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The Making of the Test Ban Treaty
by Ronald J. TerchekEighteen years after the United States presented its plan for the international control of atomic energy to the United Nations, the first major arms control agreement was signed between the United States and the Soviet Union. Including Great Britain, the three major nuclear powers pledged to refrain from nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater in a treaty negotiated in Moscow within two weeks during the summer of 1963. It was hoped that the treaty would at least discourage those phases of the arms race which required large-yield nuclear explosions in the atmosphere or outer space as well as eliminate further radioactive pollution of the atmos phere. In addition, the test ban would discourage, though not eliminate, the development of nuclear weapons by other treaty adherents because the un derground testing allowed under the terms of the document would escalate already heavy costs for countries intending to conduct their first nuclear tests. The Kennedy administration expected other agreements to follow the test ban treaty, particularly an agreement to keep outer space free from 1 nuclear warheads and to outlaw underground tests in the near future. But one of the most important anticipated benefits of the treaty was the expected improvement of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. The treaty was important not only because it was a tangible breakthrough in East-West arms-control negotiations but also because of its implications for domestic and international politics.
The Making of Tocqueville's America: Law and Association in the Early United States (American Beginnings, 1500-1900)
by Kevin ButterfieldAlexis de Tocqueville was among the first to draw attention to Americans’ propensity to form voluntary associations—and to join them with a fervor and frequency unmatched anywhere in the world. For nearly two centuries, we have sought to understand how and why early nineteenth-century Americans were, in Tocqueville’s words, “forever forming associations.” In The Making of Tocqueville’s America, Kevin Butterfield argues that to understand this, we need to first ask: what did membership really mean to the growing number of affiliated Americans? Butterfield explains that the first generations of American citizens found in the concept of membership—in churches, fraternities, reform societies, labor unions, and private business corporations—a mechanism to balance the tension between collective action and personal autonomy, something they accomplished by emphasizing law and procedural fairness. As this post-Revolutionary procedural culture developed, so too did the legal substructure of American civil society. Tocqueville, then, was wrong to see associations as the training ground for democracy, where people learned to honor one another’s voices and perspectives. Rather, they were the training ground for something no less valuable to the success of the American democratic experiment: increasingly formal and legalistic relations among people.
The Making of Tocqueville's America: Law and Association in the Early United States (American Beginnings, 1500-1900)
by Kevin ButterfieldAlexis de Tocqueville was among the first to draw attention to Americans’ propensity to form voluntary associations—and to join them with a fervor and frequency unmatched anywhere in the world. For nearly two centuries, we have sought to understand how and why early nineteenth-century Americans were, in Tocqueville’s words, “forever forming associations.” In The Making of Tocqueville’s America, Kevin Butterfield argues that to understand this, we need to first ask: what did membership really mean to the growing number of affiliated Americans? Butterfield explains that the first generations of American citizens found in the concept of membership—in churches, fraternities, reform societies, labor unions, and private business corporations—a mechanism to balance the tension between collective action and personal autonomy, something they accomplished by emphasizing law and procedural fairness. As this post-Revolutionary procedural culture developed, so too did the legal substructure of American civil society. Tocqueville, then, was wrong to see associations as the training ground for democracy, where people learned to honor one another’s voices and perspectives. Rather, they were the training ground for something no less valuable to the success of the American democratic experiment: increasingly formal and legalistic relations among people.
The Making of Tocqueville's America: Law and Association in the Early United States (American Beginnings, 1500-1900)
by Kevin ButterfieldAlexis de Tocqueville was among the first to draw attention to Americans’ propensity to form voluntary associations—and to join them with a fervor and frequency unmatched anywhere in the world. For nearly two centuries, we have sought to understand how and why early nineteenth-century Americans were, in Tocqueville’s words, “forever forming associations.” In The Making of Tocqueville’s America, Kevin Butterfield argues that to understand this, we need to first ask: what did membership really mean to the growing number of affiliated Americans? Butterfield explains that the first generations of American citizens found in the concept of membership—in churches, fraternities, reform societies, labor unions, and private business corporations—a mechanism to balance the tension between collective action and personal autonomy, something they accomplished by emphasizing law and procedural fairness. As this post-Revolutionary procedural culture developed, so too did the legal substructure of American civil society. Tocqueville, then, was wrong to see associations as the training ground for democracy, where people learned to honor one another’s voices and perspectives. Rather, they were the training ground for something no less valuable to the success of the American democratic experiment: increasingly formal and legalistic relations among people.
The Making of Tocqueville's America: Law and Association in the Early United States (American Beginnings, 1500-1900)
by Kevin ButterfieldAlexis de Tocqueville was among the first to draw attention to Americans’ propensity to form voluntary associations—and to join them with a fervor and frequency unmatched anywhere in the world. For nearly two centuries, we have sought to understand how and why early nineteenth-century Americans were, in Tocqueville’s words, “forever forming associations.” In The Making of Tocqueville’s America, Kevin Butterfield argues that to understand this, we need to first ask: what did membership really mean to the growing number of affiliated Americans? Butterfield explains that the first generations of American citizens found in the concept of membership—in churches, fraternities, reform societies, labor unions, and private business corporations—a mechanism to balance the tension between collective action and personal autonomy, something they accomplished by emphasizing law and procedural fairness. As this post-Revolutionary procedural culture developed, so too did the legal substructure of American civil society. Tocqueville, then, was wrong to see associations as the training ground for democracy, where people learned to honor one another’s voices and perspectives. Rather, they were the training ground for something no less valuable to the success of the American democratic experiment: increasingly formal and legalistic relations among people.
Making Public Places Safer: Surveillance and Crime Prevention (Studies in Crime and Public Policy)
by Brandon C. Welsh David P. FarringtonThe United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras-one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video surveillance systems are being installed in town centers, public transportation facilities, and schools at a cost exceeding $100 million annually. And now other Western countries have begun to experiment with CCTV to prevent crime in public places. In light of this expansion and the associated public expenditure, as well as pressing concerns about privacy rights, there is an acute need for an evidence-based approach to inform policy and practice. Drawing on the highest-quality research, criminologists Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington assess the effectiveness and social costs of not only CCTV, but also of other important surveillance methods to prevent crime in public space, such as improved street lighting, security guards, place managers, and defensible space. Importantly, the book goes beyond the question of "Does it work?" and examines the specific conditions and contexts under which these surveillance methods may have an effect on crime as well as the mechanisms that bring about a reduction in crime. At a time when cities need cost-effective methods to fight crime and the public gradually awakens to the burdens of sacrificing their privacy and civil rights for security, Welsh and Farrington provide this timely and reliable guide to the most effective and non-invasive uses of surveillance to make public places safer from crime.
Making Rights Real: Activists, Bureaucrats, and the Creation of the Legalistic State (Chicago Series in Law and Society)
by Charles R. EppIt’s a common complaint: the United States is overrun by rules and procedures that shackle professional judgment, have no valid purpose, and serve only to appease courts and lawyers. Charles R. Epp argues, however, that few Americans would want to return to an era without these legalistic policies, which in the 1970s helped bring recalcitrant bureaucracies into line with a growing national commitment to civil rights and individual dignity. Focusing on three disparate policy areas—workplace sexual harassment, playground safety, and police brutality in both the United States and the United Kingdom—Epp explains how activists and professionals used legal liability, lawsuit-generated publicity, and innovative managerial ideas to pursue the implementation of new rights. Together, these strategies resulted in frameworks designed to make institutions accountable through intricate rules, employee training, and managerial oversight. Explaining how these practices became ubiquitous across bureaucratic organizations, Epp casts today’s legalistic state in an entirely new light.
Making Rights Real: Activists, Bureaucrats, and the Creation of the Legalistic State (Chicago Series in Law and Society)
by Charles R. EppIt’s a common complaint: the United States is overrun by rules and procedures that shackle professional judgment, have no valid purpose, and serve only to appease courts and lawyers. Charles R. Epp argues, however, that few Americans would want to return to an era without these legalistic policies, which in the 1970s helped bring recalcitrant bureaucracies into line with a growing national commitment to civil rights and individual dignity. Focusing on three disparate policy areas—workplace sexual harassment, playground safety, and police brutality in both the United States and the United Kingdom—Epp explains how activists and professionals used legal liability, lawsuit-generated publicity, and innovative managerial ideas to pursue the implementation of new rights. Together, these strategies resulted in frameworks designed to make institutions accountable through intricate rules, employee training, and managerial oversight. Explaining how these practices became ubiquitous across bureaucratic organizations, Epp casts today’s legalistic state in an entirely new light.
Making Rights Real: Activists, Bureaucrats, and the Creation of the Legalistic State (Chicago Series in Law and Society)
by Charles R. EppIt’s a common complaint: the United States is overrun by rules and procedures that shackle professional judgment, have no valid purpose, and serve only to appease courts and lawyers. Charles R. Epp argues, however, that few Americans would want to return to an era without these legalistic policies, which in the 1970s helped bring recalcitrant bureaucracies into line with a growing national commitment to civil rights and individual dignity. Focusing on three disparate policy areas—workplace sexual harassment, playground safety, and police brutality in both the United States and the United Kingdom—Epp explains how activists and professionals used legal liability, lawsuit-generated publicity, and innovative managerial ideas to pursue the implementation of new rights. Together, these strategies resulted in frameworks designed to make institutions accountable through intricate rules, employee training, and managerial oversight. Explaining how these practices became ubiquitous across bureaucratic organizations, Epp casts today’s legalistic state in an entirely new light.
Making Rights Real: The Human Rights Act in its First Decade (Human Rights Law in Perspective)
by Ian Leigh Roger MastermanTen years after the passing of the Human Rights Act 1998, it is timely to evaluate the Act's effectiveness. The focus of Making Rights Real is on the extent to which the Act has delivered on the promise to 'bring rights home'. To that end the book considers how the judiciary, parliament and the executive have performed in the new roles that the Human Rights Act requires them to play and the courts' application of the Act in different legal spheres. This account cuts through the rhetoric and controversy surrounding the Act, generated by its champions and detractors alike, to reach a measured assessment. The true impact in public law, civil law, criminal law and on anti-terrorism legislation are each considered. Finally, the book discusses whether we are now nearer to a new constitutional settlement and to the promised new 'rights culture'.
Making Sense: Conversations on Consciousness, Morality and the Future of Humanity
by Sam Harris"Civilization rests on a series of successful conversations." ? Sam HarrisNeuroscientist, philosopher, podcaster and bestselling author Sam Harris, has been exploring some of the greatest questions concerning the human mind, society, and the events that shape our world.Harris's search for deeper understanding of how we think has led him to engage and exchange with some of our most brilliant and controversial contemporary minds - Daniel Kahneman, Robert Sapolsky, Anil Seth and Max Tegmark - in order to unpack and clarify ideas of consciousness, free will, extremism, and ethical living.For Harris, honest conversation, no matter how difficult or contentious, represents the only path to moral and intellectual progress.Featuring eleven conversations from the hit podcast, these electric exchanges fuse wisdom with rigorous interrogation to shine a light on what it means to make sense of our world today.'I don't have many can't miss podcasts, but Making Sense is right at the top of that short list.' - Stephen Fry'Sam Harris is the most intellectually courageous man I know.' - Richard Dawkins
Making Sense of Advance Directives (Clinical Medical Ethics #2)
by N.M. KingThe first time I read the medical consent and authorization. it had registered in my mind simply as a legal document. Now I began to understand what it meant. It was a letter of ultimate love and trust. (Schucking. 1985. p. 268) Ever since Karen Ann Quinlan slipped into permanent unconsciousness in 1975 and her father agonized publicly over whether she should remain indefinitely on a respirator (In re Quinlan, 1976), the desires of patients, their families, and their friends to limit the application of apparently limitless medical technology have been a pressing concern for ethics, law, and public policy. Ms. Quinlan's case contained nearly all the elements of the problems we still face: vague, general, but sincere prior oral statements suggesting that she would not want continued treatment; a family attempting to do what they saw as best for her; and physicians uncertain whether to use medical judgment alone (and if so, what the "right" medical decision was), to preserve her life at all costs, or to honor the family's interpretation of their daughter's choice. Most ironically, once she was removed from her respirator, she did not die. Karen Quinlan - like dozens of other names made famous by court decisions, newspaper stories, and television evening news - has come to symbolize a tangled knot of issues surrounding the end of life and who controls it.
Making Sense of Affirmative Action
by Kasper Lippert-RasmussenKasper Lippert-Rasmussen here poses the question: "Is affirmative action morally (un)justifiable?" As a phrase that frequently surfaces in major headlines, affirmative action is a highly controversial and far-reaching issue, yet most of the recent scholarly literature surrounding the topic tends to focus on defending one side or another in a particular case of affirmative action. Lippert-Rasmussen instead takes a wide-angle view, addressing each of the prevailing contemporary arguments for and against affirmative action. In his introduction, he proposes an amended definition of affirmative action and considers what forms, from quotas to outreach strategies, may fall under this revised definition. He then analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each position, relative to each other, and applies recent discussions in political philosophy to assess if and how each argument might justify different conclusions given different cases or philosophical frameworks. Each chapter investigates an argument for or against affirmative action. The six arguments for it consist of compensation, anti-discrimination, equality of opportunity, role model, diversity, and integration. The five arguments against it are reverse discrimination, stigma, mismatch, publicity, and merit. Lippert-Rasmussen also expands the discussion to include affirmative action for groups beyond the prototypical examples of African Americans and women, and to consider health and minority languages as possible criteria for inclusion in affirmative action initiatives. Based on the comparative strength of anti-discrimination and equality of opportunity arguments, Making Sense of Affirmative Action ultimately makes a case in favor of affirmative action; however, its originality lies in Lippert-Rasmussen's careful exploration of moral justifiability as a contextual evaluative measure and his insistence that complexity and a comparative focus are inherent to this important issue.
Making Sense of Affirmative Action
by Kasper Lippert-RasmussenKasper Lippert-Rasmussen here poses the question: "Is affirmative action morally (un)justifiable?" As a phrase that frequently surfaces in major headlines, affirmative action is a highly controversial and far-reaching issue, yet most of the recent scholarly literature surrounding the topic tends to focus on defending one side or another in a particular case of affirmative action. Lippert-Rasmussen instead takes a wide-angle view, addressing each of the prevailing contemporary arguments for and against affirmative action. In his introduction, he proposes an amended definition of affirmative action and considers what forms, from quotas to outreach strategies, may fall under this revised definition. He then analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each position, relative to each other, and applies recent discussions in political philosophy to assess if and how each argument might justify different conclusions given different cases or philosophical frameworks. Each chapter investigates an argument for or against affirmative action. The six arguments for it consist of compensation, anti-discrimination, equality of opportunity, role model, diversity, and integration. The five arguments against it are reverse discrimination, stigma, mismatch, publicity, and merit. Lippert-Rasmussen also expands the discussion to include affirmative action for groups beyond the prototypical examples of African Americans and women, and to consider health and minority languages as possible criteria for inclusion in affirmative action initiatives. Based on the comparative strength of anti-discrimination and equality of opportunity arguments, Making Sense of Affirmative Action ultimately makes a case in favor of affirmative action; however, its originality lies in Lippert-Rasmussen's careful exploration of moral justifiability as a contextual evaluative measure and his insistence that complexity and a comparative focus are inherent to this important issue.
Making Sense of European Union Law
by Monica Claes and Ellen VosThis book reflects on selected issues of European law in dialogue with leading legal scholar Bruno De Witte, whose work has enlightened generations of students, scholars and practitioners of European law. The volume is designed to mark the impressive academic oeuvre of a great legal mind and true academic whose elegant and insightful writings have decisively contributed to the advancement of the study of European law.The contributions attempt to 'make sense of European Union law' reflecting Bruno's mission as a legal scholar and commenting on some of the themes that he has worked on: constitutional Europe, differentiated Europe, social and educational Europe and minorities Europe. It culminates in reflections on the very nature of Bruno's scholarship and his academic persona. Not only is this book a public recognition and an expression of appreciation for all that Bruno has offered to the European legal community but also an invitation to challenge the way many scholars think of academic careers and their ways to success.
Making Sense of European Union Law
This book reflects on selected issues of European law in dialogue with leading legal scholar Bruno De Witte, whose work has enlightened generations of students, scholars and practitioners of European law. The volume is designed to mark the impressive academic oeuvre of a great legal mind and true academic whose elegant and insightful writings have decisively contributed to the advancement of the study of European law.The contributions attempt to 'make sense of European Union law' reflecting Bruno's mission as a legal scholar and commenting on some of the themes that he has worked on: constitutional Europe, differentiated Europe, social and educational Europe and minorities Europe. It culminates in reflections on the very nature of Bruno's scholarship and his academic persona. Not only is this book a public recognition and an expression of appreciation for all that Bruno has offered to the European legal community but also an invitation to challenge the way many scholars think of academic careers and their ways to success.
Making Sense of Evil: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Critical Criminological Perspectives)
by Melissa DeareyWhen it comes to crime, everyone seems to take evil seriously as an explanatory concept - except criminologists. This book asks why, and why not, through exploring a variety of interdisciplinary approaches to evil from the perspectives of theology, philosophy, literary and cultural studies, and the social sciences.
Making Sense of Land Law
by April StroudTaking a fresh and innovative approach to the subject, Making Sense of Land Law is an essential textbook designed to help those coming to the subject for the first time. Practical scenarios and diagrams are feature throughout, making the subject come alive. The Q&A-style of debate in the book is unique and takes the reader through the issues step by step. This book is suitable as a core textbook, but also as a revision guide or for self-study.This is an ideal text for a land law module at first or second year level, as part of an LLB degree. Also useful for undergraduates of other related disciplines in which an awareness of land and property law is required in an easy-to-digest and accessible manner, such as planning, estate management and business property and other built environment courses.
Making Sense of Land Law
by April StroudDesigned to enliven the subject of land law for a student audience, Making Sense of Land Law is the ideal companion to an otherwise intricate and occasionally difficult area of law. It is written with the student in mind, taking care to explain the essential concepts in a clear and engaging style, bringing them to life with question and answer debates and real examples, underpinned throughout with the relevant case law and statutory material. The content of the majority of courses in land law is covered, making this an excellent text for use in the lecturehall, but also for independent study or revision where particular topics would benefit from additional explanation. A student can use the book to work through each chapter, stopping to reflect upon learning and understanding before proceeding, and thus building upon knowledge already acquired. Where appropriate, diagrams elucidate processes, showing how the concepts apply in practical scenarios.This new edition has been rigorously updated to ensure that the approach taken provides additional academic insight, many more case references and further reading lists to guide independent research. In addition, the topic of fixtures and fittings is included for the first time.Easy-to-read, yet reliable and accurate enough to support the student coming to this subject for the first time Created to take into account different learning styles, ensuring that the essential points can readily be grasped by a range of readersSections in the book can be worked through step-by-step, encouraging the student to build up a solid understanding of the underlying issues on which to base further learningComplete enough to work well as a main course text, yet sufficiently succinct to support revision or self studyThis new edition contains enhanced references to the main legal authorities in an accessible manner, so that the student is guided through difficult concepts, gaining confidence to access and interpret source materials direct. "By approaching land law in a different way, this book offers a key to unlocking the mystery of land law for students who find the subject impenetrable." C. J. Willmore, School of Law, Bristol University
Making Sense of Land Law
by April StroudTaking a fresh and innovative approach to the subject, Making Sense of Land Law is an essential textbook designed to help those coming to the subject for the first time. Practical scenarios and diagrams are feature throughout, making the subject come alive. The Q&A-style of debate in the book is unique and takes the reader through the issues step by step. This book is suitable as a core textbook, but also as a revision guide or for self-study.This is an ideal text for a land law module at first or second year level, as part of an LLB degree. Also useful for undergraduates of other related disciplines in which an awareness of land and property law is required in an easy-to-digest and accessible manner, such as planning, estate management and business property and other built environment courses. New to this Edition:- Fully revised and updated- The latest on the law of easements- Discussion of the development in constructive and resulting trusts
Making Sense Of Land Law (PDF)
by April StroudWritten with the student in mind, Making Sense of Land Law is an ideal companion to the study of what can be an intricate and occasionally difficult area. The essential concepts are explained in a clear and engaging style, enlivened with question and answer debates and real examples, and underpinned throughout by the relevant case law and statutory material. Making Sense of Land Law makes a very engaging course text. It is also perfect for use as an additional aid to independent study or revision, where particular topics would benefit from additional explanation and understanding. This new edition has been comprehensively updated to feature the latest developments with the subject. Includes a new chapter on constructive and resulting trusts.
Making Sense of Natural Disasters: The Learning Vacuum of Bushfire Public Inquiries
by Graham DwyerThis book examines the ways in which emergency management organizations make sense and learn from natural disasters. Examining recent bushfires in Australia, it demonstrates that whilst public inquiries that follow such disasters can be important for learning and change, they have ultimately created a learning vacuum insofar as their recommendations repeat themselves. This has kept governments and society focused on learning lessons about the past, rather than for the future. Accordingly, this book recommends a new approach to sensemaking and learning focused on prospective planning rather than retrospective recommendations, and where planning for the future is seen as the shared responsibility of the government, society, and the emergency management community in Australia and beyond.
Making Sense of Prostitution
by J. PhoenixThis book provides a compelling analysis of the conditions in which women are sustained within prostitution in Britain at the end of the millennium. Based on a major empirical study, it is a unique glimpse into how some women, who live lives completely torn apart by poverty, violence and criminalization, are able to understand their lives in prostitution and make sense of the choices they make (including their involvement in prostitution) in their struggles to survive.
Making Sense of Stakeholder Management (Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management)
by Brad Sayer John Dumay James Guthrie Laura CorazzaDrawing back on the ever-evolving stakeholder management theory, this book responds to calls for more empirical research into the managerial sense making of the stakeholder concept. The book explores how managers make sense of stakeholder management, especially in complex and challenging business contexts. Therefore, this book contributes to the advancement of the managerial branch of the stakeholder management theory focussing on managers’ sense making intended as how they interpret and understand social interactions. With this book, the authors offer a contribution grounded on the what, why, when, who and how of stakeholder management, which are questions that still arouse considerable interest not only between academics, but also among practitioners.
Making Sense of Stakeholder Management (Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management)
by Brad Sayer John Dumay James Guthrie Laura CorazzaDrawing back on the ever-evolving stakeholder management theory, this book responds to calls for more empirical research into the managerial sense making of the stakeholder concept. The book explores how managers make sense of stakeholder management, especially in complex and challenging business contexts. Therefore, this book contributes to the advancement of the managerial branch of the stakeholder management theory focussing on managers’ sense making intended as how they interpret and understand social interactions. With this book, the authors offer a contribution grounded on the what, why, when, who and how of stakeholder management, which are questions that still arouse considerable interest not only between academics, but also among practitioners.