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The Influence of Global Ideas on Environmentalism and Human Rights: World Society and the Individual
by Markus HadlerThis book explores whether individual attitudes and behaviors are swayed by global developments in a world increasingly populated by organizations, treaties, and other institutions that focus on environmentalism and human rights. It uses the sociological approach of World Society theory to investigate the effects of global ideas on individual environmentalism, xenophobia, and homophobia while drawing its data from a variety of international public opinion surveys.The Influence of Global Ideas on Environmentalism and Human Rights questions the dominant narrative of World Society related research as a positive influence of global ideas on various outcomes. Hadler demonstrates the complexity of this issue through empirical analyses revealing mixed trends in attitudes and behaviors from around the world.This book will be of interest to academics seeking to critically engage with World Society theory through two of its core topics: human rights and environmentalism.
The Influence of Human Rights and Basic Rights in Private Law (Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law #15)
by Verica Trstenjak Petra WeingerlThis book provides a comparative perspective on one of the most intriguing developments in law: the influence of basic rights and human rights in private law. It analyzes the application of basic rights and human rights, which are traditionally understood as public law rights, in private law, and discusses the related spillover effects and changing perspectives in legal doctrine and practice. It provides examples where basic rights and human rights influence judicial reasoning and lead to changes of legislation in contract law, tort law, property law, family law, and copyright law. Providing both context and background analysis for any critical examination of the horizontal effect of fundamental rights in private law, the book contributes to the current debate on an important issue that deserves the attention of legal practitioners, scholars, judges and others involved in the developments in a variety of the world’s jurisdictions.This book is based on the General Report and national reports commissioned by the International Academy of Comparative Law and written for the XIXth International Congress of Comparative Law in Vienna, Austria, in the summer of 2014.
The Influence of Human Rights on International Law
by Norman Weiß Jean-Marc ThouveninThis volume discusses the impact of human rights law on other fields of international law. Does international human rights law modify other fields of international law? Contributions focus on possible spillover effects of human rights on international economic or international criminal law. Does international human rights law have a streamlining effect on international law as a whole? This might be identified as a process of constitutionalisation. In this book, human rights can be understood as one of the core principles of international legal order and thus have an effect on the general law of treaties or on the settlement of disputes.Although human rights law is a relatively young field of international law, its content and core values today are of major importance for the interpretation of international law as a whole. As we witness a redefinition of sovereignty as a responsibility of states towards the people and a shift to greater relevance of the individual in international law in general, it is a logical consequence that human rights have an impact on other areas of international law.
Influence of WTO and Global Dynamics on Trade Flows: A Machine-Generated Literature Overview
by Debashis Chakraborty Oindrila DeyThis book is a machine-generated literature overview that explores the impact of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on international trade and its development. It looks at international trade before and after 1995 when WTO was established. It highlights the journey of the reciprocity-based reforms under WTO that were expected to help the developing and less developed countries (LDCs) more vis-à-vis their developed counterparts, given the existence of systemic and structural bottlenecks in the latter territories. The enabling steps were further expected to promote exports from developing countries and LDCs in line with their comparative advantage patterns, enhance the wage level and in turn, facilitate development of local population. The book showcases how during the first decade after WTO inception, a considerable progress was made for facilitating exports from the lower and lower-middle income countries through crucial provisions like less than full reciprocity (LTFR), Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), support measures under Aid for Trade, zero duty preferences under Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) and so on. However, the pace of WTO reforms has slowed down in the aftermath of the sub-prime crisis in 2008-09 and subsequent focus on formation of regional trade agreements (RTAs). In particular, in the aftermath of Covid-19, a trend towards de-globalization has been noticed, with considerable ramifications for the development of lower-income countries. In this background, there is a need to analyze how the deepening of trade flows and the subsequent de-globalization waves in the global canvas have traversed different paths in different continents and draw the appropriate lessons for the understanding the trade-development interlinkage therein. With insightful observations from the human editors, this machine-generated overview would be of interest to academicians, policy research community, advisory research community, and students ofinternational trade globally.^
Influence Operations in Cyberspace and the Applicability of International Law (Elgar International Law and Technology series)
by Peter B.M.J. PijpersThis enlightening book examines the use of online influence operations by foreign actors, and the extent to which these violate international law. It looks at key recent examples such as the 2016 UK EU Referendum, the 2016 American Presidential Election, and the 2017 French Presidential Election.Applying existing international law to the new cyberspace domain fuels the discourse on how states interpret international law, which increases legal ambiguity. This book contributes to this discourse by analysing the core elements of interventions and sovereignty, including territorial integrity and political independence, and the extent to which these elements were violated in the three central case studies. It concludes by reflecting on the future of influence operations in cyberspace and providing instruments and tools to better define when and how international law has been violated.Providing insights into the use of coercion and manipulation in influence operations, this book will be crucial reading for students and scholars in information and media law, internet and technology law, and public international law. It will also be beneficial for cyberspace experts and policymakers in international law and governance.
Influence Without Authority
by Allan R. Cohen David L. BradfordGet what you need to achieve your objectives and produce results Influence Without Authority is the classic guide to getting what you need from people you don't control. Getting things done requires collaboration, and convincing others to contribute requires political skill; this book introduces the Exchange Model, in which you get what you need by offering something of value in return. The key lies in knowing what the other person values—that's their "currency," and it's your immediate tool for coaxing their cooperation. This model has been proven over decades, as organizations around the world have turned away from frustration and resignation toward collaboration and results. This book shows you how to implement the Exchange Model at the personal, team, and organizational level to raise the bar for performance and leadership. This new third edition has been updated reflect the changing face of the workplace, and includes new examples and information on geographically dispersed virtual teams. Supplementary materials facilitate classroom and training use with discussions, role-play, videos, and other ancillaries that deepen understanding and promote practical application. Get what you need from the people who have it through mutual exchange Think in terms of interest, and pinpoint the "currencies" other people trade in Apply the Exchange Model across entire organizations to lead major change Learn practical real-world strategies for influencing those you do not control The ability to influence those not under your authority is becoming ever more valuable. Organizations are flattening, and outside contractors are taking on larger roles than ever before—getting results now means lateral cooperation, often across borders, time zones, organizations, and more. Influence Without Authority provides a proven model for success in this new environment, with expert guidance for real-world application.
Influence Without Authority
by Allan R. Cohen David L. BradfordGet what you need to achieve your objectives and produce results Influence Without Authority is the classic guide to getting what you need from people you don't control. Getting things done requires collaboration, and convincing others to contribute requires political skill; this book introduces the Exchange Model, in which you get what you need by offering something of value in return. The key lies in knowing what the other person values—that's their "currency," and it's your immediate tool for coaxing their cooperation. This model has been proven over decades, as organizations around the world have turned away from frustration and resignation toward collaboration and results. This book shows you how to implement the Exchange Model at the personal, team, and organizational level to raise the bar for performance and leadership. This new third edition has been updated reflect the changing face of the workplace, and includes new examples and information on geographically dispersed virtual teams. Supplementary materials facilitate classroom and training use with discussions, role-play, videos, and other ancillaries that deepen understanding and promote practical application. Get what you need from the people who have it through mutual exchange Think in terms of interest, and pinpoint the "currencies" other people trade in Apply the Exchange Model across entire organizations to lead major change Learn practical real-world strategies for influencing those you do not control The ability to influence those not under your authority is becoming ever more valuable. Organizations are flattening, and outside contractors are taking on larger roles than ever before—getting results now means lateral cooperation, often across borders, time zones, organizations, and more. Influence Without Authority provides a proven model for success in this new environment, with expert guidance for real-world application.
Influencer-Marketing: Informationspflichten bei Werbung durch Meinungsführer in Social Media (Juridicum – Schriften zum Medien-, Informations- und Datenrecht)
by Peter J. FriesPeter J. Fries behandelt die Problematik der Regulierung des Social-MediaPhänomens des lnfluencer-Marketings durch Informationspflichten. Er kommt dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass durch die Informationspflichten im Medien- und Lauterkeitsrecht de lege lata eine ausreichende Regulierung gewährleistet ist und insbesondere keine rechtliche Grauzone vorliegt. Der Autor zeigt aber auf, dass auf der Umsetzungsebene der Informationspflichten eine Veränderung der Informationsmodi erforderlich ist und es im Hinblick auf die Haftung bei Informationspflichtverstößen einer Erweiterung des Kreises der Normadressaten bedarf. Dazu präsentiert er einen eigenen Systematisierungsansatz in Bezug auf die zu verwendenden Informationsmodi bei der Umsetzung der Informationspflichten. Zudem plädiert er für die Etablierung einer Haftungstrias durch die Ausdehnung der Haftung bei Informationspflichtverstößen auf das WerbeKooperationsunternehmen und entwickelt verschiedene Haftungsansätze.
Influencing the Quality, Risk and Safety Movement in Healthcare: In Conversation with International Leaders
by Kim Sears Denise StockleyInfluencing the Quality, Risk and Safety Movement in Healthcare explores the inner workings of some of the most influential minds in healthcare quality, risk and safety. The book was created in cooperation with the Master of Science in Healthcare Quality graduate program, developed and delivered by Queen’s University, Canada. This is the only standalone interdisciplinary Master of Science graduate degree in Healthcare Quality in North America that focuses on creating tomorrow’s healthcare leaders. Following a one-to-one collaboration between each leader in healthcare with a dedicated learner of the MSc(HQ), readers are presented with a synopsis of the leader’s work followed by an in-depth interview with him or her. Interviews center around the leaders’ contributions to and thoughts on quality, risk and safety in healthcare, dealing with topics such as the development of their body of work, their greatest achievements, what they wish they could change, and future direction of quality, risk and safety, etc. The book provides a unique and highly accessible view into how and why the science of healthcare quality has developed, as well as giving a first-hand account of the founders and key players in the movement. It will offer valuable insights to any undergraduate/graduate class with an interest in healthcare, as well as professionals working within any of the many disciplines that can influence the healthcare system.
Influencing the Quality, Risk and Safety Movement in Healthcare: In Conversation with International Leaders
by Denise Stockley Kim SearsInfluencing the Quality, Risk and Safety Movement in Healthcare explores the inner workings of some of the most influential minds in healthcare quality, risk and safety. The book was created in cooperation with the Master of Science in Healthcare Quality graduate program, developed and delivered by Queen’s University, Canada. This is the only standalone interdisciplinary Master of Science graduate degree in Healthcare Quality in North America that focuses on creating tomorrow’s healthcare leaders. Following a one-to-one collaboration between each leader in healthcare with a dedicated learner of the MSc(HQ), readers are presented with a synopsis of the leader’s work followed by an in-depth interview with him or her. Interviews center around the leaders’ contributions to and thoughts on quality, risk and safety in healthcare, dealing with topics such as the development of their body of work, their greatest achievements, what they wish they could change, and future direction of quality, risk and safety, etc. The book provides a unique and highly accessible view into how and why the science of healthcare quality has developed, as well as giving a first-hand account of the founders and key players in the movement. It will offer valuable insights to any undergraduate/graduate class with an interest in healthcare, as well as professionals working within any of the many disciplines that can influence the healthcare system.
Informal Carers and Private Law (Hart Studies in Private Law)
by Brian SloanEvery day, large numbers of altruistic individuals, in the absence of any legal duty, provide substantial and essential services for elderly and disabled people. In doing so, many such informal carers suffer financial and other disadvantages. This book considers the scope for a "private law" approach to rewarding, supporting or compensating carers, an increasingly vital topic in the context of an ageing population and the need for savings in public expenditure. Adopting a comparative approach, the book explores the recognition of the informal carer and his or her relationship with the care recipient within diverse fields of private law, from unjust enrichment to succession. Aspects of the analysis include the importance of a promise of a reward from the care recipient and the appropriate measure of any remedy. In considering the potential for expansion of a "private law" approach for carers, the book addresses the fundamental and controversial question of the price of altruism. Winner of the University of Cambridge's Yorke Prize 2014
Informal Carers and Private Law (Hart Studies in Private Law #4)
by Brian SloanEvery day, large numbers of altruistic individuals, in the absence of any legal duty, provide substantial and essential services for elderly and disabled people. In doing so, many such informal carers suffer financial and other disadvantages. This book considers the scope for a "private law" approach to rewarding, supporting or compensating carers, an increasingly vital topic in the context of an ageing population and the need for savings in public expenditure. Adopting a comparative approach, the book explores the recognition of the informal carer and his or her relationship with the care recipient within diverse fields of private law, from unjust enrichment to succession. Aspects of the analysis include the importance of a promise of a reward from the care recipient and the appropriate measure of any remedy. In considering the potential for expansion of a "private law" approach for carers, the book addresses the fundamental and controversial question of the price of altruism. Winner of the University of Cambridge's Yorke Prize 2014
The Informal Constitution: Unwritten Criteria in Selecting Judges for the Supreme Court of India
by Abhinav ChandrachudEnacted for historical reasons on 26 January 1950, the Constitution of India provided that the Supreme Court of India, situated in New Delhi, was to have one Chief Justice of India, and not more than seven judges. Today, the Court has 33 judges in addition to the Chief Justice of India. But who are these judges, and where did they come from? Its central thesis is that despite all established formal constitutional requirements, there are three informal criteria which are used for appointing judges to the Supreme Court: age, seniority, and diversity. The author examines debates surrounding the Indian judicial system since the institution of the federal court during the British Raj. This leads to a study of the political developments that resulted in the present 'collegium system' of appointing judges to the Supreme Court of India. Based on more than two dozen interviews personally conducted by the author with former judges of the Supreme Court of India, this book uniquely brings to the fore the unwritten criteria that have determined the selection of judges to the highest court of law in this country for over six decades.
Informal Economies and Power: Rethinking Informality, Resilience And Violence In Kosovo (RIPE Series in Global Political Economy)
by Anna DanielssonThe global ubiquity of informal economic activities has turned informality into a key policy question, not least in international peace- and state-building. This book explores a core aspect of economic informality: its resilience despite comprehensive international anti-informality operations. Using Kosovo as an illustrative case, Danielsson suggests that to understand the resilience of informality, two distinct areas of practice need to be studied in conjunction rather than separately. The first concerns the professional practices enacted by international organisations in their attempts to formalise the informal economy in Kosovo. The second area of practice concerns the everyday informal economic practices of social agents in Kosovo. To study these areas of practice at their junction, Danielsson uses Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic power and argues that in post-conflict Kosovo, the distinct practices have become interwoven and co-constitutive of a novel ordering and meaning of informality. The resilience of the informal thus plays out through – while undermining and reinforcing the need of – the international anti-informality operations. Including scholarship from global governance, global political economy and social theory, this book’s original perspective on informal economies and power will appeal to scholars and professionals located in peace studies, development studies, and the field of international relations.
Informal Economies and Power (RIPE Series in Global Political Economy)
by Anna DanielssonThe global ubiquity of informal economic activities has turned informality into a key policy question, not least in international peace- and state-building. This book explores a core aspect of economic informality: its resilience despite comprehensive international anti-informality operations. Using Kosovo as an illustrative case, Danielsson suggests that to understand the resilience of informality, two distinct areas of practice need to be studied in conjunction rather than separately. The first concerns the professional practices enacted by international organisations in their attempts to formalise the informal economy in Kosovo. The second area of practice concerns the everyday informal economic practices of social agents in Kosovo. To study these areas of practice at their junction, Danielsson uses Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic power and argues that in post-conflict Kosovo, the distinct practices have become interwoven and co-constitutive of a novel ordering and meaning of informality. The resilience of the informal thus plays out through – while undermining and reinforcing the need of – the international anti-informality operations. Including scholarship from global governance, global political economy and social theory, this book’s original perspective on informal economies and power will appeal to scholars and professionals located in peace studies, development studies, and the field of international relations.
Informal Justice in Contemporary Society: A Multicultural City in Israel
by Dr Lee Li-OnDrawing on an ethnographic study in a multicultural city of Arabs and Jews in Israel, this book examines the models and expressions of power implicated in discourse and conflict resolution practices in cross cultural contemporary community. The author explores community politics expressed in daily life as a contextual background to the analysis of conflict resolution politics, exploring perspectives of state and civic stakeholders. Through case analysis, and addressing the individual, organisational and societal levels, Dr Li-On illustrates that conflict resolution is dominated by politics, with culture, ethnicity, and identity playing a significant role; disputing groups rely on conflict resolution to achieve contesting socio-political goals. The book explores core concerns in the field, illustrating obstacles, challenges and opportunities confronting informal justice in contemporary communities. Informal Justice in Contemporary Society is motivated by the field's research-practice gap and the lack of real world impact research in cross-cultural settings. The book contributes insights towards theory refinement and conflict resolution practice by addressing practical issues confronted by mediators in the field. This innovative research path introduces a holistic approach to the study of informal justice in social context, deploying multilevel ethnographic analysis to broaden the perspectives and understanding of conflict resolution in contemporary communities. Locally, it provides insights into conflict resolution in Israel in a mixed city of Arabs and Jews. This book belongs on the reference shelf of essential reading for educators, researchers and practitioners in conflict resolution and social studies, including anthropological, community, legal and cultural fields.
Informal Justice in Divided Societies: Northern Ireland and South Africa (Ethnic and Intercommunity Conflict)
by C. Knox R. MonaghanInformal Justice in Divided Societies examines the ways in which paramilitary and vigilante activity are linked with controlling community crime in both Northern Ireland and South Africa. Drawing upon original research, Colin Knox and Rachel Monaghan analyze the agents of informal justice, its victims and why communities endorse this form of retribution. They conclude the book with a wider debate of the abuse of human rights suffered by many victims of community crime and tentatively highlight future policy implications.
Informal Marriage, Cohabitation and the Law 1750–1989
by Stephen ParkerBy the author of "Cohabitees", this book traces the boundaries of legal marriage since the Industrial Revolution, from informal marriage practices to modern cohabitation. Changes are placed in their economic, political and social contexts, seen to be the product of class and gender conflict.
Informal Networks and Organizational Change: Positive Contributions and the Role of Identification (BestMasters)
by Lukas KocherThis thesis examines the role of informal employee networks and their potential positive contributions to a successful implementation of disruptive organizational change. It relies on an in-depth analysis of qualitative data, collected in 13 semi-structured interviews. The findings show that in times of organizational change, employees countervail the capacities of their informal networks to optimize organizational effectiveness and efficiency against the effectiveness and efficiency of prevalent formal organizational structures. A central dynamic also detected in the findings is the role of organizational identification as a key driver to engage in informal networks to positively support an organization’s change process implementation.
Informal Reckonings: Conflict Resolution in Mediation, Restorative Justice, and Reparations
by Andrew Woolford R.S. RatnerThe 'reparational turn' in the field of law has resulted in the increased use of so-called 'informal' approaches to conflict resolution, including primarily the three mechanisms considered in this book: mediation, restorative justice and reparations. While proponents of these mechanisms have acclaimed their communicative and democratic promise, critics have charged that mediation, restorative justice and reparations all potentially serve as means for encouraging citizens to internalize and mimic the rationalities of governance. Indeed, the critics suggest that informal justice's supposed oppositional relationship to formal justice is, at base, a mutually reinforcing one, in which each system relies on the other for its effective operation, rather than the two being locked in a struggle for dominance. This book contributes to the discussion of the confluence of informal and formal justice by providing a clearer picture of the justice 'field' through the notion of the 'informal/formal justice complex.' This term, adapted from Garland and Sparks (2000), describes a cultural formation in which adversarial/punitive and conciliatory/restorative justice forms coexist in relative harmony despite their apparent contradictions. Situating this complex within the context of neoliberalism, this book identifies the points of rupture in the informal/formal justice complex to pinpoint how and where a truly alternative and 'transformative' justice (i.e. a justice that challenges and counters the hegemony of formal legal practices, opening the field of law to a broader array of actors and ideas) might be established through the tools of mediation, restorative justice and reparations.
Informal Reckonings: Conflict Resolution in Mediation, Restorative Justice, and Reparations
by Andrew Woolford R.S. RatnerThe 'reparational turn' in the field of law has resulted in the increased use of so-called 'informal' approaches to conflict resolution, including primarily the three mechanisms considered in this book: mediation, restorative justice and reparations. While proponents of these mechanisms have acclaimed their communicative and democratic promise, critics have charged that mediation, restorative justice and reparations all potentially serve as means for encouraging citizens to internalize and mimic the rationalities of governance. Indeed, the critics suggest that informal justice's supposed oppositional relationship to formal justice is, at base, a mutually reinforcing one, in which each system relies on the other for its effective operation, rather than the two being locked in a struggle for dominance. This book contributes to the discussion of the confluence of informal and formal justice by providing a clearer picture of the justice 'field' through the notion of the 'informal/formal justice complex.' This term, adapted from Garland and Sparks (2000), describes a cultural formation in which adversarial/punitive and conciliatory/restorative justice forms coexist in relative harmony despite their apparent contradictions. Situating this complex within the context of neoliberalism, this book identifies the points of rupture in the informal/formal justice complex to pinpoint how and where a truly alternative and 'transformative' justice (i.e. a justice that challenges and counters the hegemony of formal legal practices, opening the field of law to a broader array of actors and ideas) might be established through the tools of mediation, restorative justice and reparations.
The Informalisation of the EU's External Action in the Field of Migration and Asylum (Global Europe: Legal and Policy Issues of the EU’s External Action #1)
by Eva Kassoti Narin IdrizThis contributed volume examines the trend whereby the EU resorts ever more often to informal arrangements and deals with third countries in an effort to curb and manage migration flows towards the EU and facilitate the return of irregular migrants to their countries of origin or transit. The perceived success of the EU-Turkey deal provided a strong impetus for the continuation of this trend. The contributions collected and presented in this book aim to shed light on the implications of this trend for the EU constitutional order, the human rights of those affected by these deals, the third countries with which the EU cooperates, and the global refugee protection regime. They demonstrate how these deals raise more issues than they solve; by, for instance, sidestepping established Treaty rules and procedures, violating the human rights of those affected, and overburdening the nascent migration and asylum systems of third country partners. This book, the first volume to appear in the Global Europe Series, will be of great interest to researchers and policy makers working in the field of migration and asylum.Eva Kassoti and Narin Idriz work in the Research Department of the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague.
Informants, Cooperating Witnesses, and Undercover Investigations: A Practical Guide to Law, Policy, and Procedure, Second Edition
by Dennis G. Fitzgerald Simon CoffeyThe use of informants has been described as the "black hole of law enforcement." Failures in the training of police officers and federal agents in the recruitment and operation of informants has undermined costly long-term investigations, destroyed the careers of prosecutors and law enforcement officers, and caused death and serious injuries to inn
Informatics and the Digital Society: Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology #116)
by Tom J. Van Weert Robert K. MunroSECIII-Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT Welcome to the post-conference book of SECIII, the IFIP Open Conference on Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) which took place from July 22-26, 2002 at the University of Dortmund, Germany, in co-operation with the German computer society (Gesellschaft flir Informatik). Unlike most international conferences, those organised within the IFIP education community are active events. This wasn't a dry academic conference - teachers, lecturers and curriculum experts, policy makers, researchers and manufacturers mingled and worked together to explore, reflect and discuss social, ethical and cognitive issues. The added value lies in what they, the participants, took away in new ideas for future research and practice, and in the new networks that were formed, both virtual and real. In addition to Keynote Addresses and Paper Presentations from international authors, there were Provocative Paper sessions, Case Studies, Focussed Debates and Creative Exchange sessions as well as professional Working Groups who debated particular themes. The Focussed Debate sessions helped to stimulate the sense of engagement among conference participants. A Market Place with follow-up Working Groups was a positive highlight and galvanised participants to produce interesting reports. These were presented to the conference on its last day. Cross-fertilisation between the papers generated some surprising and useful cross-referencing and a plethora of social, ethical and cognitive issues emerged in the discussions that followed the paper presentations.
Informatics and the Foundations of Legal Reasoning (Law and Philosophy Library #21)
by UlrikeHahn IanWhite ZenonBankowskiInformatics and the Foundations of Legal Reasoning represents a close collaboration between a wide range of disciplines and countries. Fourteen papers, together with a long analytical introduction by the editors, were selected from the contributions of legal theorists, computer scientists, philosophers and logicians who were members of an International Working Group supported by the European Commission. The Group was mandated to work towards determining how far the law is amenable to formal modeling, and in what ways computers might assist legal thinking and practice. The book is the result of discussions held by the Group over two and half years. It will help students and researchers from different backgrounds to focus on a common set of topics of increasing general interest. It embodies the results of work in progress and suggests many issues for further discussion. A stimulating text for undergraduate and graduate courses in law, philosophy and computer science departments, as well as for those interested in the place of computers in legal practice, especially at the international level.