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The Democratic Organisation: Democracy and the Future of Work (Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations and Society)
by Thomas DiefenbachPrevailing models of organisation divide people into owners, managers and employees, forcing especially the latter to obey, to behave, and to function well within a hierarchical and managerial pecking order. However, there is no natural law suggesting the need for such organisations, not in market economies and definitely not in modern democratic societies – and there is no justification for such types of organisation. Arguing that most current organisations are orthodox, hierarchical, anti-democratic, oppressive, unfair, and unjust, this book presents a viable alternative, a better type of organisation – the democratic organisation. Diefenbach develops and provides step by step a systematic, comprehensive, thorough, and detailed general model of the democratic organisation. He describes the democratic organisation’s fundamental principles, values, governance, management, structures, and processes, and the ways it functions and operates both within the organisation and towards others and the environment. Crucially, and most importantly, the democratic organisation provides the institutions and organisational context for individuals to maintain and pursue their fundamental freedoms, inalienable rights, and dignity; to manage organisations in democratic, participative, and cooperative ways; and to conduct business in considerate, balanced, and sustainable ways. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, practitioners, and students in the fields of management, organisation studies, strategic management, business ethics, entrepreneurship, and family business.
The Democratic Rule of Law on Trial: First Amendment Cases of the Trump Era
by Sonja GroverThis book examines selected high-profile U.S. First Amendment cases occurring during the Trump era as a vehicle for exploring a possible fundamental commonality in understanding the democratic rule of law globally. In each of these cases, the adjudicating body’s analytical legal strategy is discussed in terms of how it reinforces or detracts from the democratic rule of law. It was and continues to be highly internationally anticipated as to what legal examples are being set by this established democracy when confronted by legal contests between the former Trump administration and those alleging their rights were somehow violated by the executive of that time. Thus, the book is instructive for an international audience on the essential role of the courts in protecting democracy through providing, where supported by the law and the facts, a remedy for the aggrieved comparatively powerless. The book will be essential reading for academics and researchers working in the areas of constitutional law, politics and human rights.
The Democratic Rule of Law on Trial: First Amendment Cases of the Trump Era
by Sonja GroverThis book examines selected high-profile U.S. First Amendment cases occurring during the Trump era as a vehicle for exploring a possible fundamental commonality in understanding the democratic rule of law globally. In each of these cases, the adjudicating body’s analytical legal strategy is discussed in terms of how it reinforces or detracts from the democratic rule of law. It was and continues to be highly internationally anticipated as to what legal examples are being set by this established democracy when confronted by legal contests between the former Trump administration and those alleging their rights were somehow violated by the executive of that time. Thus, the book is instructive for an international audience on the essential role of the courts in protecting democracy through providing, where supported by the law and the facts, a remedy for the aggrieved comparatively powerless. The book will be essential reading for academics and researchers working in the areas of constitutional law, politics and human rights.
Democratic Statehood in International Law: The Emergence of New States in Post-Cold War Practice (Studies in International Law)
by Jure VidmarThis book analyses the emerging practice in the post-Cold War era of the creation of a democratic political system along with the creation of new states. The existing literature either tends to conflate self-determination and democracy or dismisses the legal relevance of the emerging practice on the basis that democracy is not a statehood criterion. Such arguments are simplistic. The statehood criteria in contemporary international law are largely irrelevant and do not automatically or self-evidently determine whether or not an entity has emerged as a new state. The question to be asked, therefore, is not whether democracy has become a statehood criterion. The emergence of new states is rather a law-governed political process in which certain requirements regarding the type of a government may be imposed internationally. And in this process the introduction of a democratic political system is equally as relevant or irrelevant as the statehood criteria. The book demonstrates that via the right of self-determination the law of statehood requires state creation to be a democratic process, but that this requirement should not be interpreted too broadly. The democratic process in this context governs independence referenda and does not interfere with the choice of a political system.This book has been awarded Joint Second Prize for the 2014 Society of Legal Scholars Peter Birks Prize for Outstanding Legal Scholarship.
Democratic Statehood in International Law: The Emergence of New States in Post-Cold War Practice (Studies in International Law)
by Jure VidmarThis book analyses the emerging practice in the post-Cold War era of the creation of a democratic political system along with the creation of new states. The existing literature either tends to conflate self-determination and democracy or dismisses the legal relevance of the emerging practice on the basis that democracy is not a statehood criterion. Such arguments are simplistic. The statehood criteria in contemporary international law are largely irrelevant and do not automatically or self-evidently determine whether or not an entity has emerged as a new state. The question to be asked, therefore, is not whether democracy has become a statehood criterion. The emergence of new states is rather a law-governed political process in which certain requirements regarding the type of a government may be imposed internationally. And in this process the introduction of a democratic political system is equally as relevant or irrelevant as the statehood criteria. The book demonstrates that via the right of self-determination the law of statehood requires state creation to be a democratic process, but that this requirement should not be interpreted too broadly. The democratic process in this context governs independence referenda and does not interfere with the choice of a political system.This book has been awarded Joint Second Prize for the 2014 Society of Legal Scholars Peter Birks Prize for Outstanding Legal Scholarship.
Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration (Studies in Penal Theory and Philosophy)
by Albert W. Dzur, Ian Loader, and Richard SparksThe United States leads the world in incarceration, and the United Kingdom is persistently one of the European countries with the highest per capita rates of imprisonment. Yet despite its increasing visibility as a social issue, mass incarceration - and its inconsistency with core democratic ideals - rarely surfaces in contemporary Anglo-American political theory. Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration seeks to overcome this puzzling disconnect by deepening the dialogue between democratic theory and punishment policy. This collection of original essays initiates a multi-disciplinary discussion among philosophers, political theorists, and criminologists regarding ways in which contemporary democratic theory might begin to think beyond mass incarceration. Rather than viewing punishment as a natural reaction to crime and imprisonment as a sensible outgrowth of this reaction, the volume argues that crime and punishment are institutions that reveal unmet demands for public oversight and democratic influence. Chapters explore theoretical paths towards de-carceration and alternatives to prison, suggest ways in which democratic theory can strengthen recent reform movements, and offer creative alternatives to mass incarceration. Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration offers guideposts for critical thinking about incarceration, examining ways to rebuild crime control institutions and create a healthier, more just society.
Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration (Studies in Penal Theory and Philosophy)
The United States leads the world in incarceration, and the United Kingdom is persistently one of the European countries with the highest per capita rates of imprisonment. Yet despite its increasing visibility as a social issue, mass incarceration - and its inconsistency with core democratic ideals - rarely surfaces in contemporary Anglo-American political theory. Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration seeks to overcome this puzzling disconnect by deepening the dialogue between democratic theory and punishment policy. This collection of original essays initiates a multi-disciplinary discussion among philosophers, political theorists, and criminologists regarding ways in which contemporary democratic theory might begin to think beyond mass incarceration. Rather than viewing punishment as a natural reaction to crime and imprisonment as a sensible outgrowth of this reaction, the volume argues that crime and punishment are institutions that reveal unmet demands for public oversight and democratic influence. Chapters explore theoretical paths towards de-carceration and alternatives to prison, suggest ways in which democratic theory can strengthen recent reform movements, and offer creative alternatives to mass incarceration. Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration offers guideposts for critical thinking about incarceration, examining ways to rebuild crime control institutions and create a healthier, more just society.
Democratic Vistas: Reflections on the Life of American Democracy
by Jedediah Purdy Prof. Anthony T. Kronman Cynthia FarrarIn this thought-provoking collection, leading scholars explore democracy in the United States from a sweeping variety of perspectives. A dozen contributors consider the nature and prospects of democracy as it relates to the American experience-free markets, religion, family life, the Cold War, higher education, and more. These probing essays bring American democracy into fresh focus, complete with its idealism, its moral greatness, its disappointments, and its contradictions.Based on DeVane lectures delivered at Yale University, these writings examine large themes and ask important questions: Why do democratic societies, and the United States in particular, tolerate profound economic inequality? Has the United States ever been truly democratic? How has democratic aspiration influenced the development of practices as diverse as education, religious worship, and family life? With deep insights and lively discussion, the authors expand our understanding of what democracy has meant in the past, how it functions now, and what its course may be in the future.
Democratizing China’s Political Imaginaries
by Rongxin LiThis book offers a meticulous empirical examination of Chinese democracy and its myriad discourses. Delving into the intricate workings of Chinese democracy, the author explores how the Chinese Communist Party employs democratic principles, how intellectuals grapple with the concept, and how the populace perceives and engages with democracy. In transcending mere methodological nationalism, this narrative extends to the global stage, offering insights into democratic evolution beyond Western paradigms by exploring resonates particularly with developing and post-colonial countries, offering a fresh perspective on the delicate balance between state capacity, social order, and the democratization process. While the trajectory of democracy in China remains uncertain, these empirically grounded analyses provide a pragmatic lens through which to contemplate the future of Chinese political dynamics.
Democratizing Constitutional Law: Perspectives on Legal Theory and the Legitimacy of Constitutionalism (Law and Philosophy Library #113)
by Thomas Bustamante Bernardo Gonçalves FernandesThis volume critically discusses the relationship between democracy and constitutionalism. It does so with a view to respond to objections raised by legal and political philosophers who are sceptical of judicial review based on the assumption that judicial review is an undemocratic institution. The book builds on earlier literature on the moral justification of the authority of constitutional courts, and on the current attempts to develop a system on “weak judicial review”. Although different in their approach, the chapters all focus on devising institutions, procedures and, in a more abstract way, normative conceptions to democratize constitutional law. These democratizing strategies may vary from a radical objection to the institution of judicial review, to a more modest proposal to justify the authority of constitutional courts in their “deliberative performance” or to create constitutional juries that may be more aware of a community’s constitutional morality than constitutional courts are. The book connects abstract theoretical discussions about the moral justification of constitutionalism with concrete problems, such as the relation between constitutional adjudication and deliberative democracy, the legitimacy of judicial review in international institutions, the need to create new institutions to democratize constitutionalism, the connections between philosophical conceptions and constitutional practices, the judicial review of constitutional amendments, and the criticism on strong judicial review.
Democratizing Public Management: Towards Practice-Based Theory
by Marta Strumińska-KutraThis book argues that contemporary society in general, and public administration specifically, can benefit from more reflexive learning processes through democracy and public involvement. It identifies the most central social practices, dilemmas, and challenges for public management as well as the mechanisms needed to enact institutional change. Offering a model of reflexivity and learning in the face of public dispute, it explores phenomena such as problem solving, democratization, public learning, and uncertainty to address certain tensions in governance theory and practice.Through a range of well-sourced case studies, this book demonstrates how institutions can manage difficult situations by not only resolving the conflict but addressing the underlying problem. It uses both theoretical and practical approaches to observe the micro foundations of political behavior and its institutional underpinnings, and will be a valuable resource for public administration researchers, practitioners, and graduate students seeking empirical studies of learning processes in the public sphere.
Democratizing Public Management: Towards Practice-Based Theory
by Marta Strumińska-KutraThis book argues that contemporary society in general, and public administration specifically, can benefit from more reflexive learning processes through democracy and public involvement. It identifies the most central social practices, dilemmas, and challenges for public management as well as the mechanisms needed to enact institutional change. Offering a model of reflexivity and learning in the face of public dispute, it explores phenomena such as problem solving, democratization, public learning, and uncertainty to address certain tensions in governance theory and practice.Through a range of well-sourced case studies, this book demonstrates how institutions can manage difficult situations by not only resolving the conflict but addressing the underlying problem. It uses both theoretical and practical approaches to observe the micro foundations of political behavior and its institutional underpinnings, and will be a valuable resource for public administration researchers, practitioners, and graduate students seeking empirical studies of learning processes in the public sphere.
Demographic Change and Intergenerational Justice: The Implementation of Long-Term Thinking in the Political Decision Making Process
by Joerg TremmelIntergenerational justice has been achieved if the opportunities of the members of the next generation to fulfill their needs are better than those of the members of the preceding generation. For this, each generation ought to leave for the next generation an amount of resources is at least equal to its own amount. The book deals with the complex relationship between intergenerational justice and demographic change and is characterized by its interdisciplinary approach. The authors come from a multitude of professional backgrounds and from several countries. This illustrates the implications of the demographic shift from many different perspectives. The book deals not only with the aspects of economic policy but also with environmental, societal and philosophical issues. The comprehensive volume is composed of five sections that pinpoint demographic trends, examine the impact of demographic changes on key indicators, investigate the relationship between key indicators and intergenerational justice, scrutinize population policies, and finally propose ways to implement long-term thinking on these issues.
Demography and the Anthropocene (SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace #35)
by Larry D. BarnettEnvironmentalists devote little attention at the moment to the size and growth of the human population. To counter this neglect, the monograph (i) includes original graphs showing population size and growth since 1920 in the world as a whole and the United States; (ii) assembles evidence tying the increasing number of people to ecosystem deterioration and its societal consequences; and (iii) analyzes sample-survey data to ascertain whether the current disregard of population pressures by U.S. environmentalists reflects the thinking of Americans generally. However, even if a nation took steps primarily intended to lower childbearing and immigration, the findings of social science research indicate that the steps would not have a substantial, lasting impact. The discussion, which suggests an indirect way by which government may reduce fertility, underlines for environmental scholars the importance of studying their subject in a multidisciplinary, collaborative setting.
Demoicratic Authority: On the Nature and Grounds of the EU’s Right to Rule (Studies of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law)
by Josef WeinzierlWhat is the nature of EU's authority? This fascinating book explores this question, and is much needed given the increased scrutiny of the EU's actions in the face of growing nationalism and various other internal and external challenges.By setting out an original account of the preferred moral standard to evaluate such authority, ie demoicratic authority, it illustrates how that standard affects the practical reasoning of those subject to the EU's authority. Theoretically significant, the book also has important practical value as legitimacy challenges in the EU increase. Constitutional lawyers and theorists, as well as political scientists will welcome this innovative new work.
Demoicratic Authority: On the Nature and Grounds of the EU’s Right to Rule (Studies of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law)
by Josef WeinzierlWhat is the nature of EU's authority? This fascinating book explores this question, and is much needed given the increased scrutiny of the EU's actions in the face of growing nationalism and various other internal and external challenges.By setting out an original account of the preferred moral standard to evaluate such authority, ie demoicratic authority, it illustrates how that standard affects the practical reasoning of those subject to the EU's authority. Theoretically significant, the book also has important practical value as legitimacy challenges in the EU increase. Constitutional lawyers and theorists, as well as political scientists will welcome this innovative new work.
Demokratie als teleologisches Prinzip: Zur Legitimität von Staatsgewalt im Völkerrecht (Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht #204)
by Niels PetersenNach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges konnte eine neue Welle der Demokratisierung beobachtet werden. Gleichzeitig begann in der Rechtswissenschaft die Diskussion darüber, welche Rolle das Völkerrecht in diesem Prozess spielt. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, ob Demokratie für jeden Staat tatsächlich die ideale Staatsform ist. Er untersucht dabei Ansätze in der politikwissenschaftlichen Demokratie- und Demokratisierungstheorie und versucht diese Erkenntnisse für die völkerrechtliche Dogmatik fruchtbar zu machen.
Demokratie in Europa: Zur Rolle der Parlamente (ZParl-Sonderbände)
by Kristin BergmannDieser Band dokumentiert überblicksartig die Entwicklungen europäischer Regierungssysteme seit dem Epochenjahr 1989/90. Im Zentrum der Berichte und Analysen stehen Wahlen und Parlamente, die Mittel und Institutionen zur Gewährleistung von Demokratie im Wandel. Fortschritte der europäischen Integration haben die Sache der Demokratie in Europa keineswegs einfacher gemacht. Der Vertrag von Maastricht (Maastricht I) verstärkte die Forderung nach Abbau von Demokratie-Defiziten der Europäischen Union, das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts verweist auf tieferliegende Dilemmata der Demokratisierung in Europa. Wer Demokratie, gar mehr Demokratie in Europa will, der wird sich diesen Spannungsfeldern - ernsthafter, als bislang zumeist geschehen - zuwenden müssen. Aus der Sicht ihrer 25 Jahre primär verfolgten Themen will die Redaktion der Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen mit diesem Sonderheft einen Beitrag leisten. Mit ihrer Entscheidung zugunsten internationaler und komparativer Perspektiven will sie zugleich ihr Zeichen gegen alle Spielarten nationalistischer Abgrenzungen setzen.
Demokratie und Globalisierung: Rechtliche und politische Analysen zu Beginn der vierten industriellen Revolution
by Charlotte Sieber-Gasser Alberto GhibelliniDieses Buch bietet eine eingehende rechtliche und politische Analyse der Vereinbarkeit des westfälischen Staatsmodells mit der Globalisierung und der digitalen Revolution. Es untersucht das Konzept der Demokratie in einer globalisierten Welt, erörtert die Legitimität der wirtschaftlichen Integration in den globalen Markt und präsentiert drei Fallstudien (aus Brasilien, Taiwan und Spanien) über die Auswirkungen sozialer Medien auf Wahlen. Darüber hinaus werden neue Perspektiven zu den Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf nationale Grenzen und auf die Rolle von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern und Expertinnen und Experten bei der Gestaltung der Globalisierung aufgezeigt. Ein abschließendes Kapitel befasst sich mit der Frage, inwieweit die aus den Analysen der oben genannten Aspekte gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bei den Bemühungen um eine Überwindung der aktuellen globalen Gesundheits- und Wirtschaftskrise berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Demokratie und Integration: Zum Spannungsverhältnis zwischen demokratischer Legitimation und Autonomie supranationaler Rechtsordnung
by Hans-Peter FolzAnhand des Maastricht-Urteils ist ein grundlegender Justizkonflikt zwischen Bundesverfassungsgericht und Europäischem Gerichtshof über die letztverantwortliche Kontrolle der Gemeinschaftskompetenzen festzustellen. Während das Bundesverfassungsgericht für sich in Anspruch nimmt, am Maßstab des deutschen Übertragungsaktes zu überprüfen, ob Gemeinschaftsrecht sich im Rahmen der eingeräumten Kompetenzen hält, besteht der Europäische Gerichtshof auf ein Auslegungs- und Verwerfungsmonopol in Bezug auf Gemeinschaftsrecht. Der Autor untersucht die Standpunkte beider Gerichte auf ihre innere Schlüssigkeit; er zeichnet die Begründungen nach, untersucht ihre Prämissen und stellt ihre Folgerichtigkeit fest. Der Anspruch des Bundesverfassungsgerichts auf Kompetenzkontrolle dient dem Schutz des Demokratieprinzips. Für den Europäischen Gerichtshof ist dagegen die Sicherung der Funktions- und Handlungsfähigkeit der Gemeinschaft der höchste Wert.
Demokratische Gesetzgebung in der Europäischen Union: Theorie und Praxis der dualen Legitimationsstruktur europäischer Hoheitsgewalt (Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht #248)
by Jelena von AchenbachDas Mitentscheidungsverfahren (Art. 294 AEUV) ist seit dem Vertrag von Lissabon das ordentliche Gesetzgebungsverfahren der Europäischen Union. Mit der Monographie wird die Co-Gesetzgeberschaft von Europäischem Parlament und Rat als Mittel der demokratischen Legitimation europäischer Gesetzgebung untersucht. Im Zentrum steht dabei eine demokratietheoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Modell der dualen demokratischen Legitimation europäischer Hoheitsgewalt, das mit Art. 10 EUV nunmehr im Demokratieprinzip der Union verankert ist. Daneben steht eine empirisch gestützte Untersuchung der Praxis des Mitentscheidungsverfahrens, die sich insbesondere der zunehmenden Informalisierung des Gesetzgebungsprozesses („Triloge“) kritisch widmet.
Demons and Demigods: Death Penalty in India
by Aparna JhaThe harshest punishment is reserved for the harshest crimes. Murderers, rapists, terrorists—perpetrators of grisly acts—these are the people on death row. The Supreme Court of India has repeatedly held that the death penalty can be awarded only in the rarest of rare cases, where guilt is proved beyond reasonable doubt. Yet, who is to say what that may be? For witnesses can lie and evidence be tampered with. In a system that is imperfect, not all those found guilty are truly demons, nor those who pass the sentence demigods, flawless and beyond reproach. In Demons and Demigods, Aparna Jha recounts how she successfully defended four death row inmates, and makes an impassioned argument against capital punishment. For an eye for an eye, she argues, can leave the whole world blind.
Demonstrating Responsible Business: CSR and Sustainability Practices of Leading Companies in India
by Vineeta Dutta RoyThe attitude of sharing global problems and being part of its solution in one's own capacity and competence is, in essence, Social Responsibility today. Businesses are no exceptions, in fact, they are, more than any other time in history, expected to take larger responsibilities of their actions and impacts along their own supply chains and contribute their bit to alleviating some of the worst challenges the planet and its people are facing. The emphasis is on demonstrable differences they make.In India, the revisions done to the Companies Act, especially pertaining to the CSR done by Indian companies echo this sentiment. While stipulating definitive themes of developmental and social areas where companies can do CSR related work, a great emphasis is laid on concrete plans and tangible results, making CSR in the country a significant tool in national development and a strategy to contribute to global goals.The book, in its writing, has attempted to bring these renewed perspectives to the reader with real-world insights into related company practices.
The DEMPE Concept and Intangibles: Definition, Practical Approach and Analysis in the Context of Licence Model
by Karol DziwinskiUnder the widely applied rules of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines, allocation of the returns from the exploitation of intellectual property should be shared among all entities that contribute towards the profit-generating value of an intangible. This important book, in its detailed treatment of compliance with this principle – known as DEMPE (development, enhancement, maintenance, protection and exploitation) – describes exactly how both taxpayers and tax authorities can achieve an accurate assessment of transactions in order to arrive at an appropriate transfer pricing outcome. Analysing the legal, economic, and business management aspects of multinational enterprises activities, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of the DEMPE concept both in theory and in practice. Fully covered are such issues and topics as the following: role of the DEMPE concept within the framework of international tax law and transfer pricing; interplay of the DEMPE concept with the arm’s length principle; full description of each DEMPE function and analysis in the light of possible tax and transfer pricing consequences; modes of application of the DEMPE concept which can be directly implemented in practice; and additional tools (e.g., value chain analysis or RACI matrix) useful in applying the DEMPE concept. The book also provides the first in-depth analysis of the interplay between the DEMPE concept and the licence model in its various structural variations. Taking into account that intangibles amount to 84% of the market value of the S&P 500 companies and that over 80% of global trade transactions can be linked to value chains of multinational enterprises – and recognizing the scarcity of guidance heretofore on the application of the DEMPE concept – tax advisors, corporate counsels, tax authorities, and academics around the world are sure to appreciate and benefit greatly from this matchless and practical book.
Demystifying the Law: An Introduction for Professionals
by Daniel A. BronsteinDemystifying the Law: An Introduction for Professionals explains unfamiliar legal concepts in interesting contexts, thus helping you to understand and remember them. It illustrates legal principles using simple examples that anyone can understand. No single book can turn you into a lawyer, but this one can help you decide when you need a lawyer's assistance and help you ask intelligent questions of your lawyer. It can even help keep you out of situations requiring a lawyer. Part I tells you where our laws come from and how they are applied in the court system. Part II explains the role in law of the executive branch of government, including quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial activities, judicial review, and technicalities and terms. Part III covers several specific legal issues, including civil procedure, criminal law concepts, burden of proof, the "reasonable person" concept, breach of duty, personal and product liability, and malpractice. It also gives brief introductions to contracts, insurance law, workers' compensation, property law, environmental law, water law, and other legal matters. Every professional should own this valuable resource! Ideal for both personal and business use. Appendices include how to find legal citations and extracts from the federal rules of civil procedure.