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The Iowa State Constitution (Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States)

The Iowa State Constitution provides the most comprehensive analysis of Iowa's constitutional history and the development of its individual provisions. Todd E. Pettys presents a completely revised second edition with an extensive overview of Iowa's constitutional historical origin and evolution, while discussing cases of importance. Also included is a new bibliographic essay, table of cases, and a general index, offering significant resources for further study. Accounts of judicial rulings are current through to June 30, 2017, and the author provides frequent updates on his webpage. The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States is an important series that reflects a renewed international interest in constitutional history and provides expert insight into each of the 50 state constitutions. Each volume in this innovative series contains a historical overview of the state's constitutional development, a section-by-section analysis of its current constitution, and a comprehensive guide to further research. Under the expert editorship of Lawrence Friedman, Professor of Law at New England Law | Boston, this series provides essential reference tools for understanding state constitutional law. Books in the series can be purchased individually or as part of a complete set, giving readers unmatched access to these important political documents.

The Iowa State Constitution (Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States)

The Iowa State Constitution provides the most comprehensive analysis of Iowa's constitutional history and the development of its individual provisions. Todd E. Pettys presents a completely revised second edition with an extensive overview of Iowa's constitutional historical origin and evolution, while discussing cases of importance. Also included is a new bibliographic essay, table of cases, and a general index, offering significant resources for further study. Accounts of judicial rulings are current through to June 30, 2017, and the author provides frequent updates on his webpage. The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States is an important series that reflects a renewed international interest in constitutional history and provides expert insight into each of the 50 state constitutions. Each volume in this innovative series contains a historical overview of the state's constitutional development, a section-by-section analysis of its current constitution, and a comprehensive guide to further research. Under the expert editorship of Lawrence Friedman, Professor of Law at New England Law | Boston, this series provides essential reference tools for understanding state constitutional law. Books in the series can be purchased individually or as part of a complete set, giving readers unmatched access to these important political documents.

IP and Antitrust: The Competition Policies of Intellectual Property in Eighty Cases

Consumers can make choices because of the differentiation that is preserved by intellectual property. Competition law informs intellectual property, generally with the intent of ensuring that it achieves this main purpose. However, very often, certain public policies relating to competition interfere with the way intellectual property should normally operate, either with the purpose of reinforcing its differentiating role, or with the objective of submitting it to other public goals – such as access to essential goods and services, or in recognition of situations where a given invention becomes part of a technical standard or is deemed dangerous to health or the environment. This book presents eighty cases that interpret the various public policies that mould the interface of intellectual property law with competition law (or antitrust). Although most cases are from the United States - which has developed an enormously wide wealth of jurisprudence in this area - there are also cases from the European Union, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, South Africa, Brazil, South Korea, India, and Argentina. The author presents the cases under the following general headings: • setting the right dosage (i.e., avoiding too much or too little intellectual property); • setting the standards of differentiation; • refusing to license intellectual property; • licensing (and assigning) intellectual property; • enforcing intellectual property rights; • remedies; • intellectual property in sectors of special public interest; and • technical standards. Revealing in extraordinary depth the tensions behind the values of the free market which intellectual property serves and the variety of responses these tensions provoke, this book may be regarded as a watershed resource regarding the principles and policies that, sometimes coherently, sometimes not, preside over the very complex relationship between intellectual property and antitrust. It is sure to be greatly valued by all professionals in both fields, from practitioners to policymakers, as well as by academics.

IP and Other Things: A Collection of Essays and Speeches

The Rt Hon Professor Sir Robin Jacob has been variously a leading member of the Intellectual Property Bar, a High Court judge and, as Lord Justice Jacob, a judge in the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. His primary area of expertise is intellectual property (IP) rights. He chose to leave the Court of Appeal in March 2011 to take up his current position as the Sir Hugh Laddie Chair in intellectual property at University College London. Besides teaching and writing he still sits occasionally in the Court of Appeal, sits as an arbitrator, provides expert evidence, chairs the Advisory Committee on the Appointment and Training of the Judges of the Unified Patent Court and often advises the UK Government and EU Commission on IP matters. These essays and speeches, selected from his published and unpublished writings and lectures, illustrate the breadth of his learning in IP and other matters. They are written in typically straightforward and entertaining style and, in the case of the older essays, include a commentary of what has happened since they were first published. They will be of interest to any lawyer, law student or scholar interested in the development of IP law in the past quarter century or so.

IP and Other Things: A Collection of Essays and Speeches

The Rt Hon Professor Sir Robin Jacob has been variously a leading member of the Intellectual Property Bar, a High Court judge and, as Lord Justice Jacob, a judge in the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. His primary area of expertise is intellectual property (IP) rights. He chose to leave the Court of Appeal in March 2011 to take up his current position as the Sir Hugh Laddie Chair in intellectual property at University College London. Besides teaching and writing he still sits occasionally in the Court of Appeal, sits as an arbitrator, provides expert evidence, chairs the Advisory Committee on the Appointment and Training of the Judges of the Unified Patent Court and often advises the UK Government and EU Commission on IP matters. These essays and speeches, selected from his published and unpublished writings and lectures, illustrate the breadth of his learning in IP and other matters. They are written in typically straightforward and entertaining style and, in the case of the older essays, include a commentary of what has happened since they were first published. They will be of interest to any lawyer, law student or scholar interested in the development of IP law in the past quarter century or so.

IP Laws and Regimes in Major Asian Economies: Combing through Thousand Threads of IP to Peace in Asia

This book systematically studies the structural characteristics of IP laws and regimes of major Asian economies, including (but not always) China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. It explores and crystallizes some worthy Asian models which could further help the development of international IP laws. This book begins with an overview of Asian modern history and IP laws. It discusses the three basic IP laws in Asia which are patent law, trademark law and copyright law. It looks at the pre-established damages for copyright infringement and trademark counterfeiting. The book also deals with problems with trade secret and its over-protection. It compares IP laws and four industries in India and China, and examines what role have IP laws played in the development in those industries and how India and China can learn from each other. Finally, it examines one medium and one small-sized Asian economy on its respective struggle (Taiwan’s efforts to build a coherent IP exhaustion regime) and a success story (how Singapore has utilized IP to secure its position in global value chains). This book is a useful reference for law students, scholars, practitioners, IP professionals who are interested in knowing Asia, Asian IP laws and industries, their struggles and finding ways to better global IP laws. The case studies could provide helpful lessons for other Asian economies and beyond.

IP Laws and Regimes in Major Asian Economies: Combing through Thousand Threads of IP to Peace in Asia

This book systematically studies the structural characteristics of IP laws and regimes of major Asian economies, including (but not always) China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. It explores and crystallizes some worthy Asian models which could further help the development of international IP laws. This book begins with an overview of Asian modern history and IP laws. It discusses the three basic IP laws in Asia which are patent law, trademark law and copyright law. It looks at the pre-established damages for copyright infringement and trademark counterfeiting. The book also deals with problems with trade secret and its over-protection. It compares IP laws and four industries in India and China, and examines what role have IP laws played in the development in those industries and how India and China can learn from each other. Finally, it examines one medium and one small-sized Asian economy on its respective struggle (Taiwan’s efforts to build a coherent IP exhaustion regime) and a success story (how Singapore has utilized IP to secure its position in global value chains). This book is a useful reference for law students, scholars, practitioners, IP professionals who are interested in knowing Asia, Asian IP laws and industries, their struggles and finding ways to better global IP laws. The case studies could provide helpful lessons for other Asian economies and beyond.

IP-Management à la Norm: Erläuterungen zur neuen DIN 77006 (essentials)

Das essential führt in die Aufgabenstellung eines qualitätsvollen Managements des geistigen Eigentums (engl. Intellectual Property = IP) ein und gibt Anregungen für die Nutzung der Norm. IP ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Unternehmensvermögens. Sein Wert nimmt nicht nur in der Wahrnehmung Interessierter zu. Er übersteigt häufig den des Sach- und Finanzvermögens. Das Bedürfnis nach einem qualitätsvollen Management von IP (IPM) nimmt seit der Jahrhundertwende deutlich zu. Das war Grund für das Deutsche Institut für Normung (DIN), die DIN-Norm 77006 über Anforderungen an Qualität im IPM zu schaffen. Diese Norm ist kürzlich veröffentlicht worden. Sie ist sowohl Aufstellung der Anforderungen an ein qualitätsvolles IPM als auch Leitfaden für Aufbau und Handhabung eines solchen IPM.

Ipso Factos: EU Law

EU Law: A Practical Guide covers the core principles of EU law from an Irish law perspective in a simple, clear and succinct manner. As EU law is a complex area this text presents the law in straightforward and concise language.EU Law: A Practical Guide covers the essential points of the law and is ideal as an introductory text and a revision aid for students for exam purposes.The text reflects the subject requirements of the EU law undergraduate courses students need to be familiar with and include additional chapters benefiting students sitting professional exams in Blackhall Place (Law Society of Ireland).The book includes commentary on Irish case law relevant to students studying EU Law at Irish universities and colleges or for Irish professional exams such as Blackhall Place and King's Inns entrance exams. This unique commentary contains specific chapters on supremacy and competition law, important exam areas in the Irish exam syllabus. Contents:1. The History of the European Union2. The EU Institutions3. Sources of EU Law4. The Law Making Process5. Supremacy6. Preliminary Rulings7. Direct Effect8. Enforcement of EU Law9. Judicial Review10. Environmental Law11. Free Movement of Goods12. Free Movement of Persons13. Competition Law14. State Aid15. Mergers16. Equality17. Fundamental Rights

IQWiG und Industrie – Rechtliche Fragen zum Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (MedR Schriftenreihe Medizinrecht)

Das Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG) ist eine innovative Konstruktion, die zahlreiche Rechtsfragen aufwirft. Dieses Buch untersucht Aufgaben, Struktur und Rechtsnatur des IQWiG, die rechtlichen Anforderungen an das Bewertungsverfahren und gibt Aufschluss über die Möglichkeiten des Rechtsschutzes der betroffenen Patientenkreise und pharmazeutischen Unternehmen. Die rechtlich fundierten Darstellungen enthalten auch zahlreiche Ratschläge für das praktische Vorgehen in einem Bewertungsverfahren.

Iran and the Challenge of Diversity: Islamic Fundamentalism, Aryanist Racism, and Democratic Struggles

This interrogates the racist construction of Aria and Aryanism in an Iranian context, arguing that these concepts gave the Indo-European speaking Persian ethnic group an advantage over Iran's non-Persian nationalities and communities.

Iran between Islamic Nationalism and Secularism: The Constitutional Revolution of 1906 (British Institute of Persian Studies)

With the ratification of a new constitution in December 1906, Iran embarked on a great movement of systemic and institutional change which, along with the introduction of new ideas, was to be one of the most abiding legacies of the first Iranian revolution – known as the Constitutional Revolution. This uprising was significant not only for introducing secular understandings of government, but also Islamic visions of what could constitute a national assembly. The events of the Constitutional Revolution in Tehran have been much discussed, but the provinces, despite their crucial role in the revolution, have received less attention. Here, Vanessa Martin seeks to redress this imbalance. She does so firstly by analysing the role of the Islamic debate in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and its relationship with secular ideas, and secondly by examining the ramifications of this debate in the main cities of Tabriz, Shiraz, Isfahan and Bushehr. By exploring the interaction between Islam and secularism during this tumultuous time, Iran between Islamic Nationalism and Secularism concludes that in each province, the Constitutional Revolution took on a character of its own.

The Iran Nuclear Issue (Documents in International Law)

Controversy over the Iranian nuclear policy has been mounting in both legal and political circles since the early 2000s. Most recently, the IAEA, tasked with verifying compliance of Member States with the NPT, has been expressing concern that Iran's nuclear efforts are directed not solely at peaceful uses but also at military purposes. In response, various States have tried, individually and collectively, to engage Iran in agreed frameworks of action that would include an Iranian self-imposed restraint regarding its nuclear development. This volume documents the Iranian nuclear issue, tracing the evolution of international interest and concern with Iran's nuclear policy since the 1970s, when Iran began earnest efforts to acquire nuclear capabilities. Emphasis is placed on events since 2002-2003, when it was established that Iran had concealed certain aspects of its nuclear activities from IAEA. Alongside reports of the IAEA and Security Council documents, the volume covers diverse sources rather than relying solely on UN organs and agencies, international organisations or dedicated ad hoc bodies.

Iranian Cinema Uncensored: Contemporary Film-makers since the Islamic Revolution (International Library of the Moving Image (PDF))

The New Iranian Cinema is considered by many to be the most fascinating cultural phenomenon produced within the Islamic Republic of Iran. Containing twelve first-hand interviews with the most renowned film-makers living and working in contemporary Iran, this book provides insights into film-making within a society often at odds with its rulers. Reflecting upon the 1979 revolution and its influence on their work, as well as the effect of their films on Iranian audiences, film-makers such as Abbas Kiarostami and Jafar Panahi highlight the key issues surrounding the reception of Iranian cinema in the West and also its role in the development of Iran's global image. Through these conversations Shiva Rahbaran reveals that the seeds of the New Iranian Cinema were sown long before the revolution, and that Iranian film-makers gave rise to a cinema which became a global phenomenon despite censorship, sanctions and political isolation.

Iran's Nuclear Program and International Law: From Confrontation to Accord

This book provides an international legal analysis of the most important questions regarding Iran's nuclear program since 2002. Setting these legal questions in their historical and diplomatic context, this book aims to clarify how the relevant sources of international law - including primarily the 1968 Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and IAEA treaty law - should be properly applied in the context of the Iran case. It provides an instructional case study of the application of these sources of international law, the lessons which can be applied to inform both the on-going legal and diplomatic dynamics surrounding the Iran nuclear dispute itself, as well as similar future cases. Some questions raised regard the watershed diplomatic accord reached between Iran and Western states in July, 2015, known as the Joint Comprehensive Program of Action. The answers will be of interests to diplomats and academics, as well as to anyone who is interested in understanding international law's application to this sensitive dispute in international relations.

IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM & INTERNAT LAW C: From Confrontation to Accord

This book provides an international legal analysis of the most important questions regarding Iran's nuclear program since 2002. Setting these legal questions in their historical and diplomatic context, this book aims to clarify how the relevant sources of international law - including primarily the 1968 Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and IAEA treaty law - should be properly applied in the context of the Iran case. It provides an instructional case study of the application of these sources of international law, the lessons which can be applied to inform both the on-going legal and diplomatic dynamics surrounding the Iran nuclear dispute itself, as well as similar future cases. Some questions raised regard the watershed diplomatic accord reached between Iran and Western states in July, 2015, known as the Joint Comprehensive Program of Action. The answers will be of interests to diplomats and academics, as well as to anyone who is interested in understanding international law's application to this sensitive dispute in international relations.

Iraq and the Use of Force in International Law

The prohibition of the use of force is one of the most crucial elements of the international legal order. Our understanding of that rule was both advanced and challenged during the period commencing with the termination of the Iran-Iraq war and the invasion of Kuwait, and concluding with the invasion and occupation of Iraq. The initial phase was characterized by hopes for a functioning collective security system administered by the United Nations as part of a New World Order. The liberation of Kuwait, in particular, was seen by some as a powerful vindication of the prohibition of the use of force and of the UN Security Council. However, the operation was not really conducted in accordance with the requirements for collective security established in the UN Charter. In a second phase, an international coalition launched a humanitarian intervention operation, first in the north of Iraq, and subsequently in the south. That episode is often seen as the fountainhead of the post-Cold War claim to a new legal justification for the use of force in circumstances of grave humanitarian emergency-a claim subsequent challenged during the armed action concerning Kosovo. There then followed repeated uses of force against Iraq in the context of the international campaign to remove its present or future weapons of mass destruction potential. Finally, the episode reached its controversial zenith with the full scale invasion of Iraq led by the US and the UK in 2003. This book analyzes these developments, and their impact on the rule prohibiting force in international relations, in a comprehensive and accessible way. It is the first to draw upon classified materials released by the UK Chilcot inquiry shedding light on the decision to go to war in 2003 and the role played by international law in that context.

The Iraq War and International Law

The decision by the US and UK governments to use military force against Iraq in 2003 and the subsequent occupation and administration of that State, has brought into sharp focus fundamental fault lines in international law. The decision to invade, the conduct of the war and occupation and the mechanisms used to administer the country all challenge the international legal community placing it at a crossroads. When can the use of force be justified? What are the limits of military operations? What strength does international criminal law possess in the face of such interventions? How effective is the international regime of human rights in these circumstances? What role does domestic law have to play? How the law now responds and develops in the light of these matters will be of fundamental global importance for the 21st century and an issue of considerable political and legal concern. This book explores this legal territory by examining a number of issues fundamental to the future direction of international law in the War's aftermath. Consideration is also given to the impact on UK law. Both practical and academic perspectives are taken in order to scrutinise key questions and consider the possible trajectories that international law might now follow.

Iraq’s Oil and Gas Industry: The Legal and Contractual Framework (Routledge Research in Energy Law and Regulation)

Oil, an integral part of the contemporary global economy, is considered a driving force behind the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Hydrocarbon reserves in Iraq have a significant role to play in global supply, with oil revenue accounting for more than 90% of Iraqi government income. This book provides a comprehensive insight into the key foundations of Iraq’s oil industry and assists in the development of a core area of domestic law to promote economic recovery following years of instability. It addresses the development of oil legislation and the formation of contracts since the US and allied occupation of Iraq in 2003. Legislation is assessed against the framework of the constitution along with the different types of oil agreements and their terms. The book looks at three main aspects of oil legislation, beginning with the validity and interpretation of the constitution as any subsequent legislation governing oil policy will be based upon this. The work then discusses whether the draft oil and gas law of 2007 and any subsequent oil legislation, including the law implemented by the Kurdish Regional Government in 2007, is valid. Finally, the book analyses the legitimacy of oil agreements entered into by the central and regional governments and whether these contain terms beneficial to the state and contracting party. Providing an in-depth analysis of the origins and development of the legal framework of the oil industry in Iraq, the book acts as both a reference source and a springboard for future research across a range of legal, economic and policy perspectives. It will appeal to practitioners and academics working in energy law and international investment law, as well as policy-makers, legal advisors and those working in governments and energy companies.

Iraq’s Oil and Gas Industry: The Legal and Contractual Framework (Routledge Research in Energy Law and Regulation)

Oil, an integral part of the contemporary global economy, is considered a driving force behind the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Hydrocarbon reserves in Iraq have a significant role to play in global supply, with oil revenue accounting for more than 90% of Iraqi government income. This book provides a comprehensive insight into the key foundations of Iraq’s oil industry and assists in the development of a core area of domestic law to promote economic recovery following years of instability. It addresses the development of oil legislation and the formation of contracts since the US and allied occupation of Iraq in 2003. Legislation is assessed against the framework of the constitution along with the different types of oil agreements and their terms. The book looks at three main aspects of oil legislation, beginning with the validity and interpretation of the constitution as any subsequent legislation governing oil policy will be based upon this. The work then discusses whether the draft oil and gas law of 2007 and any subsequent oil legislation, including the law implemented by the Kurdish Regional Government in 2007, is valid. Finally, the book analyses the legitimacy of oil agreements entered into by the central and regional governments and whether these contain terms beneficial to the state and contracting party. Providing an in-depth analysis of the origins and development of the legal framework of the oil industry in Iraq, the book acts as both a reference source and a springboard for future research across a range of legal, economic and policy perspectives. It will appeal to practitioners and academics working in energy law and international investment law, as well as policy-makers, legal advisors and those working in governments and energy companies.

Ireland and the Magdalene Laundries: A Campaign for Justice

Between 1922 and 1996, over 10,000 girls and women were imprisoned in Magdalene Laundries, including those considered 'promiscuous', a burden to their families or the state, those who had been sexually abused or raised in the care of the Church and State, and unmarried mothers. These girls and women were subjected to forced labour as well as psychological and physical maltreatment. Using the Irish State's own report into the Magdalene institutions, as well as testimonies from survivors and independent witnesses, this book gives a detailed account of life behind the high walls of Ireland's Magdalene institutions. The book offers an overview of the social, cultural and political contexts of institutional survivor activism, the Irish State's response culminating in the The Ryan Report, and the formation of the Justice for Magdalenes campaign, a volunteer-run survivor advocacy group.Ireland and the Magdalene Laundries documents the ongoing work carried out by the Justice for Magdalenes group in advancing public knowledge and research into Magdalene Laundries, and how the Irish State continues to evade its responsibilities not just to survivors of the Magdalenes but also in providing a truthful account of what happened. Drawing from a variety of primary sources, this book reveals the fundamental flaws in the state's investigation and how the treatment of the burials, exhumation and cremation of former Magdalene women remains a deeply troubling issue today, emblematic of the system of torture and studious official neglect in which the Magdalene women lived their lives.The Authors are donating all royalties in the name of the women who were held in the Magdalenes to EPIC (Empowering People in Care).

Ireland and the Magdalene Laundries: A Campaign for Justice

Between 1922 and 1996, over 10,000 girls and women were imprisoned in Magdalene Laundries, including those considered 'promiscuous', a burden to their families or the state, those who had been sexually abused or raised in the care of the Church and State, and unmarried mothers. These girls and women were subjected to forced labour as well as psychological and physical maltreatment. Using the Irish State's own report into the Magdalene institutions, as well as testimonies from survivors and independent witnesses, this book gives a detailed account of life behind the high walls of Ireland's Magdalene institutions. The book offers an overview of the social, cultural and political contexts of institutional survivor activism, the Irish State's response culminating in the The Ryan Report, and the formation of the Justice for Magdalenes campaign, a volunteer-run survivor advocacy group.Ireland and the Magdalene Laundries documents the ongoing work carried out by the Justice for Magdalenes group in advancing public knowledge and research into Magdalene Laundries, and how the Irish State continues to evade its responsibilities not just to survivors of the Magdalenes but also in providing a truthful account of what happened. Drawing from a variety of primary sources, this book reveals the fundamental flaws in the state's investigation and how the treatment of the burials, exhumation and cremation of former Magdalene women remains a deeply troubling issue today, emblematic of the system of torture and studious official neglect in which the Magdalene women lived their lives.The Authors are donating all royalties in the name of the women who were held in the Magdalenes to EPIC (Empowering People in Care).

Iris Murdoch: Figures Of Good

Iris Murdoch: A Reassessment

This book is an eclectic mix of essays that reposition Murdoch's work in relation to current debates in philosophy, theology, literature, gender and sexuality, and authorship. The essays refine, develop or contest previous readings, and blur the distinction between liberal humanist and theoretical positions, suggesting negotiations between them.

Iris Murdoch and Morality

Iris Murdoch and Morality provides a close focus on moral issues in Murdoch's novels, philosophy and theology. It situates Murdoch within current theoretical debates and develops an understanding of her work as a crucial link between twentieth and twenty-first century writing and theory.