources, including poems in pamphlets and newspapers. British America's poetry of empire was dominated by three issues: mercantilism's promise that civilization and wealth would be transmitted from London to the provinces; the debate over the extent of metropolitan prerogatives in law and commerce when they obtruded upon provincial rights and interests; and the argument that Britain's imperium pelagi was an ethical empire, because it depended upon the morality of trade, while the empires of Spain and France were immoral empires because they were grounded upon conquest. In discussing these issues, Shields provides a virtual anthology of poems long lost to students of American literature.

Oracles of Empire: Poetry, Politics, and Commerce in British America, 1690-1750

This innovative look at previously neglected poetry in British America represents a major contribution to our understanding of early American culture. Spanning the period from the Glorious Revolution (1690) to the end of King George's War (1750), this study critically reconstitutes the literature of empire in the thirteen colonies, Canada, and the West Indies by investigating over 300 texts in mixed print and manuscript sources, including poems in pamphlets and newspapers. British America's poetry of empire was dominated by three issues: mercantilism's promise that civilization and wealth would be transmitted from London to the provinces; the debate over the extent of metropolitan prerogatives in law and commerce when they obtruded upon provincial rights and interests; and the argument that Britain's imperium pelagi was an ethical empire, because it depended upon the morality of trade, while the empires of Spain and France were immoral empires because they were grounded upon conquest. In discussing these issues, Shields provides a virtual anthology of poems long lost to students of American literature.