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Rural and Remote Communities as Non-State Actors: A Legal and Moral Argument (Routledge Research in International Law)
by Ciprian Nicolae Radavoi David PriceWhile entities as different as armed groups, multinational corporations, political parties, megacities, labour unions, terrorist organisations, or indigenous peoples are mentioned as non-state actors in the relevant literature, rural communities are never referred to. This book addresses the role of rural communities as non-state actors, lifting this invisibility veil with arguments coming from three theories of/scholarly approaches to international law: positivism, sociolegal realism (the New Haven School), and constitutionalism. It argues, first, that rural communities are recognised by the community of states as derived subjects of international law since they are made bearers of rights and duties in some major multilateral treaties. Second, rural communities have the ability to affect international lawmaking as they acquire the tools to influence decision-making in international arbitration and court litigation. Finally, the book highlights the need to recognise the status of rural communities when seeking global justice, as these are the communities that benefit the least from globalisation, while paying the highest price in terms of damage to the natural and sociocultural environment. Advocating for the existence of some supreme norms above the will of the states and the recognition of rural communities as non-state actors, this book will be of interest to academics, policy-makers, and non-governmental organisations working in the field of public international law and rural social matters.
Rural and Remote Communities as Non-State Actors: A Legal and Moral Argument (Routledge Research in International Law)
by Ciprian Nicolae Radavoi David PriceWhile entities as different as armed groups, multinational corporations, political parties, megacities, labour unions, terrorist organisations, or indigenous peoples are mentioned as non-state actors in the relevant literature, rural communities are never referred to. This book addresses the role of rural communities as non-state actors, lifting this invisibility veil with arguments coming from three theories of/scholarly approaches to international law: positivism, sociolegal realism (the New Haven School), and constitutionalism. It argues, first, that rural communities are recognised by the community of states as derived subjects of international law since they are made bearers of rights and duties in some major multilateral treaties. Second, rural communities have the ability to affect international lawmaking as they acquire the tools to influence decision-making in international arbitration and court litigation. Finally, the book highlights the need to recognise the status of rural communities when seeking global justice, as these are the communities that benefit the least from globalisation, while paying the highest price in terms of damage to the natural and sociocultural environment. Advocating for the existence of some supreme norms above the will of the states and the recognition of rural communities as non-state actors, this book will be of interest to academics, policy-makers, and non-governmental organisations working in the field of public international law and rural social matters.
Rural Landscapes and Agricultural Policies in Europe
by Annette Piorr Klaus MüllerThese are the final results and reflections of the project MEA-Scope. This project with the full title “Micro-economic instruments for impact assessment of multifunctional agriculture to implement the model of European Agriculture” was a pioneering project. It was among the first which were funded in the new activity Scientific Support to Policies of the th 6 Research Framework Programme. Policy decisions – especially at the European level – are never easy. What policy-makers decide will potentially affect the lives of millions of people for many years. This makes reaching informed decisions crucial, and scientific research can help illuminate their policy choices. MEA-Scope was one of two projects which addressed the research p- orities for European Rural areas which were identified in an EC workshop on Multifunctionality in Agriculture in 2001. Scientific Support to Policies in the Research Framework Programme is facing the challenge to identify in the discussions between policy makers and the research community those topics which can be addressed in a m- term strategic research programme. When the research topic was published Multifunctionality of Agriculture was among the concepts with many - search questions open. It was considered that positivistic approaches into technology aspects of agriculture, forestry and other rural activities based on natural resources and land use are needed, as well as more normative research with regard to trade, food quality and safety, animal welfare, en- ronment, rural development and cultural issues.
Rural Long Tail Public Service and the Correction Mechanism: Evidence from China
by Ji LuoThis book firstly analyzes the status and characteristics of rural long tail public service and its unbalance in detail. In all, based on the long tail theory, mechanism design theory and resource dependence theory, this book makes an empirical study and basic judgment on the matching of supply and demand of rural long tail public services in China and explores the mechanism of the efficiency of supply and demand affecting the imbalance. This book presents a correction mechanism of rural long tail public demand based on the division of different response subjects and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. By putting the rural public demand in the “embedded” economic and social system and the development process, this book analyzes its future trend and response path. Then, based on the difference of governance efficiency, this book analyzes the general causes of the unbalance of supply and demand of rural long tail public service. Especially for the representative field of rural public service (e.g., special education, old-age caring, medical care), this book carries out empirical studies (seemingly unrelated regression) to analyze the factors, internal mechanism and basic path of the imbalance of rural long tail public service. Thirdly, through the construction of the imbalance index of rural long tail public service, this book makes an empirical calculation of the severity of this imbalance. This book further puts forward the design of the correction mechanism for the imbalance of rural long tail public service and carries on the reasonable and orderly division for different supply subjects. In the end, this book puts forward the balanced “Internet + NGO” model for rural long tail public service and takes JD.com as an example to expound the operation of the network platform of the correction mechanism.
Rural Tenancies in England and Wales (Land and Estate Management)
by Charles CowapA short but comprehensive introduction to the types of tenancy which may be encountered in the countryside of England and Wales. The content deals with agricultural, residential and business tenancies, and the nature of rent. It is written for aspiring land agents, land managers and agricultural solicitors. Not only for students in universities and colleges, it will also be a valuable primer for those working with farmers whose need for knowledge may not extend to some of the more specialized sources, for example agricultural accountants, farm business and agronomy consultants. Farm managers should also find the information useful in ensuring they get the best support from their land agents and other advisors.Residential tenancies are also covered, which almost match agricultural tenancies in their complexity, and the wholly different regime which applies to business tenancies. An understanding in these areas is also vital to anybody promoting new policies and schemes in the countryside, which all too often can easily overlook the importance of the landlord-tenant reationship in agriculture
The Rushdie Fatwa and After: A Lesson to the Circumspect
by B. WinstonThis resounding defence of the principles of free expression revisits the Satanic Verses uproar of 1989, as well as subsequent incidents such as the Danish cartoons controversy, to argue that the human right of free speech is by no means so secure that it can be taken for granted.
Russia: Strategy, Policy and Administration
by Irvin StudinThis book examines how Russia, the world’s most complicated country, is governed. As it resumes its place at the centre of global affairs, the book explores Russia’s overarching strategies, and how it organizes itself (or not) in policy areas ranging from foreign policy and national security to health care, education, immigration, science, sport, agriculture, the environment and criminal justice. The book also discusses the structures and institutions on which Russia relies in order to deliver its goals in these areas of national life, as well as what’s to be done, in policy terms, to improve the country’s performance in its first post-Soviet century. Edited by Irvin Studin, the book includes contributions from a tremendous list of Russia’s leading thinkers and specialists, including Alexei Kudrin, Vladimir Mau, Alexander Auzan, Simon Kordonsky, Fyodor Lukyanov, Natalia Zubarevich and Andrey Melville.
Russia: Continuity and Change (Europainstitut Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien Schriftenreihe Europainstitut Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien Publication Series #24)
Russia has lived through years of radical change. This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of developments in Russia since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It offers new insights into recent developments and possible future trends in Russia which, for many observers in the "West”, remains the big enigmatic neighbour in the "East”. Numerous researchers and diplomats from Austria and Russia have contributed to this volume. Key subjects are internal Russian politics, economic developments, social issues and regional particularities in the Russian Federation. Russia’s relations with the "Near Abroad”, the EU and the World form another important part of this practice-oriented analysis. A source of information for leaders in politics, the business community as well as to the media.
Russia and the Right to Self-Determination in the Post-Soviet Space
by Johannes SocherThe right to self-determination is renowned for its lack of clear interpretation. Broadly speaking, one can differentiate between a 'classic' and a 'romantic' tradition. In modern international law, the balance between these two opposing traditions is sought in an attempt to contain or 'domesticate' the romantic version by limiting it to 'abnormal' situations, that is cases of 'alien subjugation, domination and exploitation'. This book situates Russia's engagement with the right to self-determination in this debate. It shows that Russia follows a distinct approach to self-determination that diverges significantly from the consensus view in international state practice and scholarship, partly due to a lasting legacy of the former Soviet doctrine of international law. Against the background of the Soviet Union's role in the evolution of the right to self-determination, the bulk of the study analyses Russia's relevant state practice in the post-Soviet space through the prisms of sovereignty, secession, and annexation. Drawing on analysis of all seven major secessionist conflicts in the former Soviet space and a detailed study of Russian sources and scholarship, it traces how Russian engagement with self-determination has changed over the past three decades. Ultimately, the book argues that Russia's approach to the right of peoples to self-determination should not only be understood in terms of power politics disguised as legal rhetoric but in terms of a continuously assumed regional hegemony and exceptionalism, based on balance-of-power considerations.
Russia and the Right to Self-Determination in the Post-Soviet Space
by Johannes SocherThe right to self-determination is renowned for its lack of clear interpretation. Broadly speaking, one can differentiate between a 'classic' and a 'romantic' tradition. In modern international law, the balance between these two opposing traditions is sought in an attempt to contain or 'domesticate' the romantic version by limiting it to 'abnormal' situations, that is cases of 'alien subjugation, domination and exploitation'. This book situates Russia's engagement with the right to self-determination in this debate. It shows that Russia follows a distinct approach to self-determination that diverges significantly from the consensus view in international state practice and scholarship, partly due to a lasting legacy of the former Soviet doctrine of international law. Against the background of the Soviet Union's role in the evolution of the right to self-determination, the bulk of the study analyses Russia's relevant state practice in the post-Soviet space through the prisms of sovereignty, secession, and annexation. Drawing on analysis of all seven major secessionist conflicts in the former Soviet space and a detailed study of Russian sources and scholarship, it traces how Russian engagement with self-determination has changed over the past three decades. Ultimately, the book argues that Russia's approach to the right of peoples to self-determination should not only be understood in terms of power politics disguised as legal rhetoric but in terms of a continuously assumed regional hegemony and exceptionalism, based on balance-of-power considerations.
Russia as a Network State: What Works in Russia When State Institutions Do Not?
by Vadim Kononenko and Arkady MoshesDiscusses the ambiguous nature of the state in Russia, focusing on elite networks and their role in policy processes. This book examines the paradoxical dualism of state institutions and ruling networks, providing answers as to why some decisions are not implemented, and why the state exists despite the systemic inefficiency of its institutions.
Russia, The West, And Military Intervention
by Roy AllisonRussia has been embroiled in bitter disputes with major Western powers over high-profile military interventions - over Kosovo (1999), Iraq (2003), Georgia (2008), and even Libya (2011) which had a UN Security Council mandate. Moscow and the West reached much more agreement over the Gulf War (1990) and intervention in Afghanistan (2001), but these cases are exceptional. This interdisciplinary study explores the persistent differences between Russian and Western leaders about most Western-led military campaigns and about Russia's own use of force in the CIS region. What does this tell us about emerging norms on the use of force in humanitarian crises? How and why has there been such controversy over the legal justifications for these military operations? Has greater consensus been possible over force in global counterterrorism? What do all these controversies tell us about international rule-making? More specifically, how can we understand Russian political and diplomatic responses during international crises around major interventions? This book argues that Russia has been influential in these debates on norms and law as a permanent United Nations Security Council member and as a major military power. Moscow's approach to these questions has reflected distinctive and quite entrenched attitudes to international order and sovereignty, as well as a preoccupation with its own status. The book draws deeply on Russian sources to show how these attitudes are expressed among the Russian leadership and the political elite. This raises challenging questions about the ability of Russia and Western states to cooperate in emerging crises, in Syria, Iran, or elsewhere and about Russia's role in international society.
A Russian Advocate of Peace: Vasilii Malinovskii (International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées #156)
by P. FerrettiVasilii Fedorovich Malinovskii (1765-1814) is a name which has hitherto lacked true resonance in the history of Russian culture. Tt is of course a name known to all students of Alexander Pushkin's biography, for Malinovskii was the first Director of the new Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum, if, sadly, for only the first three of the young poet's years at the school. For those scholars conversant with the intellectual and literary life of the "beautiful beginning" of the reign of Alexander I's reign Malinovskii has his little niche for his remarkable Rassuzhdenie 0 mire i voine (1803) and less for his Osennie vechera (1803), a little-known journal limited to a mere eight weekly issues and written entirely by the editor. As regards the of his 'eighteenth-century' Malinovskii, who lived the first thirty-five years life predominantly in the reign of the great Catherine, little information encumbers the memory of even specialists of the period. Indeed, his elder brother, Aleksei Fedorovich (1762-1840), is the more likely to be remembered for his literary and translating work as well for his later position as Head of the Moscow Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which brought him into contact with Pushkin and, not unexpectedly, with Karamzin. Karamzin referred to him as "one of my few old and genuine friends", but one searches in vain for a similar accolade for VasiIii Fedorovich.
Russian and Post-Soviet Organized Crime
by Mark GaleottiA timely look at a widespread yet largely uninvestigated area of Russian life. Chapters include: consideration of the history and basis in culture for the organization of crime in Russia; the actions of emigres to the USA; and the development of modern sophistications of exchange and networking that currently blight privatization. Diverse perspectives, including comparative, structural and ethnic frameworks, give unprecedented national and international insights into a pervasive element of modern Russia.
Russian and Post-Soviet Organized Crime
by Mark GaleottiA timely look at a widespread yet largely uninvestigated area of Russian life. Chapters include: consideration of the history and basis in culture for the organization of crime in Russia; the actions of emigres to the USA; and the development of modern sophistications of exchange and networking that currently blight privatization. Diverse perspectives, including comparative, structural and ethnic frameworks, give unprecedented national and international insights into a pervasive element of modern Russia.
Russian Approaches to International Law
by Lauri MälksooThis book addresses a simple question: how do Russians understand international law? Is it the same understanding as in the West or is it in some ways different and if so, why? It answers these questions by drawing on from three different yet closely interconnected perspectives: history, theory, and recent state practice. The work uses comparative international law as starting point and argues that in order to understand post-Soviet Russia's state and scholarly approaches to international law, one should take into account the history of ideas in Russia. To an extent, Russian understandings of international law differ from what is considered the mainstream in the West. One specific feature of this book is that it goes inside the language of international law as it is spoken and discussed in post-Soviet Russia, especially the scholarly literature in the Russian language, and relates this literature to the history of international law as discipline in Russia. Recent state practice such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia's record in the UN Security Council, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, prominent cases in investor-state arbitration, and the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union are laid out and discussed in the context of increasingly popular 'civilizational' ideas, the claim that Russia is a unique civilization and therefore not part of the West. The implications of this claim for the future of international law, its universality, and regionalism are discussed.
Russian Approaches to International Law
by Lauri MälksooThis book addresses a simple question: how do Russians understand international law? Is it the same understanding as in the West or is it in some ways different and if so, why? It answers these questions by drawing on from three different yet closely interconnected perspectives: history, theory, and recent state practice. The work uses comparative international law as starting point and argues that in order to understand post-Soviet Russia's state and scholarly approaches to international law, one should take into account the history of ideas in Russia. To an extent, Russian understandings of international law differ from what is considered the mainstream in the West. One specific feature of this book is that it goes inside the language of international law as it is spoken and discussed in post-Soviet Russia, especially the scholarly literature in the Russian language, and relates this literature to the history of international law as discipline in Russia. Recent state practice such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia's record in the UN Security Council, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, prominent cases in investor-state arbitration, and the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union are laid out and discussed in the context of increasingly popular 'civilizational' ideas, the claim that Russia is a unique civilization and therefore not part of the West. The implications of this claim for the future of international law, its universality, and regionalism are discussed.
Russian Arbitration Law and Practice
by Hiroshi OdaRussian Arbitration Law and Practice provides a comprehensive and practical analysis of Russian arbitration law of post-2015 reform. After addressing issues such as arbitrability, arbitration clauses, arbitral procedure, the book looks into the way Russian courts apply arbitration law when Russian parties seek to set aside unfavourable awards and when foreign parties seek to have awards enforced against Russian parties. The book provides guidance to Russian arbitration law in operation, drawing on the authors own practical insight and experience. The author offers a comprehensive description of the relevant areas of Russian law including procedural law, mandatory rules, and the most relevant public regulations that influence recognition and enforceability of an award in Russia. It highlights problematic areas for due diligence of potential Russian business partners, serving the purpose of avoiding future disputes. The book also deals with court procedures in Russia (injunctions, parallel proceedings, etc.) that may affect arbitral proceedings. The issues of recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in Russia and challenging arbitral awards in Russia are also covered. A section is devoted to particularities of arbitral proceedings at ICAC, Russia's most popular arbitral institution, and to arbitration proceedings with its seat in Russia.
Russian Arbitration Law and Practice
by Hiroshi OdaRussian Arbitration Law and Practice provides a comprehensive and practical analysis of Russian arbitration law of post-2015 reform. After addressing issues such as arbitrability, arbitration clauses, arbitral procedure, the book looks into the way Russian courts apply arbitration law when Russian parties seek to set aside unfavourable awards and when foreign parties seek to have awards enforced against Russian parties. The book provides guidance to Russian arbitration law in operation, drawing on the authors own practical insight and experience. The author offers a comprehensive description of the relevant areas of Russian law including procedural law, mandatory rules, and the most relevant public regulations that influence recognition and enforceability of an award in Russia. It highlights problematic areas for due diligence of potential Russian business partners, serving the purpose of avoiding future disputes. The book also deals with court procedures in Russia (injunctions, parallel proceedings, etc.) that may affect arbitral proceedings. The issues of recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in Russia and challenging arbitral awards in Russia are also covered. A section is devoted to particularities of arbitral proceedings at ICAC, Russia's most popular arbitral institution, and to arbitration proceedings with its seat in Russia.
Russian Bureaucracy and the State: Officialdom From Alexander III to Vladimir Putin
by D. Rowney E. HuskeyRussian Bureaucracy and the State provides a rich and innovative assessment of Russian bureaucracy from 1881 to the present. From a variety of disciplinary perspectives, the work assesses the organization, personnel, and practices of officialdom across three different Russian regimes – tsarist, Soviet and postcommunist.
Russian Discourses on International Law: Sociological and Philosophical Phenomenon (Routledge Research in International Law)
by P. Sean MorrisA number of recent events in the last decade have renewed interest in Russian discourses on international law. This book evaluates and presents a contemporary analysis of Russian discourses on international law from various perspectives, including sociological, theoretical, political, and philosophical. The aim is to identify how Russia interacts with international law, the reasons behind such interactions, and how such interactions compare with the general practice of international law. It also examines whether legal culture and other phenomena can justify Russia’s interaction in international law. Russian Discourses on International Law explains Russia's interpretation of international law through the lens of both leading western scholars and contemporary western-based Russian scholars. It will be of value to international law scholars looking for a better understanding of Russia’s behavior in international legal relations, law and society, foreign policy, and domestic application of international law. Further, those in fields such as sociology, politics, philosophy, or general graduate students, lawyers, think tanks, government departments, and specialized Russian studies programs will find the book helpful.
Russian Discourses on International Law: Sociological and Philosophical Phenomenon (Routledge Research in International Law)
by P. Sean MorrisA number of recent events in the last decade have renewed interest in Russian discourses on international law. This book evaluates and presents a contemporary analysis of Russian discourses on international law from various perspectives, including sociological, theoretical, political, and philosophical. The aim is to identify how Russia interacts with international law, the reasons behind such interactions, and how such interactions compare with the general practice of international law. It also examines whether legal culture and other phenomena can justify Russia’s interaction in international law. Russian Discourses on International Law explains Russia's interpretation of international law through the lens of both leading western scholars and contemporary western-based Russian scholars. It will be of value to international law scholars looking for a better understanding of Russia’s behavior in international legal relations, law and society, foreign policy, and domestic application of international law. Further, those in fields such as sociology, politics, philosophy, or general graduate students, lawyers, think tanks, government departments, and specialized Russian studies programs will find the book helpful.
The Russian Federation in Global Knowledge Warfare: Influence Operations in Europe and Its Neighbourhood (Contributions to International Relations)
by Tanel Kerikmäe Archil Chochia Holger Mölder Vladimir SazonovThis book examines Russian influence operations globally, in Europe, and in Russia’s neighboring countries, and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest technologies and forms of strategic communication employed in hybrid warfare. Given the growing importance of comprehensive information warfare as a new and rapidly advancing type of international conflict in which knowledge is a primary target, the book examines Russia’s role in Global Knowledge Warfare. The content is divided into three parts, the first of which addresses conceptual issues such as the logic of information warfare, the role of synthetic media, and Russia’s foreign policy concepts, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influence operations. The second part analyzes technological, legal and strategic challenges in modern hybrid warfare, while the third focuses on textual, cultural and historical patterns in information warfare, also from various regional (e.g. the Western Balkans, Romania, Ukraine, and the Baltic) perspectives. The book is primarily intended for scholars in the fields of international relations, security and the military sciences who are interested in Russian foreign policy and influence operations, but also their impact on the global security environment.
Russian Lawyers and the Soviet State: The Origins and Development of the Soviet Bar, 1917-1939
by Eugene HuskeyThis study traces the development of the Soviet Bar through periods of legal nihilism and legal revival to its final integration into the Soviet order at the end of the 1930s--a story of uncertainty and conflict in the Bolshevik ranks over the role of the lawyer under socialism and one of resistance to Soviet power by a profession jealous of its own autonomy.Originally published in 1986.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.